Your search found 49 records
1 Amoah, A. 2017. Demand for domestic water from an innovative borehole system in rural Ghana: stated and revealed preference approaches. Water Policy, 19(1):46-68. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.254]
Water supply ; Domestic water ; Drinking water ; Water demand ; Boreholes ; Economic value ; Rural areas ; Sustainable development ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Regression analysis ; Contingent valuation ; Econometric models ; Pricing ; Willingness to pay ; Estimation / Ghana / Greater Accra Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048024)
(0.23 MB)
This study investigates demand for domestic water supply from an innovative borehole system using the contingent valuation method (CVM). We further estimate demand for current service of domestic water supply in residences using the hedonic pricing method (HPM). This is achieved through a survey from rural districts of the Greater Accra Region, Ghana. Interval regression and ordinary least squares (OLS) are applied to investigate the determinants of willingness-to-pay (WTP). We find that monthly WTP values are GH¢35.90 (US$11.45) and GH¢17.59 (US$5.61) in the CVM and HPM, respectively. These values constitute approximately 3–6% of household monthly income which is consistent with earlier studies. For policy purposes, the study recommends the adoption of this cost effective technology to help ease the water burden on society.
2 Danso, G. K.; Otoo, Miriam; Duy Linh, N.; Madurangi, Ganesha. 2017. Households’ willingness-to-pay for fish product attributes and implications for market feasibility of wastewater-based aquaculture businesses in Hanoi, Vietnam. Resources, 6(2):1-22. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/resources6030030]
Aquaculture ; Household wastes ; Income ; Fish products ; Market research ; Feasibility studies ; Wastewater treatment ; Water use ; Freshwater ; Willingness to pay ; Socioeconomic environment ; Economic aspects ; Government agencies ; Cost benefit analysis / Vietnam / Hanoi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048216)
(680 KB)
A choice experiment was used to assess households’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for informational attributes (sources of water used to rear sh, and certi cation) of sh products in Hanoi, Vietnam. The study showed that households’ purchasing decisions are in uenced by their access to information of food product attributes and ascribe an economic value to it. The results indicated that households are willing to pay 51% (USD 1.11 per kg) above the prevailing market price of sh for information to know if wastewater is used to rear the sh they consume. Similarly, they are willing to pay 20% above the prevailing market price of sh (USD 0.43 per kg) to know if freshwater is used as a rearing medium. It is important to note that the increased marginal WTP is for information on whether the sh they consume is raised in wastewater over freshwater. This supports the notion of households’ concern over the safety of consuming wastewater-raised sh. Households are also willing to pay 65% (USD 1.42 per kg) above the prevailing market price for certi ed sh. Based on the cost of sh certi cation and WTP estimates, we found a total economic bene t of USD 172 million for the implementation of a wastewater-raised sh business model in Hanoi. The demand for wastewater-raised sh is likely to be affected by households’ perception of certi cation by a trusted government agency, source of water used to raise the sh, age, income and household size.
3 Danso, G. K.; Otoo, Miriam; Ekere, W.; Ddungu, S.; Madurangi, Ganesha. 2017. Market feasibility of faecal sludge and municipal solid waste-based compost as measured by farmers’ willingness-to-pay for product attributes: evidence from Kampala, Uganda. Resources, 6(2):1-17. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/resources6030031]
Faecal sludge ; Urban wastes ; Solid wastes ; Composts ; Willingness to pay ; Nutrients ; Resource recovery ; Cost recovery ; Organic fertilizers ; Farmer participation ; Economic aspects / Uganda / Kampala
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048217)
(260 KB)
There is a great potential to close the nutrient recycling loop, support a ‘circular economy’ and improve cost recovery within the waste sector and to create viable businesses via the conversion of waste to organic fertilizers. Successful commercialization of waste-based organic fertilizer businesses however largely depends on a sound market. We used a choice experiment to estimate farmers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for faecal sludge and municipal solid waste-based (FSM) compost in Kampala, Uganda and considered three attributes—fortification, pelletization and certification. Our results reveal that farmers are willing to pay for FSM compost and place a higher value on a ‘certified’ compost product. They are willing to pay US $0.4 per kg above the current market price for a similar certified product, which is 67 times higher than the cost of providing the attribute. Farmers are willing to pay US $0.127 per kg for ‘pelletized’ FSM compost, which is lower (0.57 times) than the cost of providing the attribute. On the other hand, farmers require US $0.089 per kg as a compensation to use ‘fortified’ FSM compost. We suggest that future FSM compost businesses focus on a ‘certified and pelletized’ FSM product as this product type has the highest production cost–WTP differential and for which future businesses can capture the highest percentage of the consumer surplus. The demand for FSM compost indicates the benefits that can accrue to farmers, businesses and the environment from the recycling of organic waste for agriculture.
