Your search found 37 records
1 Villholth, Karen; Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Jeyakumar, P. 2006. Tsunami impacts on shallow groundwater and associated water supply on the East Coast of Sri Lanka. In Proceedings of the International Groundwater Conference, New Delhi, India, 1-4 February 2006. 13p.
Groundwater ; Aquifers ; Monitoring ; Measurement ; Wells ; Salinity ; Drinking water ; Irrigation water ; Salt water intrusion ; Water supply ; Rain ; Coastal area ; Tsunamis / Sri Lanka / Batticaloa District / Ampara District / Kallady / Kaluthavalai / Oluvil
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9104 G744 VIL Record No: H039639)
2 Villholth, Karen; Manamperi, Athula; Buergi, N. 2006. Chemical characteristics of tsunami-affected groundwater and lagoon on the East Coast of Sri Lanka. In Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC). Sustainable development of water resources, water supply and environmental sanitation: 32nd WEDC International Conference, Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 13th - 17th November 2006. Preprints. Leicestershire, UK: Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) pp.707-713.
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Salinity ; Wells ; Nitrates ; Phosphates ; Rain ; Catchment areas ; Lagoons ; Coastal area ; Tsunamis / Sri Lanka / Batticaloa District / Ampara District / Kallady / Kaluthavalai / Oluvil
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9104 G744 VIL, 333.91 G000 WAT Record No: H039640)
3 Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali. 2007. The sustainability of livelihood dynamics in a rural coastal community in Sri Lanka. Doctoral Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science of the University of London. Division of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, UK. 289p.
Rural sociology ; Poverty ; Food security ; Social aspects ; Economic aspects ; Coastal area ; Villages ; Households ; Risks ; Tsunamis ; Natural resources management ; Fisheries ; Lagoons / Sri Lanka / Hambantota District / Rekawa / Kalametiya / Gurupokuna / Wewegoda / Thuduwa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: D 307.1412 G744 SEN Record No: H040798)
My study aims to investigate the key socio-economic and policy factors influencing the sustainability of natural resource based livelihoods in rural coastal households. While I adopt a sustainable livelihoods approach as an overall conceptual framework, I focus specifically on two aspects of livelihood security - food security and personal wellbeing. I investigate the usefulness of using a combination of food security and personal wellbeing indices that I develop together with other standard qualitative tools, to highlight aspects of livelihoods sustainability that are not covered by conventional poverty approaches. I also apply these approaches to assess first, how certain coastal zone management policy processes such as Special Area Management (SAM) has affected rural coastal livelihoods, and later, to assess the impact of the Asian tsunami on coastal communities and their livelihoods. SAM is a co-management approach applied in specific coastal sites. I collected data from two SAM sites - Rekawa and Kalametiya, on the south coast of Sri Lanka. I collected data from a total of 210 households that covered 6 villages (3 villages in each site). A combination of participatory methods and conventional surveys methods were used. I first examined the major qualitative trends and influences, and thereafter investigated the differences between households within and between villages and between male and female respondents using univariate analyses. Finally, regression analyses were used to relate the food security and personal well-being indices to a number of explanatory variables such as location of village, wealth rank, livelihood activities and SAM participation. My findings suggest that in terms of coastal resource management initiatives, the use of indices and tools such as those developed under this study, could prove to be useful in respect to better targeting the poorer groups among coastal communities. This in turn would contribute towards the overall success and long-term sustainability of coastal zone management initiatives.
4 Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) 2006. Sustainable development of water resources, water supply and environmental sanitation: 32nd WEDC International Conference, Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 13th - 17th November 2006. Preprints. Leicestershire, UK: Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) 744p.
Water resources development ; Sustainability ; Rivers ; Water supply ; Sanitation ; Irrigation programs ; Hygiene ; Public health ; Farmers ; Wastewater treatment ; Water purification ; Water reuse ; Tsunamis ; Aquifers ; Groundwater management ; Governance ; Watershed Management ; Water harvesting ; Women ; Drinking water ; Simulation models ; Manual pumps ; Waste management ; Water loss ; Reservoirs ; Dams ; Wells ; Water lifting ; Pumps ; Poverty ; Climate change / Sri Lanka / Pakistan / India / Nepal / Bangladesh / Sudan / Malaysia / Vietnam / Honduras / Uganda / Angola / South Africa / Kenya / Ghana / Nigeria / Afghanistan / Philippines / Zambia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 WAT Record No: H041028)
5 Tchouaffe Tchiadje, N. F. 2007. Strategies to reduce the impact of salt on crops (rice, cotton and chili) production: a case study of the tsunami affected area of India. Desalination, 206: 524-530.
