Your search found 26 records
1 Sbeih, M. Y. 1994. Water resources management in the occupied Palestinian territories. In International Center for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM) (Comp.), International Conference on Land and Water Resources Management in the Mediterranean Region, Instituto Agronomico Mediterraneo, Valenzano, Bari, Italy, 4-8 September 1994: Volume 1 - Water resources management. pp.97-115.
Water resource management ; Water conservation ; Water quality ; Pollution control ; Groundwater ; Aquifers ; Rain ; Water demand ; Water use ; Wells ; Water springs ; Rehabilitation ; Pumping ; Irrigated farming ; Citrus fruits ; Wastewater ; Recycling ; Water reuse / Palestine / West Bank / Gaza / Marj Naa'ja Village / Nasla Sharqya Village
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 GG20 INT Record No: H020910)
2 Nachiappan, R. P.; Kumar, B. 1999. Study of the interconnection between a lake and surrounding springs using environmental tracers in the Kumaun Lesser Himalayas. In Leibundgut, C.; McDonnell, J.; Schultz, G. (Eds.), Integrated methods in catchment hydrology: Tracer, remote sensing and new hydrometric techniques. Wallingford, UK: IAHS. pp.215-219.
Water resources ; Hydrology ; Water quality ; Water springs ; Lakes ; Monitoring / India / Kumaun Lesser Himalayas / Nainital Lake / Balia Ravine
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 551.48 G000 LEI Record No: H027505)
3 Arumugam, S.; Ratnatunga, P. U. (Comp.) 1974. Springs of Sri Lanka, Volume 1. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Water Resources Board. 63p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G744 ARU Record No: H039141)
4 Kumar, A. 2006. Hydrological assessment of natural water springs for sustaining water needs in the Himalayan region. In Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC). Sustainable development of water resources, water supply and environmental sanitation: 32nd WEDC International Conference, Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 13th - 17th November 2006. Preprints. Leicestershire, UK: Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) pp.208-211.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 WAT Record No: H041036)
5 Panabokke, C. R. 2007. Groundwater conditions in Sri Lanka: a geomorphic perspective. Colombo, Sri Lanka: National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka. 150p.
Groundwater ; Aquifers ; Geomorphology ; Water quality ; Groundwater recharge ; Water springs / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.9104 G744 PAN Record No: H041653)
6 Premasiri, H. M. R.; Wijeyesekera, D. S.; Weerawarnakula, S.; Puswewala, U. G. A. 2006. Formation of hot water springs in Sri Lanka. Engineer, 39(4):7-12.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H043247)
(0.63 MB)
7 Panabokke, C. R. 2007. Groundwater conditions in Sri Lanka: a geomorphic perspective. Colombo, Sri Lanka: National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka. 150p.
Groundwater ; Aquifers ; Geomorphology ; Water quality ; Groundwater recharge ; Water springs / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.9104 G744 PAN c2 Record No: H043350)
8 People's Bank [Sri Lanka]. 2009. Water and development: special report. Economic Review, 35(3-4). 73p.
Water policy ; Water resources ; Groundwater ; Fluorides ; Water springs ; Water harvesting ; Wastewater irrigation ; Water quality ; Pollution control ; Water rates ; Pricing / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 8029 Record No: H043739)
(0.39 MB)
9 De S. Liyanage, M. 2009. Natural springs of Sri Lanka: an overview. Economic Review, 35(3-4):37-39, 67.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 8029 Record No: H043746)
(0.41 MB)
10 Sharma, B.; Mirza, A. 2006. Success stories in water harvesting from Bajeena and Naila Villages, Almora District, Uttaranchal. [India]. Sustainable Mountain Development: Newsletter of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 49:19-20.