4 Houessionon, P.; Fonta, W. M.; Bossa, A. Y.; Sanfo, S.; Thiombiano, N.; Zahonogo, P.; Yameogo, T. B.; Balana, Bedru. 2017. Economic valuation of ecosystem services from small-scale agricultural management interventions in Burkina Faso: a discrete choice experiment approach. Sustainability, 9(9):1-16. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091672]
Ecosystem services ; Economic value ; Sustainable agriculture ; Small scale farming ; Water management ; Resource recovery ; Wastewater ; Water reuse ; Drip irrigation ; Organic matter ; Climate change ; Farmers attitudes ; Willingness to pay ; Estimation ; Models ; Welfare / Burkina Faso / Ouagadougou / Dano
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048370)
(0.74 MB) (768 KB)
The main purpose of this paper is to estimate farmers’ preferences and their willingness to pay (WTP) for ecosystem services derived from four agricultural water management (AWM) and resource recovery and reuse (RRR) intervention options in Burkina Faso, using a choice experiment (CE). These include; small water infrastructure, drip irrigation, recovery of organic matter from waste, and treated wastewater. The design decisions relating to attribute selection, the level of attributes, alternatives and choice tasks were guided by literature, field visits, focus group discussions, expert input and an iterative process of the STATA software to generate an orthogonal main-effects CE design. The data used was generated from a random sample of 300 farm households in the Dano and Ouagadougou municipalities in Burkina Faso. Results from conditional logit, latent class logit and mixt logit models show that farmers have positive and significant preferences for drip irrigation, treated wastewater, and organic matter. However, they are WTP on average more for drip irrigation and organic matter for agricultural sustainability. In line with economic theory, the cost of an intervention reduces demand for a given intervention. These findings can provide policy makers with evidence for agricultural policy design to build farmers’ resilience in the Sahel.
5 Sacolo, T.; Abidoye, B. 2017. Are long-held beliefs and taboos on recycled water reducing in southern Africa?. Water Policy, 19(6):1172-1188. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2017.076]
Water reuse ; Recycling ; Household consumption ; Attitudes ; Willingness to pay ; Water resources ; Water quality ; Valuation ; Water demand ; Models ; Socioeconomic environment / Southern Africa / Mozambique / Zimbabwe / Botswana / Limpopo River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048380)
(0.21 MB)
A sample of 1,114 households in three countries located in the Limpopo River Basin was surveyed to investigate willingness to use (WTU) and willingness to pay (WTP) for different quality attributes of recycled water. The results indicate that 36% of the households are willing to use recycled water for potable uses and only 70% are willing to use it for non-potable use such as gardening. WTU recycled water was found to be associated with gender, age, education, occupation and perception of quality of water from the main source. Households are willing to pay 76% of the price of standard water for improved quality in recycled water with no colour.
6 Jimenez-Redal, R.; Soriano, J.; Holowko, N.; Almandoz, J.; Arregui, F. 2018. Assessing sustainability of rural gravity-fed water schemes on Idjwi Island, D.R. Congo. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 34(6):1022-1035. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1347086]
Water supply ; Sustainability ; Rural areas ; Households ; Committees ; Willingness to pay ; Communities ; Projects ; Ownership ; Indicators ; Islands / Democratic Republic of the Congo / Idjwi Island
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048947)
(0.75 MB)
To assess the sustainability of rural gravity-fed water schemes on Idjwi Island, the association between four hypothesized drivers of sustainability – perceived sense of ownership, willingness to pay for maintenance, trust in the water committee, and household involvement in the project – and service reliability, the main outcome variable, was analyzed. Primary data were gathered through in-person surveys of 1253 user households. The results provide two significant insights. First, during the 5–10 years after implementation, in the presence of an external intervention, a lower perceived sense of ownership for the water system was associated with higher service reliability. This stands in contrast with much of the existing literature, which outlines a consistent positive association between sense of ownership and sustainability of rural water systems. Second, despite 77% of beneficiaries stating that they were willing to pay for maintenance service, such contributions were not forthcoming, due to lack of trust in the water committee. In this scenario, almost 42% of the water points are reported as non-functional, 5–10 years after completion.
