Your search found 113 records
1 Cofie, Olufunke; Agbottah, S.; Strauss, M.; Esseku, H.; Montangero, A.; Awuah, E.; Kone, D. 2006. Solid-liquid separation of faecal sludge using drying beds in Ghana: implications for nutrient recycling in urban agriculture. Water Research, 40(1):75-82.
Solid wastes ; Sewage sludge ; Organic fertilizers ; Recycling ; Public health ; Sanitation ; Urban agriculture ; Developing countries / Ghana
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.86 G200 COF Record No: H038182)
(0.32 MB)
2 Gunawardena, A. R.; Edussuriya, C. H.; Chandrakanthi, K. G. 2005. Application of geo-informatics to detect potential sites of surface water contamination through solid waste dumping in Southern Province of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Journal of Geo-Informatics, 2: 9-16.
Solid wastes ; Water pollution ; Environmental degradation ; GIS ; Remote sensing / Sri Lanka / Galle District / Matara District / Hambantota District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 7992 Record No: H040888)
3 Cofie, Olufunke O.; Drechsel, Pay; Agbottah, S.; van Veenhuizen, R. 2008. Resource recovery from urban waste: options and challenges for community based composting in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Richards, B. S.; Schafer, A. I. (Eds). Proceedings of the International Conference on Water and Sanitation in International Development and Disaster Relief (WSIDDR), Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, 28-30 May, 2008. Edinburgh, UK: University of Edinburgh. pp.290-296.
Sanitation ; Public health ; Sewage sludge ; Solid wastes ; Composting ; Waste management / Africa / Africa South of Sahara / Ghana / Ghana / Kenya / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.875 G110 COF Record No: H041517)
Municipal authorities in developing countries are facing immense challenges in managing both solid and liquid waste in a sustainable way. Recycling is not yet high on their agenda although they appreciate the potential of composting for waste volume reduction. This offers an entry point to introduce organic waste recycling as a component of sustainable integrated sanitation which has the potential of a win-win situation by reducing waste flows, ensuring environmental health, supporting food production and creating livelihoods. However, due to several constraints recycling attempts have often a short life time. This paper tries to analyse related reasons by drawing from a larger feasibility study in Ghana and a survey of compost stations in different parts of Africa. It concludes with a framework for the analysis and the planning of recycling interventions in the context of sustainable sanitation, looking in particular at community based options for solid waste and human excreta.
4 Adamtey, Noah; Cofie, Olufunke; Ofosu-Budu, G. K.; Danso, S. K. A.; Forster, D. 2009. Production and storage of N-enriched co-compost. Waste Management, 29:2429-2436. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.04.014]
Waste management ; Urban wastes ; Household wastes ; Solid wastes ; Composts ; Composting ; Production ; Techniques ; Fertilizers ; Excreta ; Urea ; Urban agriculture ; Inorganic fertilizers ; Nitrogen fertilizers ; Heavy metals ; Farmers ; Health hazards / Africa South of Sahara / West Africa / Ghana / Accra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042259)
(0.62 MB)
Recovery of the organic fraction of municipal waste for peri-urban agriculture could contribute to the improvement of environmental sanitation and increase agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, municipal waste co-compost (Co) has low nitrogen (N) content. Therefore, this study investigated the type and form of inorganic N fertiliser that is capable of improving the nitrogen content of Co and monitored the changes in the properties of this N-enriched product under storage. To attain 30,000 mg kg1 (3%) N content, different amounts of urea or ammonium sulphate were applied in various forms (dry, paste and liquid) to enrich Co. The product termed comlizer was stored and its moisture, pH, total nitrogen, NHþ4 -N, NO3 –N, and C/N ratio were monitored under ambient conditions for two years. In the first four months of storage, total N content of 50 kg Co + 3.26 kg urea (CoUD) increased from 31,333 to 54,000 mg kg1, and 50 kg Co + 7.14 kg (NH4)2SO4 (CoASD) from 35,333 to 52,000 mg kg1. At the end of two years of storage, the initial N content of CoUD and CoASD decreased by 47% and 24%, respectively. Based on these results, it is recommended that dry (NH4)2SO4 should be used in N enrichment of Co, and that the comlizer should be stored in sealed bags but not more than four months.