Water harvesting ; Water scarcity ; Water springs ; Women ; Wells / India / Uttaranchal / Almora District / Bajeena / Naila
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044715)
http://books.icimod.org/uploads/tmp/icimod-renewable_energy_options_in_the_himalaya.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044715.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044715.pdf
(0.10 MB) (2.48MB)
Water scarcity is a growing problem for countless mountain communities and causes great hardship to women and girls, who must spend many hours each day collecting water from distant sources. This article focuses on two successful water harvesting projects in Bajeena and Naila villages of Almora District, Uttaranchal, India.
11 Wescoat, J. L. Jr; White, G. F. 2003. Water for life : water management and environmental policy. New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. 322p.
Water management ; Participatory management ; Water resources development ; Water supply ; Domestic water ; Water use ; Water quality ; Water harvesting ; Ecosystems ; Environmental effects ; Social aspects ; Aquifers ; Groundwater management ; Water springs ; Wells ; Hydrology ; Precipitation ; Evapotranspiration ; Stream flow ; Flow discharge ; Watershed management ; Wetlands ; Lakes ; River basin development ; Reservoirs ; Dams ; Floodplains ; Soil moisture ; Land use ; Land cover ; Case studies ; Decision making ; Economic evaluation / USA / Russia / Japan / Switzerland / Malawi / Tanzania / Central Asia / Pakistan / Australia / East Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 WES Record No: H044923)
(0.25 MB)
12 Ghazouani, W.; Molle, Francois; Rap, E. 2012. Water users associations in the NEN [Near East and North Africa] Region: IFAD interventions and overall dynamics. [Project report submitted to IFAD by IWMI] Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 153p.
Water user associations ; Research projects ; Water management ; Water saving ; Water supply ; Conflict ; Irrigation management ; Irrigation schemes ; Community involvement ; Spate irrigation ; Water springs ; Wells ; Policy ; Financing ; Costs / Central Asia / Caucasus / Middle East / Yemen / Sudan / Turkey / North Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046140)
http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/water_cooperation_2013/pdf/water_users_associations_in_nen_region.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046140.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046140.pdf
(1.91 MB) (1.98MB)
13 Chinnasamy, Pennan; Prathapar, Sanmugam A. 2016. Methods to investigate the hydrology of the Himalayan springs: a review. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 28p. (IWMI Working Paper 169) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2016.205]
Hydrology ; Freshwater ; Water storage ; Water springs ; Water resources ; Groundwater ; Watershed management ; Water rates ; Meltwater ; Pumps ; Monitoring ; Catchment areas ; Isotope analysis ; Climate change ; Rain ; Temperature ; Mountains ; Flow discharge ; Hydrogeology / South Asia / Himalayan Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047579)
(1 MB)
Springs are the major source of freshwater in many small mountainous watersheds within the Himalayan region. In recent years, their flow rates have diminished, but the reasons for this are not self-evident, and hence this paper reviews the methods to investigate Himalayan springs. The review reveals that chemical and isotope analyses – mostly water dating and stable isotope (e.g., d18O) analyses – could be an appropriate entry point to commence field investigations, because of their potential to map complex spring pathways, including linkages between aquifers. This should be combined with the building of hydrogeological maps with the available data. Output from desktop analyses, field investigations and hydrogeological maps could then contribute to the establishment of a conceptual model, which could form the basis for a numerical model.