7 Ndambiri, H.; Rotich, E. 2018. Valuing excess fluoride removal for safe drinking water in Kenya. Water Policy, 20(5):953-965. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.078]
Drinking water ; Fluorides ; Water quality ; Contingent valuation ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Willingness to pay ; Water policy ; Health hazards ; Fluorosis ; Econometric models / Kenya / Baringo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048951)
(0.18 MB)
The study uses contingent valuation framework to assess the welfare benefits of removing excess fluoride from drinking water among households in Baringo County, Kenya. A conventional payment card is used to draw preferences from households in order to estimate the mean and median willingness to pay for excess fluoride removal from drinking water in the county. Through interval regression analysis, the study found that households were, on average, willing to pay Kshs. 202.25 ($2.02) and a median of Kshs. 162.50 ($1.63) to remove excess fluoride from drinking water. The mean and median welfare values of removing excess fluoride from water were estimated at Kshs. 112.4 ($1.12) and Kshs. 90.3 ($0.90) million, respectively. These amounts were significantly found to increase with male gender, education, household income, living in own house, type of water source, perceived water quality, distance to nearest water source, payment vehicle used and whether household members had suffered from fluorosis. However, these amounts declined with age and household size. On the whole, the study found significant public support towards the removal of excess fluoride in drinking water among the concerned households, which is vital for effective formation and implementation of water quality improvement policies for the county.
8 Drechsel, Pay. 2018. Consumption. In Karg, H.; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Atlas of West African urban food systems: examples from Ghana and Burkina Faso. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). pp.60-65.
Food consumption ; Household consumption ; Meal patterns ; Diet ; Women's participation ; Malnutrition ; Food safety ; Health hazards ; Willingness to pay ; Agroecological zones ; Vegetables ; Cereals ; Animal products ; Fruits / West Africa / Ghana / Burkina Faso / Accra / Kumasi / Tamale / Ouagadougou
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049013)
(956 KB)
9 Brahim-Neji, H. B.; Del Saz-Salazar, S.; Besrour, A.; Gonzalez-Gomez, F. 2019. Estimating willingness to pay for desalinated seawater: the case of Djerba Island, Tunisia. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 35(1):126-144. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1377060]
Sea water ; Desalination ; Households ; Willingness to pay ; Estimation ; Water supply ; Water quality ; Waste water treatment plants ; Recycling ; Contingent valuation ; Models ; Case studies / Tunisia / Djerba Island
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049057)
(0.71 MB)
Water scarcity can be a growth-limiting factor. Non-conventional water resources, such as desalinated water, represent an alternative means of guaranteeing access to water while reducing water stress. In this study, a contingent valuation survey carried out in Djerba Island, Tunisia, allows the joint modelling of two decisions: societal support for the construction of a desalination plant and households’ willingness to pay for desalinated water. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study to date has addressed this relationship. We find that although a clear majority of households are in favour of using desalinated water, far fewer are willing to pay for it. The article concludes that it is worth studying willingness to pay for desalinated water in developing countries in order to avoid investing in projects where it is doubtful that costs will be recouped.
