Your search found 12 records
1 Simmons, Robert; Vinh, N. C.; Jensen, J. R. 2006. Cadmium in paddy soils and rice grain in Nam Dinh, Vietnam: a potential public health risk. In Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Jayakody, Priyantha (Eds.). Proceedings of Workshop on Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture in Vietnam: Water Management, Environment and Human Health Aspects, Hanoi, Vietnam, 4 May 2006. In English and Vietnamese. Hanoi, Vietnam: Agriculture Publishing House; Hanoi, Vietnam: Center for Participatory Irrigation Management (CPIM) of Vietnam Institute for Water Resources Research; Hanoi, Vietnam: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.163-170.
Rice ; Soil pollution ; Cadmium ; Public health ; Risks ; Wastewater ; Water reuse ; Irrigated farming / Vietnam / Nam Dinh / My Tan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G784 RAS Record No: H038718)
2 Hassan, A. A.; Birley, M. H.; Giroult, E.; Zghondi, R.; Khan, M. Z. A.; Bos, R. 2005. Environmental health impact assessment of development projects: A practical guide for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. Cairo, Egypt: WHO Regional office for the Eastern Mediterranean. 131p.
Health ; Risks ; Epidemiology ; Impact assessment ; Environmental effects ; Water pollution ; Pollution control ; Air pollution ; Soil pollution ; Urbanization ; Irrigation programs / Eastern Mediterranean Region
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 628 GG20 HAS Record No: H038960)
3 Mahjoub, O.; Bahri, Akissa; Gomez, E.; Fenet, H. 2008. Organic compounds in reclaimed water: soil, plant, and groundwater contamination caused by irrigation. In Qadir, Manzoor (Ed.). Sustainable management of wastewater for agriculture: proceedings of the First Bridging Workshop, Aleppo, Syria, 11-15 November 2007. Aleppo, Syria: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.70-75.
Water pollution ; Effluents ; Wastewater ; Groundwater ; Irrigation effects ; Soil pollution / Tunisia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G240 MAH Record No: H040621)
http://www.icarda.org/Announcement/2009/Int_Workshop_on_Saline_Water/2008ProcFirstBridgingWorkshop.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H040621.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H040621.pdf
(0.13 MB) (1.37MB)
Municipal sewage water vehicles a wide variety of emerging organic pollutants. Some can be of natural origin, but they are mainly considered as anthropogenic. After secondary biological treatment, organic pollutants may not completely degrade (as pharmaceuticals), or give metabolites more persistent than parent compounds (as alkylphenols), or react during sewage treatment process to be reactivated (as hormones, pharmaceuticals). Some of these contaminants have been shown to act as endocrine disruptors. In reclaimed waters, they have been detected at levels of ng to µg/l. In arid and semi-arid countries, effluent reuse is often promoted as an alternative water resource to meet agricultural water needs and to protect receiving waters and public health. Occurrence of emerging organic contaminants in reclaimed water and irrigated soils have been always overlooked in these regions. Even though, and depending on their physico-chemical properties, hydrophobic chemicals may accumulate at variable depth while the more polar ones may be transported through soil column and may reach groundwater. According to laboratory and field experiments, aquifer contamination should be of concern in some cases. Plant uptake of organic chemicals from irrigated soils have been investigated. Available data shows that contamination through uptake is of little concern for most toxic compounds.
4 Shah, M. A. L.; Rashid, M. A.; Harun-Ar-Rashid, M.; Mandal, M. R.; Ghani, M. A. (Eds.) 2004. Proceedings of the Workshop on Arsenic in the Food Chain: Assessment of Arsenic in the Water-Soil-Crop Systems, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 22 July 2004. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI). 74p.