14 Jeelani, G.; Shah, R. A.; Deshpande, R. D.; Fryar, A. E.; Perrin, J.; Mukherjee, A. 2017. Distinguishing and estimating recharge to karst springs in snow and glacier dominated mountainous basins of the western Himalaya, India. Journal of Hydrology, 550:239-252. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.05.001]
Water springs ; Recharge ; Karst ; Highlands ; Precipitation ; Snow cover ; Glaciers ; Snowmelt ; Flow discharge ; Temperature ; Rain ; Hydrogeology ; Hydrography ; Isotope analysis ; Elements ; Ions ; Chlorides ; Uncertainty / India / Western Himalaya / Liddar Basin / Kuthar Basin / Bringi Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048190)
(4.76 MB)
Recharge assessment is a challenge in snow and glacier dominated Himalayan basins. Quantification of recharge to karst springs in these complex geological environments is important both for hydrologic understanding and for effective water resource management. We used spring hydrographs and environmental tracers (isotopes and solutes) to distinguish and estimate the sources of spring water and to identify the flow paths of the recharging waters in three mountainous basins of the western Himalaya. The karst springs are perennial with high discharge amplitudes. The results indicate that ambient temperature has a strong influence on the hydrological behavior of the springs. Although the spring flow is dominantly controlled by the melting of snow and/or glaciers, rain events produce sharp spikes in spring hydrographs. The facies patterns in springs within the Bringi basin (Ca-HCO3) and the Liddar basin (Ca-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-HCO3) suggest flow dominantly through limestone and dolomite. Higher concentrations of SO4 2 and Na+ in warm springs of the Kuthar basin indicate flow through carbonate, silicate and other rocks. The isotopic composition (d18O, d2 H) of precipitation, snowpacks, glacier melt and karst springs show wide variation both in space and time, and are strongly influenced by the basin relief and meteorology. The tracer-based two- and three-component mixing models suggest that the snowmelt dominantly contributes to the spring flow (55–96%), followed by glacier melt (5–36%) and rain (4–34%). Based on tracer tests with good recovery rates, springs are dominantly recharged through point sources rather than by diffuse infiltration. Changes in the timing, form, and amount of winter precipitation substantially affect the timing and magnitude of spring discharge during the rest of the year.
15 Scott, C. A.; Zhang, F.; Mukherji, A.; Immerzeel, W.; Mustafa, D.; Bharati, Luna; Zhang, H.; Albrecht, T.; Lutz, A.; Nepal, S.; Siddiqi, A.; Kuemmerle, H.; Qadir, M.; Bhuchar, S.; Prakash, A.; Sinha, R. 2019. Water in the Hindu Kush Himalaya. In Wester, P.; Mishra, A.; Mukherji, A.; Shrestha, A. B. (Eds.). The Hindu Kush Himalaya assessment: mountains, climate change, sustainability and people. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. pp.257-299.
Water availability ; Precipitation ; River basin management ; Flow discharge ; Sedimentation ; Water springs ; Water use ; Water quality ; Water pollution ; Water governance ; Water institutions ; Groundwater management ; Lowland ; Mountains ; Plains ; Drinking water ; Sanitation ; Contaminants ; Urbanization ; Ecosystems ; Environmental flows ; International waters ; International cooperation ; Decision making / Central Asia / South Asia / Hindu Kush / Himalaya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049103)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-92288-1.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049103.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049103.pdf
(28.3 MB)
16 Matheswaran, K.; Khadka, A.; Dhaubanjar, Sanita; Bharati, Luna; Kumar, S.; Shrestha, S. 2019. Delineation of spring recharge zones using environmental isotopes to support climate-resilient interventions in two mountainous catchments in far-western Nepal. Hydrogeology Journal, 27(6):2181-2197. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-019-01973-6]
Water springs ; Groundwater recharge ; Artificial recharge ; Climate change ; Isotope analysis ; Stable isotopes ; Deuterium ; Highlands ; Catchment areas ; Hydrogeology ; Hydrometeorology ; Rainfall patterns ; Precipitation ; Flow discharge ; Altitude ; Monsoon climate ; Dry season / Nepal / Shikarpur / Banlek
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049195)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10040-019-01973-6.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049195.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049195.pdf
(6.57 MB) (6.57 MB)
Though springs are the primary source of water for communities in the mid-hills of Nepal, an in-depth scientific understanding of spring systems is missing, preventing the design of effective climate-resilient interventions for long-term sustainability of springs. This study marks the first attempt to combine environmental isotopes analysis with hydrometric and hydrogeological measurements to identify dominant recharge zones for springs in two mountainous catchments—Banlek and Shikarpur—in Far-Western Nepal. In total, 422 water samples collected from rainfall, springs and streams between March 2016 and March 2017 were analyzed for their isotopic composition (d18O and dD). Isotopic composition of rainwater shows seasonality, suggesting that different sources of water vapor cause rains in monsoon and in dry season. Rainfall responses of individual springs were used to identify connections to unconfined and deeper groundwater strata. The isotopic composition of springs in the two catchments ranges from -9.55 to -8.06‰ for d18O and -67.58 to -53.51‰ for dD. The isotopic signature of the spring sources falls close to the local meteoric water line for the corresponding season, indicating strong rainfall contribution to springs. Altitudinal isotopic gradients suggest mean recharge elevation of 2,600–2,700 m asl for springs in Shikarpur, which lies beyond the surface-water catchment, and a recharge elevation of 1,000–1,100 m asl for Banlek, which partially extends beyond the surface-water catchment. The demarcated recharge zones will be used by government agencies to implement recharge interventions to increase the resiliency and reliability of springs in Far-Western Nepal.