10 Rambonilaza, T.; Neang, M. 2019. Exploring the potential of local market in remunerating water ecosystem services in Cambodia: an application for endogenous attribute non-attendance modelling. Water Resources and Economics, 25:14-26. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wre.2018.07.001]
Water resources ; Ecosystem services ; Domestic markets ; Cropping systems ; Rice ; Organic agriculture ; Farmers ; Consumer behaviour ; Willingness to pay ; Socioeconomic environment ; Econometric models ; Estimation / Cambodia / Tonle Sape Lake / Phnom Penh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049122)
(0.28 MB)
Within South East Asia, certification and local market development may play an important role in incentivizing farmers to continue with nature-based solutions delivered by organic or traditional farming practices and avoid using environmentally detrimental production techniques. The purpose of this study is to use economic valuation in order to achieve an empirical understanding of local consumer preferences for different attributes of rice products. Application of the agrarian system approach reveals that rice cultivation systems observed in the Tonle Sape Lake of the Mekong River Basin in Cambodia (our study case) may target three ecosystem services that present the characteristics of public goods and may benefit consumer support. A choice experiment survey was administered among local consumers in the city of Phnom Penh in 2013. Econometric analysis indicates high rate of non-attendance for the price attribute. It also suggests that 17% of the respondents made their choices neglecting attributes describing ecosystem services. However, there are evidence of consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for certified organic rice higher than the price-premium observed on the local market. Furthermore, there is additional WTP value for the preservation of ecosystem services. We discuss the implications of our findings on potential payment for ecosystem services in the specific case of rice.
11 Acey, C.; Kisiangani, J.; Ronoh, P.; Delaire, C.; Makena, E.; Norman, G.; Levine, D.; Khush, R.; Peletz, R. 2019. Cross-subsidies for improved sanitation in low income settlements: assessing the willingness to pay of water utility customers in Kenyan cities. World Development, 115:160-177. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.11.006]
Water supply ; Willingness to pay ; Low income groups ; Sanitation ; Water users ; Urban areas ; Financing ; User charges ; Subsidies ; Contingent valuation ; Stakeholders ; Socioeconomic environment ; Econometric models / Kenya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049152)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X18304108/pdfft?md5=7a01086b63257e4fa7068d76e5874750&pid=1-s2.0-S0305750X18304108-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049152.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049152.pdf
(1.08 MB) (1.08 MB)
Most residents of the developing world do not have access to safely managed sanitation services, and large financial investments are required to address this need. Here we evaluate surcharges on water/sewerage tariffs as an option for supporting these investments in low-income neighborhoods. We investigated willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a pro-poor sanitation surcharge among customers of two urban water utilities in Kenya. Applying qualitative and quantitative methods, we conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews, focus-group discussions, and a double-bounded contingent valuation method for measuring WTP. We varied scenarios quasi-experimentally to study the effects of messaging and surcharge characteristics and evaluated factors associated with WTP. Our study finds that mean WTP was 290 KES (USD 2.9) per month, about 8% of the average water bill; median WTP was 100 KES (USD 1). In a multivariate analysis, WTP was significantly higher among customers that were younger, wealthier, shared toilets, and had higher water bills. WTP was also higher among customers that trusted the utility and distrusted the county government. Of our randomized scenarios, only the bill type was found to significantly influence WTP; WTP was higher if the surcharge was presented as a proportion of the customers’ last water bill vs a flat amount. Our findings suggest that in a sector that struggles to provide universal access to sanitation services, cross-subsidies may offer a means to support financing of safe sanitation for low-income households. These results indicate there are opportunities for cross-subsidies in urban Kenya that may be relevant for a wider understanding of surcharge payments that support basic services for low-income citizens.
12 Akrofi, N. A.; Sarpong, D. B.; Somuah, H. A. S.; Osei-Owusu, Y. 2019. Paying for privately installed irrigation services in northern Ghana: the case of the smallholder Bhungroo Irrigation Technology. Agricultural Water Management, 216:284-293. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.02.010]
Irrigation systems ; Private sector ; Small scale systems ; User charges ; Willingness to pay ; Smallholders ; Farmers attitudes ; Water use ; Water conservation ; Socioeconomic environment ; Models / Ghana / Bhungroo Irrigation Technology / Builsa South / West Mamprusi / Mamprugu Moaduri
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049203)
(0.65 MB)
We assess factors influencing farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) amount for privately installed smallholder irrigation systems in Northern Ghana that conserve water for farming. Northern Ghana has a unimodal rainfall pattern that last for three months with a prolonged dry season. We provide insights into smallholder farmers’ affordability of simple irrigation systems fashioned on build-operate and transfer and how long it would take to breakeven to own the system. We add to the largely paucity in the literature in Northern Ghana on smallholder farmer access to irrigation services. Primary data and focus group discussions from farmers was collected between November 2015 and July 2016 in communities where the technology is installed as pilots and in areas noted for floods during the single rainy season and drought in the dry season. The Contingency Valuation Method was used to elicit information on farmers Willingness To Pay Amount. The Tobit regression model estimated the key factors that would influence their WTP amount whilst the simple investment appraisal technique, payback period, estimated the breakeven point. The mean WTP amount from the farmers was GHS180 ($45) per two seasons (a year) per hectare. Given this mean willingness to pay amount, at baseline, the typical group of five (5) maize farmers can afford to pay to own one BIT after 22 years of life of the technology. That notwithstanding, for sustainability of such a project, there is the need for strong farmer based groups to operate and manage the BIT and for the farmers to access farm inputs, access markets and be able to sell their produce at adequate prices to cover costs and to increase their income. Recommendations directed at NGOs, extension institutions, and local government authorities are to intensify training given to farmers on adoption of irrigation technologies as well as strengthening farmer-based organizations for sustainability and management of such technologies.