Agricultural research ; Water pollution ; Soil pollution ; Arsenic ; Chemical contamination ; Food chains ; Crops ; Yields ; Groundwater ; GIS ; Mapping ; Rivers ; Sedimentation / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G584 SHA Record No: H044539)
(0.30 MB)
5 Duxbury, J. M.; Panaullah, G. M.; Zavala, Y. J. 2009. Impact of use of As-contaminated groundwater on soil As content and paddy rice production in Bangladesh. Taipei, Taiwan: Food and Fertilizer Technology Center (FFTC). 11p. (Food and Fertilizer Technology Center (FFTC) Technical Bulletin 180)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 8098 Record No: H044560)
(0.25 MB)
Arsenic (As) contamination of irrigation water and soils of Bangladesh was found to be highly variable at scales from the command area of a tubewell to nationwide. Spatial pattern in soil As at the command area scale was created as irrigation water was rapidly oxygenated and As adsorbed on precipitated ferric hydroxides. Complex relationships between irrigation water and soil As levels were found in an study of 5 upazilla. At the national scale, soil As was elevated in the Gangetic floodplain indicating deposition of As contaminated sediments from this river. The pattern of soil As concentrations was very different from that for irrigation water, which matched the published pattern for household tubewells. Arsenic was shown to be phytotoxic to all tested rice varieties in a farmer command area where there was a soil As gradient from 11-67 mg kg-1. Production of rice in a more aerobic environment on raised beds was able to substantially prevent phytotoxicity. Rice from the national and Upazilla surveys was found to be elevated in As compared to a global “normal” range for As in rice. Raised bed production reduced As concentrations in rice straw and grain to 15-30% and 0-50%, respectively, of the values found with conventional paddy production. With increasing grain arsenic levels, rice from Bangladesh contained primarily inorganic As species, whereas rice from the USA increasingly contained dimethyl arsinic acid which is considered to be much less toxic to humans than inorganic As. At Bangladesh rice consumption rates, almost all Bangladesh rice would provide more inorganic As to adults than that allowed by the WHO drinking water standard of 10 µg L-1 and comparable amounts to that allowed by the Bangladesh drinking water standard of 50 µg L-1.
6 Spinosa, L. (Ed.) 2011. Wastewater sludge: a global overview of the current status and future prospects. 2nd ed. London, UK: IWA Publishing. 92p.
Wastewater treatment ; Water pollution ; Sewage sludge ; Waste disposal ; Urban areas ; Sanitation ; Soil pollution ; Gasification ; Energy conversion / Europe / East Asia / South East Asia / USA / Canada / Latin America / China / Africa / Australasia / Belgium / Italy / Portugal / Russia / Turkey / Mexico / Brazil / Argentina / Chile / Colombia / South Korea / Malaysia / South Africa / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.7284 G000 SPI Record No: H046407)
(0.27 MB)
7 Natarajan, Rajmohan; Prathapar, Sanmugam A.; Jayaprakash, M.; Nagarajan, R. 2014. Vertical distribution of heavy metals in soil profile in a seasonally waterlogging agriculture field in eastern Ganges Basin. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186(9):5411-5427. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3790-x]
Soil profiles ; Heavy metals ; Waterlogging ; Soil pollution ; Sediment ; Contamination ; Clay ; Sandy soils / India / Bihar / Ganges River
(Location: IWMI Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046446)
(0.59 MB)
The accumulation of heavy metals in soil and water is a serious concern due to their persistence and toxicity. This study investigated the vertical distribution of heavy metals, possible sources and their relation with soil texture in a soil profile from seasonally waterlogged agriculture fields of Eastern Ganges basin. Fifteen samples were collected at ~0.90-m interval during drilling of 13.11 mbgl and analysed for physical parameters (moisture content and grain size parameters: sand, silt, clay ratio) and heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Ni and Cd). The average metal content was in the decreasing order of Fe>Mn>Cr>Zn>Ni>Cu>Co>Pb>Cd. Vertical distribution of Fe, Mn, Zn and Ni shows more or less similar trends, and clay zone records high concentration of heavy metals. The enrichment of heavy metals in clay zone with alkaline pH strongly implies that the heavy metal distributions in the study site are effectively regulated by soil texture and reductive dissolution of Fe and Mn oxy-hydroxides. Correlation coefficient analysis indicates that most of the metals correlate with Fe, Mn and soil texture (clay and silt). Soil quality assessment was carried out using geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF) and contamination factor (CF). The enrichment factor values were ranged between 0.66 (Mn) and 2.34 (Co) for the studied metals, and the contamination factor values varied between 0.79 (Mn) and 2.55 (Co). Results suggest that the elements such as Cu and Co are categorized as moderate to moderately severe contamination, which are further confirmed by Igeo values (0.69 for Cu and 0.78 for Co). The concentration of Ni exceeded the effects-range median values, and the biological adverse effect of this metal is 87 %. The average concentration of heavy metals was compared with published data such as concentration of heavy metals in Ganga River sediments, Ganga Delta sediments and upper continental crust (UCC), which apparently revealed that heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Cr, Pb, Zn and Cd are influenced by the dynamic nature of flood plain deposits. Agricultural practice and domestic sewage are also influenced on the heavy metal content in the study area.