17 Gurung, A.; Adhikari, S.; Chauhan, R.; Thakuri, S.; Nakarmi, S.; Ghale, S.; Dongol, B. S.; Rijal, D. 2019. Water crises in a water-rich country: case studies from rural watersheds of Nepal’s mid-hills. Water Policy, 21(4):826-847. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.245]
Water scarcity ; Water resources ; Water availability ; Watersheds ; River basins ; Water supply ; Water use ; Drinking water ; Water quality ; Climate change ; Drying ; Groundwater ; Water springs ; Rural areas ; Households ; Mountains ; Glaciers ; Case studies / Nepal / Kathmandu / Himalayas
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049279)
https://iwaponline.com/wp/article-pdf/21/4/826/585697/021040826.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049279.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049279.pdf
(0.90 MB) (916 KB)
The main objective of this paper is to assess the water crisis in Nepal by conducting a series of case studies in rural watersheds in the mid-hills. This was achieved through the applied qualitative method, especially combinations of desk study/structured searches, consultation, and field observation. The ground survey revealed that most of the rural communities in the mid-hills have an unreliable water supply. According to the local stakeholders, 20–25% of water resources have dried up as compared to 20 years ago. Drying up of water resources disproportionately affects women and girls in rural areas as women are responsible for household chores, including fetching drinking water. The findings also revealed that low-income households bear a disproportionate coping burden as compared to elite groups, as they often engage in coping strategies such as collecting water from distant water sources, which is labor- and time-intensive, and also yields smaller quantities of water. Assuming that unreliable water supplies will continue to exist in rural areas of the mid-hills for the foreseeable future, there is a critical need to consider which, if any, coping strategies will be most effective in ensuring that poor households will have access to safe and sufficient water supply
18 Sharma, D.; Khandekar, N.; Sachdeva, K. 2019. Addressing water-related shocks and coping decision through enhanced community participation: case studies from Ganga Basin, Uttarakhand, India. Water Policy, 21(5):999-1016. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.026]
Natural disasters ; Community involvement ; Participatory rural appraisal ; Climate change ; Flooding ; Geographical information systems ; Water resources ; Groundwater ; Water springs ; Rivers ; Water availability ; Social aspects ; Villages ; Case studies / India / Uttarakhand / Upper Ganga Basin / Hakimpur Turra / Khadri Kharak Maf / Kimkhola
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049409)
(0.49 MB)
Farming communities in the Upper Ganga basin, nestled in the Himalayan region, are finding it extremely difficult to face water-related shocks, which stand to profoundly impact their quality of life and livelihoods, due to climate change. Often, coping strategies (technological or institutional interventions), developed by planners, become counter-productive as they are not in cognizance with the end user community. This study presents a methodology to enable incorporation of community knowledge and expectations in planning by integrating participatory rural appraisal (PRA) with geographic information systems, leading to better informed coping strategies. As part of this, we create thematic maps which: (i) capture information on a spatial scale (otherwise lost during PRA), (ii) facilitate community participation for further research and planning in their contexts, and, (iii) co-create knowledge to develop a shared understanding of water-related hazards at the village level. The proposed methodology is presented through three case study sites – two in the plains (<500 masl) and one in the middle (500–1,500 masl) elevation regions of Upper Ganga basin. We show how this way of approaching context analysis facilitates community involvement as well as co-creating a knowledge base which can help researchers and government officials with mindful planning of interventions in the area.