13 Khachatryan, H.; Suh, D. H.; Xu, W.; Useche, P.; Dukes, M. D. 2019. Towards sustainable water management: preferences and willingness to pay for smart landscape irrigation technologies. Land Use Policy, 85:33-41. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.03.014]
Water management ; Sustainability ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation practices ; Technology ; Willingness to pay ; Water conservation ; Soil moisture ; Evapotranspiration ; Sensors ; Models / USA / California / Florida / Texas
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049282)
(1.10 MB)
Urbanization trends, leading to growing irrigated residential landscapes continue to escalate concerns on surface, ground, and drinking water quantity and quality among environmental groups and regulatory agencies. While automated lawn irrigation systems established in urban areas are critical factors affecting water quantity and quality, homeowners’ water use may vary with their preferences for lawn irrigation systems. The choice of an irrigation system is not determined only by local restrictions or policies but also by homeowners’ preferences. Further, individuals’ preferences can be influenced by the availability of product-specific attributes such as evapotranspiration or soil-moisture based controllers (known as smart irrigation controllers). With a focus on single-family home residents in California, Florida, and Texas, the present study uses the discrete choice analysis framework to link smart irrigation attributes (e.g., sensor types, wireless operation, remote control, alert notification) and monetary incentives (e.g., annual water bill savings, rebates) to preferences and willingness-to-pay. Results indicate that homeowners prefer smart irrigation controllers to conventional automated systems, and that savings on annual water bills could be one of the most important features determining adoption of smart irrigation controllers. Controller features such as the type of operation (i.e., wireless/on-site weather station) and system malfunction alert/notification also impacted homeowners’ preferences. The findings provide practical insights into the promotion of smart irrigation controllers that can be integrated with educational campaigns, or advertisements highlighting benefits of smart irrigation technologies. Clearer understanding about homeowners’ preferences could serve as a feedback loop for policy makers and improve water policies at state and local levels.
14 Sarkar, A. 2019. Can shared standpipes fulfil the sustainable development goal of universal access to safe water for urban poor in Kenya? Water Policy, 21(5):1034-1049. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.047]
Water supply ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Water availability ; Urban areas ; Pipes ; Water management ; Infrastructure ; Households ; Informal settlements ; Willingness to pay ; State intervention ; Economic aspects ; Socioeconomic environment / Kenya / Nairobi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049451)
(0.27 MB)
With the analyses of secondary data, the study finds that there has been a consistent increase in safe water coverage in Kenya over the years, mostly through paid common standpipes. However, primary data collected through in-depth field investigations in the Mathare slums of Nairobi reveal that the paid standpipes are overstressed and are prone to unreliable services, neglected operation and maintenance, illegal connections, water theft, unregulated and high tariffs and client favouritism on the basis of tribal affiliations. Thus, the most effective way to serve the urban poor is to increase the number of working standpipes with fixed operating schedules per day, along with strict enforcement of water tariff regulations.