8 Natarajan, Rajmohan; Prathapar, Sanmugam A. 2014. Extent of arsenic contamination and its impact on the food chain and human health in the eastern Ganges Basin: a review. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 47p. (IWMI Working Paper 161) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2014.224]
Arsenic ; Contamination ; Organic arsenic compounds ; Inorganic compounds ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Food chains ; Groundwater ; Water pollution ; Soil pollution ; Rice ; Irrigation water ; Drinking water ; Tube wells ; Ion exchange / India / Nepal / Bangladesh / Ganges Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046775)
(1 MB)
Exposure to arsenic and the use of arsenic-contaminated groundwater in agriculture causes serious health issues. Complete or partial contamination of groundwater is reported worldwide, especially in the Eastern Gangetic Basin (EGB). This study aims to create an overall assessment of arsenic contamination in the EGB based on existing literature, demarcate the extent of the affected area, highlight the impacts on the food chain and human health, and hopes the research will help in the better planning and management of groundwater. Although several studies have evaluated arsenic contamination of groundwater in the EGB, (a) there is no proper long-term monitoring being done in affected areas; (b) there is a debate to identify the exact source and transport processes of arsenic occurrence in this region; (c) there is no comprehensive method to estimate the level of arsenic contamination in soil, water and the food chain; and (d) Arsenic contamination in Bihar and Nepal is not evaluated systematically, especially arsenic accumulation in the food chain and human health issues. Data scarcity and accessibility are the major challenges in this region. Thus, this review recommends systematic monitoring and analysis of arsenic contamination in groundwater, soils and food across the EGB.
9 Natarajan, Rajmohan; Chakraborti, D.; Prathapar, S. 2016. Arsenic in the eastern Ganges Basin: extent and impact on food chain and human health. In Bharati, Luna; Sharma, Bharat R.; Smakhtin, Vladimir (Eds.). The Ganges River Basin: status and challenges in water, environment and livelihoods. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.205-221. (Earthscan Series on Major River Basins of the World)
Arsenic ; Contamination ; Groundwater ; Water pollution ; Inorganic compounds ; Toxicity ; Drinking water ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Food chains ; Rice ; Irrigation water ; Tube wells ; Soil pollution / India / Nepal / Bangladesh / Ganges Basin / Bihar / West Bengal / Terai Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047839)
10 Li, C.; Gan, Y.; Zhang, C.; He, H.; Fang, J.; Wang, L.; Wang, Y.; Liu, J. 2021. "Microplastic communities" in different environments: differences, links, and role of diversity index in source analysis. Water Research, 188:116574. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116574]
Microplastics ; Communities ; Freshwater ecosystems ; Marine environment ; Sea water ; Sediment ; Soil pollution ; Water pollution ; Polymers ; Risk assessment / China
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050135)
(2.95 MB)
Microplastics have been detected in various environments, yet the differences between microplastics in different environments are still largely unknown. Scientists have proposed the concept of the “microplastic cycle,” but the evidence for the movement of microplastics between different environments is still scarce. By screening the literature and extracting information, we obtained microplastic data from 709 sampling sites in freshwater, seawater, freshwater sediment, sea sediment, and soil in China. Based on the similarity between microplastics and biological communities, here we propose the concept of a “microplastic community” and examine the differences, links, and diversity of microplastic communities in different environments. Wilcoxon sign-ranks test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) showed that there were significant differences in abundance, proportion of small microplastics, and community composition (shape, color, and polymer types) of microplastics in different environments. The Mantel test showed that there were significant correlations between microplastic community composition in different environments. Network analysis based on community similarity further confirmed the links between microplastic communities. The distance decay models revealed that the links weakened with the increase of geographic distance, suggesting that sampling sites with closed geographical locations had similar pollution sources and more easily to migrate or exchange microplastics. The microplastic diversity integrated index (MDII) was established based on the diversity of microplastic shape, color, and polymer types, and its indication of the number of microplastic pollution sources was verified by the statistical fitting relationship between the number of industrial pollution sources and MDII. Our study provides new insight into the differences and links between microplastics in different environments, which contributes to the microplastic risk assessment and demonstrates the “microplastic cycle.” The establishment of the microplastic diversity integrated index could be used in source analysis of microplastics.