Cropping systems ; Rice ; Cotton ; Chillies ; Salt water intrusion ; Salinity control ; Water use efficiency ; Mulching ; Tsunamis / India / Chennai / Ramathapuram District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 7996 Record No: H041068)
This research project took place after a postgraduate course attended by the author at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), nearby the tsunami-affected area of the Ramathapuram district of Chennai State, India. Actually it is well known that the ever-growing desire of farmers the world over and particular in India is to increase their productivity and to alleviate their poverty; based on the negative impact generated by synthetic products (inorganic fertilizers and pesticides) on the environment and human health, the concept of organic farming has become very popular of late, with many advocating a return to traditional methods of agriculture. Furthermore, with the tsunami that took place in India neighbourhoods there was an intrusion of saline water on coastal land with an adverse impact. A direct consequence was soil erosion, an increase of the soil’s salinity and groundwater contamination. Therefore, appropriate strategies are considered to promote awareness and understanding on the tsunami’s impact on the environment through integrated soil-nutrients management in agro-ecosystems. This process encompasses salt control through efficient soil and water management with emphasis on soil nutrients. Actually, the general objective is to find suitable options to reduce the impact of salt on crop production, and the specific objectives are: (1) to assess the relationship between salt and crop production, and (2) to assess the sustainable approaches to tackle salt contamination with a view to make recommendations and to improve the agricultural environment for future generations. Lastly, the findings led to the identification of the direct symptoms of agricultural production shortages and to tackle the causes with regard to future generations.
6 Piyadasa, R. U. K.; Weerasinghe, K.; Lakmal, H.; Maier, D. 2006. Groundwater quality changes in the tsunami affected coastal belt, southern Sri Lanka. In Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC). Sustainable development of water resources, water supply and environmental sanitation: 32nd WEDC International Conference, Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 13th - 17th November 2006. Preprints. Leicestershire, UK: Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) pp.643-648.
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Aquifers ; Wells ; Electrical conductivity ; Coastal area ; Tsunamis / Sri Lanka / Mirissa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 WAT Record No: H041056)
7 Saltori, R.; Giusti, A. 2006. Challenges of tsunami and conflict affected rural water supply in Sri Lanka. In Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC). Sustainable development of water resources, water supply and environmental sanitation: 32nd WEDC International Conference, Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 13-17 November 2006. Preprints. Leicestershire, UK: Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) pp.673-680.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 WAT Record No: H041058)
8 2005. Tsunami and coastal wetlands: a special session at Asian Wetland Symposium 2005, Bhubaneswar, India, 9th February 2005. Selangor D.E., Malaysia: Global Environment Centre. 1 CD.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: CD Col Record No: H041071)
9 2005. Tsunami and coastal wetlands biodiversity: a workshop at CDB SBSTTA, Bangkok, Thailand, 11 February 2005. Selangor D.E., Malaysia: Global Environment Centre. 1 CD.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: CD Col Record No: H041072)
10 Kellesoe, M. F.; Bambaradeniya, C.; Iftikhar, U. A.; Ranasinghe, T.; Miththapala, S. 2008. Linking coastal ecosystems and human well-being: learning from conceptual frameworks and empirical results. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Ecosystems and Livelihoods Group. 49p.
Ecosystems ; Tsunamis ; Mangroves ; Lagoons ; Estuaries ; Coral reefs ; Coastal area ; Social aspects ; Economic aspects ; Case studies / Asia / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 577 G000 KEL Record No: H041637)
11 Villholth, Karen G.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie H.; Jeyakumar, P. 2008. Tsunami impacts on shallow groundwater and associated water supplies on the east coast of Sri Lanka. In Bhattacharya, P.; Ramanathan, A. L.; Mukherjee, A. B.; Bundschuh, J.; Chandrasekharam, D.; Keshari, A. K. (Eds.). Groundwater for sustainable development: problems, perspectives and challenges. London, UK: Taylor & Francis. pp.211-222.