15 Mekonnen, A.; Gebreegziabher, Z.; Beyene, A. D.; Hagos, Fitsum. 2020. Valuation of access to irrigation water in rural Ethiopia: application of choice experiment and contingent valuation methods. Water Economics and Policy, 6(1):1-26. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1142/S2382624X19500073]
Irrigation water ; Water availability ; Contingent valuation ; Rural areas ; Water pricing ; Willingness to pay ; Estimation ; Irrigation schemes ; Irrigation programs ; Seasonal cropping ; Water use ; Farmers ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Models / Ethiopia / Koga Irrigation Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049466)
(0.57 MB)
Smallholder farmers in Africa rely heavily on rainfed agriculture. Those who have access to irrigation often receive it at no charge, but quantity, frequency and reliability may be limited without adequate revenue for maintenance and operation. Moreover, the absence of fees means that there are no pricing signals to encourage conservation of this scarce resource. In a situation where farmers do not pay for irrigation water use, this study investigates demand-side issues by eliciting farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for access to irrigation water. This study employs choice experiment (CE) and contingent valuation methods (CVMs) to value access to irrigation water, taking Ethiopia as a case in point. Unlike previous studies, this study covers current users and non-users of irrigation water using the same baseline (status quo) conditions — no irrigation — and compares the preferences of these two groups. The four attributes identified in the CE are number of crop seasons, frequency of watering in a season, crop type, and payment level. Results show that marginal WTP was Birr 17.7 (US$ 0.98), 261.8 (US$ 14.54) and 87.6 (US$ 4.87) for number of crop seasons, watering frequency in a season and crop type, respectively. Our estimates of farmers’ WTP for operation and maintenance of irrigation schemes per hectare of irrigated land range from Birr 738 (US$ 41.00) (from the CE) to Birr 784 (US$ 43.56) (from the CVM). We also find that, compared to current users, non-users were willing to pay more in general, as well as for the number of crop seasons specifically.
16 Tesfaye, A.; Hansen, J.; Kassie, G. T.; Radeny, M.; Solomon, D. 2019. Estimating the economic value of climate services for strengthening resilience of smallholder farmers to climate risks in Ethiopia: a choice experiment approach. Ecological Economics, 162:157-168. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.04.019]
Climate change ; Resilience ; Extreme weather events ; Risk coping strategies ; Economic value ; Agricultural extension ; Agricultural warning services ; Estimation ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Willingness to pay ; Socioeconomic environment ; Households ; Models / Ethiopia / Oromia / Malima / Ada'a / Dodota
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049488)
(1.40 MB)
This study estimated the economic value of agricultural climate services for strengthening the resilience of smallholder farmers to climate variability and risks in Ethiopia. Using a choice experiment approach, the study introduced a hypothetical package of improved climate services to 600 randomly selected smallholder farmers in three districts across three different agro-ecological zones in the Oromia Regional State. A generalized multinomial logit (G-MNL) model was used to estimate preferred attributes of climate services and willingness-to-pay (WTP) values. The results show that the preferred bundle of improved climate services among smallholder farmers was one that could be communicated in short text message system, provided along with credit facility, and market information and one that favors participatory decision making by smallholders. The results further reveal that the WTP value exhibited high implicit price for participatory decision-making. The study sheds light on important characteristics of agricultural climate services that may improve their acceptability and usability among smallholders. It also highlights the importance of packaging additional services including digital and ICT-based solutions, financial and market information along with climate services to promote demand-driven last mile delivery systems. Engaging smallholder farmers in a participatory manner in the decision-making process can help them make informed decision.
17 Alfredo, K. A.; O’Garra, T. 2020. Preferences for water treatment provision in rural India: comparing communal, pay-per-use, and labour-for-water schemes. Water International, 45(2):91-111. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2020.1720137]
Water treatment plants ; Willingness to pay ; Drinking water ; Rural communities ; Community involvement ; Fluorides ; Contamination ; Public health ; Sanitation ; Sustainability ; Villages ; Socioeconomic environment ; Models / India / Maharashtra / Yavatmal
Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049632)
(2.50 MB)
Using a contingent valuation survey, this research identifies villagers’ willingness to pay towards the operation and maintenance of water treatment plants in 11 villages in Maharashtra with existing facilities. Preferences were elicited using three different payment mechanisms: a monthly fee, labour (time) contributions, and a pay-per-container mechanism. There was little support for the pay-per-container scheme (51% stated positive willingness to pay for this option), but the communal mechanisms were more popular (86.7% and 87.3%). We conclude that the long-term viability of water treatment in Maharashtra is weak, as few scenarios provide adequate revenue to properly operate and maintain the infrastructure.