5 Ahmed, R.; Robinson, C.; Clemett, Alexandra. 2009. Management and treatment of urban wastewater for irrigation in Rajshahi, Bangladesh: WASPA Asia Project. Dhaka, Bangladesh: NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation. 34p.
Wastewater irrigation ; Urban areas ; Development projects ; Wastewater management ; Training ; Hygiene ; Crop management ; Wastewater treatment ; Sanitation ; Participatory management ; Stakeholders ; Farmers ; Institutions ; Organizations ; Health hazards ; Water quality ; Solid wastes ; Waste management ; Pumps ; Pollution control / Bangladesh / Rajshahi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G584 AHM Record No: H042289)
(12.54 MB)
6 Cofie, Olufunke O.; Drechsel, Pay; Agbottah, S.; van Veenhuizen, R. 2008. Resource recovery from urban waste: options and challenges for community based composting in Sub-Saharan Africa. Desalination, 248(1-3):256-261. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.063]
Sanitation ; Excreta ; Public health ; Sewage sludge ; Solid wastes ; Composting ; Waste management / Africa / Africa South of Sahara / Ghana / Kenya / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042369)
(0.33 MB)
Municipal authorities in developing countries are facing immense challenges in managing both solid and liquid waste in a sustainable way. Recycling is not yet high on their agenda although they appreciate the potential of composting for waste volume reduction. This offers an entry point to introduce organic waste recycling as a component of sustainable integrated sanitation which has the potential of a win-win situation by reducing waste flows, ensuring environmental health, supporting food production and creating livelihoods. However, due to several constraints recycling attempts have often a short life time. This paper tries to analyse related reasons by drawing from a larger study in Ghana and a survey of compost stations in different parts of Africa. It concludes with a framework for the analysis and the planning of recycling interventions in the context of sustainable sanitation, looking in particular at community-based options for solid waste and human excreta.
7 Cofie, Olufunke; Kone, D.; Rothenberger, S.; Moser, D.; Zubruegg, C. 2009. Co-composting of faecal sludge and organic solid waste for agriculture: process dynamics. Water Research, 43(18):4665-4675.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042673)
(0.53 MB)
This paper presents the potentials and performance of combined treatment of faecal sludge (FS) and municipal solid waste (SW) through co-composting. The objectives were to investigate the appropriate SW type, SW/FS mixing ratio and the effect of turning frequency on compost maturity and quality. Solid waste (SW, as market waste, MW, or household waste, HW) was combined with dewatered FS in mixing ratios of 2:1 and 3:1 by volume and aerobically composted for 90 days. Four composting cycles were monitored and characterised to establish appropriate SW type and mixing ratio. Another set of five composting cycles were monitored to test two different turning frequencies: (i) once in 3–4 days during the thermophilic phase and 10 days during maturation phase and (ii) once in every 10 days throughout the composting period. Samples were taken at every turning and analysed for total solids (TS), total volatile solids (TVS), total organic carbon (TOC), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, ammonium and nitrate nitrogen (NH4–N and NO3–N) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN). Temperature, C/N ratio, NO3–N/NH4–N ratio and cress planting trials were chosen as maturity indicators. Result showed a preference of MW over HW and mixing ratio of 2:1 over 3:1. There was no significant effect of different turning frequencies on the temperature changes and the quality of mature compost. The final product contained C/N ratio of 13 and NO3/NH4-ratio of about 7.8, while TVS was about 21% TS and the NH4–N content was reduced to 0.01%. A co-composting duration of 12 weeks was indicated by the cress test to achieve a mature and stable product. The turning frequency of 10 days is recommended as it saves labour and still reaches safe compost with fairly high nutrient content.