Tsunamis ; Coastal area ; Groundwater ; Aquifers ; Wells ; Flooding ; Monitoring ; Drinking water ; Salinity ; Water supply / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9104 G744 VIL Record No: H041664)
In order to assess the immediate and intermediate impacts of the December 26, 2004 tsunami on groundwater and associated water supply on the east coast of Sri Lanka, a monitoring program, focusing on domestic drinking water wells, was conducted in three study areas in the period March to July, 2005. The areas investigated were overlaying shallow, unconfined sandy aquifers, and the topography was flat. A total of 150 wells were monitored, covering both affected (inundated by tsunami water) and unaffected wells. Results indicate that wells were affected by salinity intrusion to various degree between the sites and within sites, up to 1.5 km inland. Thirty nine percent of all monitored wells had been flooded within a distance of 2 km from the coastline. Salinity levels after seven months after the tsunami were above a defined drinking water acceptability criterion (1000 µS/cm) in the majority of the affected, tsunami-flooded wells (91%). Excess salinity in wells is expected to persist for at least one more monsoon season.
12 Venkatachalam, A. J.; Price, A. R. G.; Chandrasekara, S.; Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali. 2009. Risk factors in relation to human deaths and other tsunami (2004) impacts in Sri Lanka: the fishers’-eye view. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 19:57-66. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.996]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041766)
This study examines the perceptions of 500 Sri Lankan fishers about influences on the outcome of the 2004 Asian tsunami. It is based upon analysis of questionnaire data on 13 natural environmental and development risk factors, in relation to human deaths and house damage (impact indicators).Mangroves, coral reefs and sand dunes afforded protection against tsunami damage (67–94% of fisher responses), as did housing and roads.Fishers overall believed rivers/estuaries, concave coastlines and hotels exacerbated impacts. However, a significantly greater proportion of fishers living within 100m of the coast reported that rivers/estuaries had a protective role than those living further inland. Rivers seemingly diverted ‘tsunami water’ far inland, where it overflowed and caused damage.Risk and damage are multi-faceted concepts and measurable in different ways. Findings are considered in the light of ecological studies and modelling, with special reference to mangroves, whose alleged protective role has become equivocal during post-tsunami research.Insights of fishers and other communities with intuitive knowledge add a valuable perspective to the understanding of natural disasters and environmental change. This approach is seen as complementary rather than an alternative approach to purely ‘scientific’ research.
13 Vithanage, Meththika Suharshini. 2008. Effect of tsunami on coastal aquifers: field studies and tank experiments. PhD Thesis submitted to the Department of Geology and Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. 148p.
Tsunamis ; Aquifers ; Groundwater ; Hydrogeology ; Salinity ; Water quality ; Coastal waters ; Coastal area ; Wells ; Monitoring ; Simulation models / Sri Lanka / Batticaloa / Kirankulum Village
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: D 333.9104 G744 VIT Record No: H041916)
(3.08 MB)
14 Bhattacharya, P.; Ramanathan, A. L.; Mukherjee, A. B.; Bundschuh, J.; Chandrasekharam, D.; Keshari, A. K. (Eds.) 2008. Groundwater for sustainable development: problems, perspectives and challenges. Leiden, Netherlands: Taylor & Francis. 460p.
Groundwater management ; Geology ; Hydrogeology ; Models ; Aquifers ; Recharge ; Water pollution ; Nitrates ; Pesticides ; Arsenic ; Bioremediation ; Green algae ; Fluorides ; Diseases ; Public health ; Drinking water ; Water supply ; Tsunamis ; Coastal area / India / Bangladesh / Nepal / Iran / Qatar / Oman / Mali / Latin America / Sri Lanka / Tehran City / Krishna delta / Orissa / Andhra Pradesh / Kurnool District / Delhi / Bhalswa landfill / Uttar Pradesh / West Bengal / Hooghly District / Kathajodi River Basin / Salalah Plain Aquifer / Timbuktu / Karbi-Anglong District / Assam / Tamil Nadu / Terai Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 553.79 G000 BHA Record No: H042595)
(3.27 MB)
15 Dharmagunawardhane, H. A.; Vithanage, M. 2008. Status of a tsunami affected coastal aquifer along the east coast of Sri Lanka. In Bhattacharya, P.; Ramanathan, A. L.; Mukherjee, A. B.; Bundschuh, J.; Chandrasekharam, D.; Keshari, A. K. (Eds.). Groundwater for sustainable development: problems, perspectives and challenges. Leiden, Netherlands: Taylor & Francis. pp.223-231.