19 Singh, S.; Shrestha, K.; Hamal, M.; Prakash, A. 2020. Perform or wither: role of water users' associations in municipalities of Nepal. Water Policy, 22(S1):90-106. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.051]
Water user associations ; Water institutions ; Community involvement ; Water user groups ; Urban areas ; Towns ; Drinking water ; Water supply ; Water availability ; Water demand ; Water springs ; Infrastructure ; Regulations ; Political aspects ; Households / Nepal / Tansen / Damauli
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049631)
https://iwaponline.com/wp/article-pdf/22/S1/90/651622/022000090.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049631.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049631.pdf
(0.26 MB) (264 KB)
In Nepal, water institutions have played a very significant role, and in Tansen and Damauli, the presence of user groups has indicated that proper management of water can help people avert critical water shortages. However, although in both Tansen and Damauli the user groups have been operating for a long time, their performances vary. In Tansen, infrastructural constraints tend to throw up challenges, although operational hazards associated with the supply systems are no less threatening. Moreover, there is large-scale corruption in the systems' upkeep and maintenance, allowing low grade vendors to operate in place of readily available efficient institutions. In Damauli, the systems have been rather perfectly managed, except for minor glitches from time to time. Funding has been good and community bonding has paid off. This paper delves into the community-managed water systems in the two cities and how the performance varies across them and the factors that play a role.
20 Sharma, G.; Namchu, C.; Nyima, K.; Luitel, M.; Singh, S.; Goodrich, C. G. 2020. Water management systems of two towns in the eastern Himalaya: case studies of Singtam in Sikkim and Kalimpong in West Bengal states of India. Water Policy, 22(S1):107-129. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.229]
Water management ; Water resources ; Water supply ; Infrastructure ; Water springs ; Water governance ; Water scarcity ; Climate change ; Rain ; Drinking water ; Political aspects ; Case studies ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment / India / Eastern Himalaya / West Bengal / Singtam / Sikkim / Kalimpong
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049958)
https://iwaponline.com/wp/article-pdf/22/S1/107/651641/022000107.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049958.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049958.pdf
(0.89 MB) (908 KB)
This study examines the water supply systems, their sociopolitical dynamics, and the future of water management in two Indian towns in the Eastern Himalaya, Kalimpong in West Bengal and Singtam in Sikkim. The research was centred around issues of demand and supply, water scarcity and stress, equity, water governance, and the sustainable conservation and management of water resources in a climate change context. Methodologically based on surveys, focus group discussions, and key informants' interviews, this study finds that spring sources are drying alarmingly in Singtam, even as demand is increasing dramatically due to a floating population that is more than the number of local inhabitants. The town suffers from the lack of an adequate reservoir facility and the frequent damage of water supply pipes during the monsoon. Kalimpong faces acute water shortages all year round. The political tug of war between the state government agencies and the local government around the management and supply of water, declining water discharge in spring sources, the lack of water infrastructure for repair, maintenance, and supply, and the glaring inequity between the higher, middle, and lower income groups are the immediate issues around water in Kalimpong. The spring sources that supply drinking water to Kalimpong and Singtam need immediate conservation measures to arrest the declining state of discharge. Micro-planning at the local level, reviving drying springs, and the adoption of appropriate soil and water conservation practices on a watershed basis are all important ways forward. The development of water security plans and their strict enforcement through multi-institutional collaboration can contribute to improved water governance and socioecological restoration for sustainable water resources management.
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