8 Cofie, Olufunke; Kone, D. 2009. Co-composting faecal sludge and organic solid waste, Kumasi, Ghana: case study of sustainable sanitation projects. In Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA). Compilation of 24 SuSanA case studies: pre-print for the 10th SuSanA meeting. Eschborn, Germany: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) pp.21:1-7. (SuSanA Case Studies of Sustainable Sanitation Projects)
Sanitation ; Excreta ; Sewage sludge ; Solid wastes ; Composting ; Techniques ; Organic fertilizers ; Urban agriculture ; Operations ; Maintenance / Ghana / Kumasi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042721)
http://www.susana.org/images/documents/06-case-studies/book/case_study_book_complete.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042721.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042721.pdf
(0.29 MB)
9 Drechsel, Pay; Erni, M. 2010. Analysing the nexus of sanitation and agriculture at municipal scale. Urban Agriculture Magazine, 23:11-12.
Urban agriculture ; Solid wastes ; Composting ; Farmers attitudes ; Fertilizer application ; Wastewater irrigation ; Sanitation / Africa / Ghana / Kumasi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042960)
http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/Analysing%20the%20nexus%20of%20sanitation%20and%20agriculture%20at%20municipal%20scale.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042960.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042960.pdf
(0.08 MB) (84.95)
To better understand the linkage between sanitation and agriculture at municipal scale, a study was carried out that addressed the following research questions:- How does a larger investment in flush toilets affect water quality and urban farmers? - How much of the nutrient demand of urban farmers could be covered through waste composting?
10 United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) 2010. Solid waste management in the world’s cities: water and sanitation in the world’s cities 2010. London, UK: Earthscan. 228p.
Refuse ; Solid wastes ; Refuse disposal ; Waste disposal ; Health hazards ; Waste management ; Modernization ; Municipal refuse disposal ; Resource management ; Recycling ; Sanitation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.7285 G000 UNI Record No: H043159)
(0.60 MB)
In a rapidly urbanizing global society, solid waste management will be a key challenge facing all the world's cities. This publication provides a fresh perspective and new data on one of the biggest issues in urban development. Using the framework of Integrated Sustainable Waste Management, the report presents unprecedented research from 22 cities across six continents. It describes the rich diversity of waste management systems used throughout the world drawing out the practical lessons for policymakers. The volume is essential reading for all professionals and policymakers in the field and a valuable resource for researchers and students.
11 Haan, H. C.; Coad, A.; Lardinois, I. 1998. Municipal solid waste management involving micro and small enterprises: guidelines for municipal managers. Nieuwehaven, CW GOUDA, Netherlands: WASTE advisers on urban environment and development; Eschborn, Germany: GTZ; Geneva, Switzerland: ILO; St.Gallen, Switzerland: Swiss Resource Centre and Consultancies for Development (SKAT) 143p.
Waste management ; Guidelines ; Best practices ; Solid wastes ; Refuse ; Public sector ; Private sector ; Social participation ; Community involvement ; Contracts ; Policy ; Planning / Africa / Asia / Latin America / Caribbean
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043224)
(1.01 MB)
These guidelines are for managers, engineers and administrators who are responsible for municipal solid waste management and who are looking for ways to improve the service or economise. It covers the "why?" and "how?" of involving new entrepreneurs and small community-based groups in the collection of solid wastes (garbage) from streets, homes and businesses. The book is primarily concerned with situations found in middle- and lower-income countries, and draws extensively on experiences in Latin America, South-east Asia and Africa.
12 Jayawardena, L. P.; Mathur, S. 2005. Design approach to protect water resources from MSW disposal. Engineer, 38(4):32-51.
Water resource management ; Solid wastes ; Urban wastes ; Waste disposal ; Simulation models ; Waste management ; Landfill leachates ; Landfills / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H043273)
(1.25 MB)
13 Lal, B.; Sarma, P. M. (Eds.) 2011. Wealth from waste: trends and technologies. 3rd ed. New Delhi, India: TERI Press. 457p.
