Your search found 5 records
1 Mekuria, Wolde; Sengtaheuanghoung, O.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Noble, A. 2012. Economic contribution and the potential use of wood charcoal for soil restoration: a case study of village-based charcoal production in Central Laos. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 19(5):415-425. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2012.686070]
Wood ; Trees ; Charcoal ; Fuelwood ; Case studies ; Production possibilities ; Chemicophysical properties ; Economic aspects ; Profitability ; Biomass ; Energy consumption ; Soil improvement ; Water availability ; Forestry ; Developing countries ; Rural areas ; Income / Laos
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044884)
(0.65 MB)
Wood charcoal production provides affordable energy in many developing countries and has substantially contributed to the economy through the provision of rural incomes. In several countries, charcoal production leads to overexploitation of forests due to inefficiencies in processing. This study was undertaken in central Laos to (1) examine and document traditional charcoal production systems; (2) investigate the production capacity, recovery efficiencies and economic gains of existing traditional charcoal production methods; (3) characterize the chemical properties of wood charcoal and investigate the potential for soil restoration and (4) investigate local charcoal producers’ perception on forest degradation and their species preferences. Through a socio-economic survey, a cost-based method for economic valuation was undertaken on a range of charcoal production methods currently being used. Laboratory chemical analyses were performed on wood charcoal samples. Results indicated that the traditional mud charcoal mound was used by the majority (82%) of charcoal producers. Total charcoal production per production cycle varied between 400 (produced from 2.7 m3 of wood) and 1600 kg (produced from 18 m3 of wood), with a mean of 938 kg (±120) for traditional mud charcoal mounds. The volume of the traditional mud charcoal mounds correlated positively and significantly with total charcoal production (R2 = 0.45, p = 0.03), whereas correlated negatively and significantly with the recovery efficiency (R2 = 0.58, p = 0.01). On average, the local producers receive a total net benefit of 457,272 Lao kip (USD 57.2) in 17 days. We also identified a rice husk mound method of charcoal production, which may not encourage further deforestation while producing rice husk biochar that can be used for soil restoration. Furthermore, we found that there are significant differences (p < 0.05) between the sampled wood charcoals in chemical properties, indicating that the potential of using wood charcoal for the restoration of degraded soils varies from charcoal to charcoal.
2 Pradhan, S.; Piya, R. C.; Heinonen-Tanski, H. 2012. Eco-sanitation for agriculture - an experimental demonstration program in Nepal. [Abstract only]. In Global Dry Toilet Association of Finland. Book of abstracts: 4th International Dry Toilet Conference, 22-24 August 2012. Tampere, Finland: Global Dry Toilet Association of Finland. pp.93.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045037)
(1.93 MB)
3 Anyang GEMCO Energy Machinery. 2012. A guide to large-scale biomass pellet production. Anyang, Henan, China: Anyang GEMCO Energy Machinery. 66p.
Biomass production ; Pelleting ; Renewable energy ; Energy generation ; Raw materials ; Wood ; Policy ; Standards ; Plant maintenance ; Cooling ; Storage
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H047075)
4 Amare, D.; Wondie, M.; Teketay, D.; Eshete, A.; Darr, D. 2017. Wood extraction among the households of Zege Peninsula, northern Ethiopia. Ecological Economics, 142:177-184. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.06.002]
Forest resources ; Deforestation ; Forest management ; Forest degradation ; Smallholders ; Living standards ; Market surveys ; Participation ; Socioeconomic environment ; Wood ; Households ; Income generation / Ethiopia / Zega Peninsula
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048462)
The dependence of smallholder farmers on forest resources for their sustenance and livelihoods is a major driver of deforestation and degradation of forest resources in tropical countries. Understanding the socio-economic drivers that aggravate the extraction and overexploitation of forest products is vital for designing effective forest conservation and restoration measures. This particularly holds with regard to the importance of two fundamentally opposing motivations of smallholder forest exploitation, which we label “wood extraction for need” vs. “wood extraction for greed”. This study was conducted at Zege peninsula in Northern Ethiopia to investigate the factors affecting the extraction and marketing of wood from the peninsula's primary dry Afromontane forest by smallholders. Data was collected using household survey, focus groups discussions and key informant interviews. Data analysis employed the Heckman two-steps econometric model. The predominant involvement of vulnerable households in forest exploitation suggests that wood extraction was driven by need and mainly served sustenance and safety net functions. In addition, we also found evidence of greed-driven forest exploitation. As a consequence of selective rule enforcement and nepotism, the forest enforcement committee was not effective in safeguarding the forest, there by contributing to increased wood extraction and marketing by community members for income generation. This suggests that, in order to protect the forest, interventions are needed that aim at creating alternative income opportunities for smallholders through improved production of non-timber forest products, enhanced market access and the provision of locally adapted technologies; as well as at increasing the integrity of law enforcement.
5 Gret-Regamey, A.; Weibel, B. 2020. Global assessment of mountain ecosystem services using earth observation data. Ecosystem Services, 46:101213. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101213]
Ecosystem services ; Observation ; Globalization ; Assessment ; Mapping ; Mountain ranges ; Land use change ; Land cover ; Water supply ; Vegetation ; Grasslands ; Forage ; Wood ; Carbon sequestration ; Rain ; Models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050137)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212041620301558/pdfft?md5=4b0fa649db8d7dc9daa3628a798e940c&pid=1-s2.0-S2212041620301558-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050137.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050137.pdf
(5.17 MB) (5.17 MB)
Ecosystem services assessments have the potential to support negotiating the complex trade-offs between conservation goals and other economic, political and social agendas across administrative borders, spatial and temporal scales. While earlier studies showed the global importance of tropical areas in supplying ecosystem services, the specific contribution of mountain areas has not been investigated in details. The degradation of mountain ecosystems driven by climate, demographic and economic changes is however increasingly threatening essential ecosystem services supply to people living in- and outside mountains. In this study, we present an assessment of eight ecosystem services in mountains across the world using high resolution earth observation datasets for 2000 and 2010. We link the ecosystem services supply data with an expert survey dataset to assess ecosystem services demand. We show that most mountain ranges show large patches of decreasing ecosystem services in areas characterized by high population pressure. By comparing ecosystem services supply of and demand for ecosystem services, we highlight the growing scarcity of highly demanded ecosystem services, in particular water, food and forage in mountain areas of Global South. Population growth in mountain regions and surrounding lowlands accentuate this trend and call for urgent solutions to sustainably manage ecosystems in mountain areas.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