Aquifers ; Coastal area ; Tsunamis ; Groundwater ; Wells ; Electrical conductivity / Sri Lanka / Batticaloa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 553.79 G000 BHA Record No: H042597)
16 Venkatachalam, A. J.; Price, A. R. G.; Chandrasekara, S.; Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali; Kaler, J. 2010. Changes in frigate tuna populations on the south coast of Sri Lanka: evidence of the shifting baseline syndrome from analysis of fisher observations. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 20:167-176. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.1068]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042642)
(0.27 MB)
This study examines changes in frigate tuna populations in southern Sri Lanka, based on reports from fishers in three age classes. Significantly higher values for best day’s catch and largest specimen ever caught were obtained by older fishers than younger ones. Values were also significantly higher during early years, providing clear evidence of a decrease in the resource over time (1951–2007).Older fishers reported best catches further inshore and in shallower waters which, on becoming depleted, forced younger generations to fish in less exploited areas further offshore. Heavy harvesting is also evident from the significantly greater number of sites reported by older fishers as being depleted, compared with observations of younger fishers.These findings contrast markedly with catch and catch per effort patterns from statistics for frigate tuna and bullet tuna (combined) in southern Sri Lanka (1994–2004). No stock decline is evident, and at least one report in the early 1990s advocated increasing exploitation rates by 40% to maximize yields.Although not a primary research objective, fisher observations on frigate tuna populations were also analysed to help evaluate possible effects of the 2004 tsunami. Most fishers reported post-tsunami decline, but mainly from a larger new generation of fishers, rather than extra boats provided by aid money or (direct or indirect) biophysical impacts from the tsunami.Reliance on fishery statistics, especially for mixed species and over a limited period, can be risky and easily mask true stock status. Evidence of harvesting effects on frigate tuna in southern Sri Lanka is evident using questionnaire data over a longer time scale.This study provides another compelling case of the ‘shifting baseline syndrome’, whereby fishers of different ages have altered perceptions/experiences of their environment. This may be its first reported occurrence in Sri Lanka. Traditional knowledge from this and similar surveys may provide national fishery management with valuable insights and help improve conservation prospects for frigate tuna and other marine resources.
17 Villholth, K. G.; Jeyakumar, P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie H.; Manamperi, A. S. P.; Vithanage, M.; Goswami, R. R.; Panabokke, C. R. 2010. Tsunami impacts and rehabilitation of groundwater supply: lessons learned from eastern Sri Lanka. In Jha, M. K. (Ed.). Natural and anthropogenic disasters: vulnerability, preparedness and mitigation. New York, NY, USA: Springer; New Delhi, India: Capital Publishing Company. pp.82-99.
Tsunamis ; Impact assessment ; Groundwater ; Lagoons ; Wells ; Water quality ; Water pollution ; Flooding ; Salinity ; Monitoring ; Drinking water ; Rehabilitation ; Models ; Surveys / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042732)
(1.44 MB)
18 Larsen, R. K.; Thomalla, F.; Miller, F. 2010. Learning to build resilient coastal communities: post-tsunami recovery in Sri Lanka. In Hoanh, Chu Thai; Szuster, B. W.; Kam, S. P.; Ismail, A. M; Noble, Andrew D. (Eds.). Tropical deltas and coastal zones: food production, communities and environment at the land-water interface. Wallingford, UK: CABI; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Penang, Malaysia: WorldFish Center; Los Banos, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI); Bangkok, Thailand: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific; Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF). pp.350-366.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 639 G000 HOA Record No: H043067)
(5.08 MB)
19 Villholth, K. G.; Rajasooriyar, L. D. 2010. Groundwater resources and management challenges in Sri Lanka: an overview. Water Resources Management, 24(8):1489–1513. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-009-9510-6]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043354)
(0.72 MB)
This paper gives an overview of the geophysico-chemical groundwater conditions in Sri Lanka and the associated contemporary management challenges. Groundwater is extensively used in Sri Lanka today, for agriculture, domestic use and industry/tourism. Groundwater access, availability and vulnerability are governed by six major types of aquifer systems of which the most prevalent is the regolith aquifers in the central hard rock areas of the island. Uncontrolled groundwater use and contamination or natural poor quality are leading to access limitations and health concerns. The tsunami severely affected groundwater in the coastal areas and functioned as a wake-up call to further emphasize the importance of groundwater for life-supporting functions. Despite an emerging awareness, groundwater management is in its infancy, with the attitude of groundwater development still not converted into an approach of active management. The role of groundwater in achieving sustainable development and in the development of appropriate water management institutions needs to be highlighted and specifically addressed in policy discussions.
20 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2010. Helping restore the quality of drinking water after the tsunami. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2p. (IWMI Success Stories 007) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2011.0030]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043321)
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