Waste management ; Industrial wastes ; Solid wastes ; Biomass ; Gasifiers ; Biofuels ; Plant oils ; Biodiesel ; Biogas ; Methane ; Environmental effects ; Environmental legislation ; Policy ; Bioreactors ; Wastewater treatment ; Economic aspects ; Case studies / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.728 G000 LAL Record No: H043791)
(0.35 MB)
14 Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka. Environment and Forest Conservation Division. (Comp.) 2002. Implementation programme on pollution abatement in Mahaweli River. Report on sub committee discussion. Polgolla, Sri Lanka: Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka, Environment and Forest Conservation Division. 49p.
Rivers ; Water pollution ; Waste management ; Solid wastes ; Industrial wastes / Sri Lanka / Mahaweli River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.483 G744 MAH Record No: H043896)
(0.07 MB)
15 Clark, J. W.; Viessman. W.; Hammer, M. J. 1977. Water supply and pollution control. 3rd ed. New York, NY, USA: Harper and Row. 857p.
Water supply ; History ; Water pollution ; Chemical treatment ; Biological treatment ; Pollutants ; Air pollution ; Solid wastes ; Groundwater ; Surface water ; Water distribution ; Water users ; Water use ; Water budget ; Water quality ; Models ; Water requirements ; Runoff ; Yields ; Reservoirs ; Pumping ; Sludges ; Processing ; Waste treatment ; Industrial wastes ; Wastewater treatment ; Filters ; Filtration ; Chemicals ; Water reuse ; Legal aspects ; Water rights ; Public health
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 CLA Record No: H043923)
(0.18 MB)
16 Fernando, Sudarshana; Drechsel, Pay; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Semasinghe, Cristina. 2014. Performance and potential of the public sector municipal solid waste compost plants in Sri Lanka [Abstract only] In Marambe, B; Abeyratne, F.; Amarasinghe, U. S.; Silva, G. L. L. P.; Alwis, P. L. A. G.; Chandrasiri, A. D. N.; Rajapaksha, R. M. C. P.; Abeysiriwardena, S.; Wijesundara, D. S. A.; Hewajulige, I. G. N.; Prematilake, K. G.; Niranjan, F. (Eds.). SLCARP International Agricultural Research Symposium, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 11-12 August 2014. Book of Abstracts. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Council for Agricultural Research Policy (SLCARP). pp.14.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046573)
The production of competitive high-quality composts from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and recovering at least operational and maintenance (O&M) cost of doing so are common challenges. A field study was conducted covering 13 public sector M5W compost plants in the country and their performance was assessed through semistructured interviews, and by exploring the challenges faced by the compost sector in general. To understand the potential of the industry, the quantities of nutrient recovered from the MSW collected and the amount of compost produced, which can actually be used as a soil conditioner and as an upgraded fertilizer blended with fecal sludge (FS), were estimated and compared with total nutrient demand from predominant farming systems. By considering the compost plant capacities the present compost potential in Sri Lanka is estimated as 200 tons/day. The nutrient values of the M5W compost are 0.9%,0.4% and 0.8% for N, P and K, respectively. If the MSW and FS co-composting is conducted the potential rice tones based on N,P,K values can be estimated as 44,000, 949,000 and 84,000 respectively. This is an increase of 130 %, 980 % and 290 % (with respect to N, P, and K) compared to the MSW compost. The actual sale to actual compost production is in the range of 1-100 %, with an average of 44 %. At present, most of the compost plants in operation in Sri Lanka are either medium or small scale. The present average cost recovery potential is as low as one-third of the O&M cost ofthe compost plant, with variances from 3 % to 106 %. It was evidenced that the capital cost cannot be recovered. This will possibly reduce further if large-scale compost plants were introduced in cities that are more mechanized and consume more energy. The study concluded that the MSW compost industry should try to (a) improve its value proposition by producing a competitive organic fertilizer, e.g. by blending the MSW input with F5, (b) perform a detailed market analyses to assess its production potential before any new plant is built, and (c) avoid over-sized plants and those that are heavily dependent on energy to keep production costs to a minimum.