18 Kunwar, S. B.; Bohara, A. K.; Thacher, J. 2020. Public preference for river restoration in the Danda Basin, Nepal: a choice experiment study. Ecological Economics, 175:106690. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106690]
River restoration ; Public opinion ; Ecosystem services ; Environmental impact ; Water quality ; Willingness to pay ; Policy making ; Urban areas ; Communities ; Household surveys ; Models / Nepal / Danda River Basin / Siddharthanagar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049706)
(3.85 MB)
This paper develops a choice experiment method to assess the potential for sustainable management of a freshwater system, the Danda River, in Nepal. We use a primary survey data from 637 households, and the empirical analysis is conducted using the Generalized Multinomial Logit (GMNL) model. The findings indicate substantial demand for restoration of the Danda River, and it is indicative of the local public's preferences for an improvement in the Danda river ecosystem. Households were willing to pay up to $1.63/year to move away from the status quo level of services in the Danda River. Our analysis incorporates the respondents' preference uncertainty, and we also explore the presence of spatial heterogeneity using the method of hot spot analysis. We find the inclusion of preference uncertainty slightly increased the precision of the marginal willingness to pay estimates, while the hot spot analysis indicates that heterogeneity in preferences for the ecosystem services surfaces primarily from an urban center. Finally, results also indicates that households prefer community-based management of the Danda River, which highlights the need for policymakers to decentralize their management to the local communities so as to enhance interest in conservation of common pool resources like river ecosystems.
19 Kemeze, F. H. 2020. Economic valuation of supplemental irrigation via small-scale water harvesting. Water Resources and Economics, 16p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wre.2020.100160]
Supplemental irrigation ; Economic value ; Water harvesting ; Small scale systems ; Contingent valuation ; Rainfed farming ; Willingness to pay ; Irrigation systems ; Drought ; Farm income ; Land ownership ; Living standards ; Livestock ; Households ; Models / Africa South of Sahara / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049862)
(1.36 MB)
Agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries is predominantly rainfed, but SSA could develop greater dependence on supplemental irrigation due to a changing climate with greater rainfall uncertainty and higher frequency of dry spells. Supplemental irrigation through small-scale water harvesting (SSWH) plays a vital role in helping rainfed small-scale farmers overcome the risk of dry spells and promotes greater investment in agriculture. This study employs a contingent valuation approach to estimate the demand for SSWH supplemental irrigation in Ghana. The study finds the mean willingness-to-pay estimates for SSWH supplemental irrigation to be GHC 25.36 (USD 6.67) per acre per season for open canal irrigation system and 24.76 (USD 6.52) per acre per season for pipeline irrigation system. Drought experience, access to credit, agricultural income, and land ownership are key determinants of the demand for SSWH supplemental irrigation. The findings are particularly important for pricing small-scale irrigation services from rainwater harvesting public water reservoirs. The study recommends that investing in rainwater harvesting in rainfed agriculture should form a cornerstone of any country's strategy for adapting to drought, particularly in developing countries where rainfed agriculture plays an important economic role.
20 Navrud, S.; Vondolia, G. K. 2020. Farmers' preferences for reductions in flood risk under monetary and non-monetary payment modes. Water Resources and Economics, 30:100151. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wre.2019.100151]
Flooding ; Risk reduction ; Weather hazards ; Crop insurance ; Monetary situation ; Estimation ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Labour ; Willingness to pay ; Developing countries ; Policies / Ghana / Wheta/Afife Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049903)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212428419300325/pdfft?md5=a42bfb83a402fb0b64b4079b5f52cf82&pid=1-s2.0-S2212428419300325-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049903.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049903.pdf
(1.03 MB) (1.03 MB)
We use a split-sample choice experiment to investigate the effects of alternative payment modes on the purchase of flood insurance among smallholder irrigation farmers in Ghana. Results show that insurance up-take is lower for insurance premium payments required in labour than comparable premiums required in harvest and money. The marginal willingness-to-pay for a one-year reduction in flood frequency is about 6 h in labour time, 30 kg in rice and 144 Ghana Cedis (US$37) per annum. The price elasticities of demand for flood insurance indicate an inelastic demand for insurance premiums under these three payment modes. In addition to revealing strong preferences for flood risk reduction among farmers in this region, these results imply that subsidy policies may be inadequate in increasing the purchase of weather insurance under these three payment modes.
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