11 Kumar, A.; Ayedee, N. 2021. An interconnection between COVID-19 and climate change problem. Journal of Statistics and Management Systems, 21p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09720510.2021.1875568]
COVID-19 ; Climate change ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Pandemics ; Sustainability ; Economic aspects ; Environmental impact ; Soil pollution ; Water pollution ; Air pollution ; Biodiversity / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050233)
(0.80 MB)
The whole world is facing climate change, and many countries are facing the global epidemic of COVID-19. Human beings need to take proactive actions to deal with both COVID-19 and climate change problems, but they cannot take measures at the desired time. This paper will find a relationship between the climate change problem and the COVID-19 problem and a sustainable solution. This paper will be a review-based paper in which different news articles and previous studies review to attain research objectives. The research’s nature will be descriptive and exploratory because the researcher describes the COVID-19 epidemic and explores its link with the climate change problem. The research data has taken from secondary sources. This paper’s findings suggest that lockdown be the short-term solution to the COVID-19 problem, but it will halt the nation’s economy in the longer term. Due to lockdown, there is a reduction in pollution level, which is beneficial for the climate change problem. The researchers have observed certain similarities in curbing climate change and the COVID-19 problem. The pollution level of water, air, and soil pollution decreased. Still, in the longer term, nations need to find other solutions for dealing with COVID-19, which can be beneficial for the economy.
12 Lv, C.; Jue, Y.; Guo, X.; Ling, M.; Yan, D. 2022. Research on quantification method of water pollution ecological environment losses. AQUA - Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society, 71(6):709-721. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2022.002]
Water pollution ; Ecological factors ; Environmental factors ; Ecosystem services ; Energy ; Water resources ; Groundwater pollution ; Water quality ; Soil pollution ; Biodiversity ; Models / China / Henan / Kaifeng
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051264)
https://iwaponline.com/aqua/article-pdf/71/6/709/1065275/jws0710709.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051264.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051264.pdf
(0.75 MB) (764 KB)
Economic and social development have worsened the situation of water pollution and even the ecological environment. It is helpful to quantify the water pollution ecological environment losses for decision-makers to formulate reasonable pollution control plans. However, the current quantitative analyses led by economic methods are not comprehensive and systematic. Therefore, based on the emergy theory and method system of eco-economics, this study analyzed the internal energy flow process of the water-polluted ecosystem, discussed the composition of water-polluted ecological environment loss, and proposed a quantitative model of water-polluted ecological environment loss based on the emergy analysis method. It can reasonably quantify the ecological environment loss caused by water pollution and provide a reference for optimizing regional industrial layout, scientifically formulating pollution control planning, and promoting the sustainable development of the ecosystem. Taking Kaifeng City in Henan Province as an example, the rationality of the model is verified. The results show that the annual average total energy value of water pollution ecological environment loss in Kaifeng City is 3.83 × 1020sej, equivalent to 145 million yuan (0.76) of Kaifeng's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2018.
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