17 Strande, L.; Ronteltap, M.; Brdjanovic, D. (Eds.) 2014. Faecal sludge management: systems approach for implementation and operation. London, UK: IWA Publishing. 403p.
Faeces ; Sewage sludge ; Waste management ; Wastewater treatment plants ; Technology ; Solid wastes ; Nutrients ; Organic recycling ; Stakeholders ; Institutions ; Financing ; Models ; Sanitation ; Assessment ; Sampling ; Case studies ; Health hazards ; Biological analysis ; Dewatering ; Sedimentation ; Biofuels ; Wastewater irrigation ; Composting ; Urban areas / West Africa / Ghana / South Africa / Uganda / Sierra Leone / Philippines / Senegal / Thailand / Burkina Faso / Kumasi / Durban / Dakar / Kampala / San Fernando / Accra / Ouagadougou
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.728 G000 STR Record No: H046586)
(0.65 MB)
18 Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Raman, R. 2014. Perspectives on urban sanitation, liveability and peri-urban futures of Indian cities. In Maheshwari, B.; Purohit, R.; Malano, H.; Singh, V. P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. (Eds.). The security of water, food, energy and liveability of cities: challenges and opportunities for peri-urban futures. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.181-200. (Water Science and Technology Library Volume 71)
Urbanization ; Periurban areas ; Rural population ; Sanitation ; Seepage ; Solid wastes ; Waste management
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046688)
(5.97 MB)
19 Unnisa, S. A.; Rav, S. B. (Eds.) 2013. Sustainable solid waste management. Oakville, ON, Canada: Apple Academic Press. 163p.
Solid wastes ; Waste management ; Urban wastes ; Sustainability ; Waste treatment ; Urban development ; Social behaviour ; Techniques ; Recycling ; Models ; Vermicomposting ; Assessment ; Case studies / Mexico / India / Nigeria / Eluru / Anambra State / Kamareddy
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.7282 G000 UNN Record No: H046748)
(0.28 MB)
20 Fernando, Sudarshana; Drechsel, Pay; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Semasinghe, Christina. 2014. Solid waste and septage co-composting as a pathway to cost and resource recovery in Sri Lanka. In Asian Institute of Technology (AIT). From toilet to source - Accelerating uptake of sustainable and integrated wastewater management solutions: proceedings of the 1st Specialist Conference on Municipal Water Management and Sanitation in Developing Countries, Bangkok, Thailand, 2-4 December 2014. London, UK: IWA Publishing; Bangkok, Thailand: Asian Institute of Technology. pp.246-252.
Solid wastes ; Urban wastes ; Composting ; Resource management ; Recycling ; Cost recovery ; Nutrients ; Faecal coliforms ; Sewage sludge ; Farmers / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046757)
(0.45 MB)
Due to its low nutrient content, compost from municipal solid waste (MS\I\1 qualifies mostly as a conditioner of soil physical properties than soil fertility. This limits the value proposition of the compost and its potential for cost recovery to maintain the compost stations. One way to enhance the compost value is to enrich it with nutrients. Given the increasing attention to fecal sludge (FS) management from septic tanks and latrines, co-composting of both waste streams could be a win-win option to increase the compost nutrient value. To assess the current situation of MSW composting and opportunities and acceptance of co-composting in Sri Lanka several field surveys were conducted including a study of 13 MSW compost plants and current septage management practices in 41 local authorities (LA), a detailed case study of an existing plant mixing MSW and FS, and a willingness to pay study among 257 farmers in proximity of a designated pilot co-composting station. The average cost recovery percentage of the existing compost plants was less than one third of the O&M costs in Sri Lanka with significant variations. The willingness to pay study indicated a high interest in enriched compost. Field trials showed that co-composting with septage could enhance the MSW compost nutrient value. For example, the Phosphorous content of 0.4% could be increased nearly 10 times. In general, co-composting could increase the financial sustainability of the existing compost plants to a substantial degree, while nutrient recovery from MSW without septage addition may not be financially sustainable. Pelletized co-compost could have an increased market value of 70%-1000,1, compare to the normal MSW compost.
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