Your search found 43 records
1 Brown, D. J. 1997. Science vs. shifting cultivation in Sri Lanka: A social study of agricultural science. Thesis submitted to the Department of Geography, Graduate School, Pennsylvania State University, USA, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science. x, 142p.
Traditional farming ; Farming systems ; Shifting cultivation ; Dry farming ; Agricultural production ; Crop production ; History ; Colonialism ; Policy ; Rural development ; Geography ; Forestry ; Institution building ; Agricultural research ; Settlement ; Weed control ; Soil fertility / Sri Lanka / Anuradhapura District
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: D 338.1 G744 BRO Record No: H021758)
2 Singh, A. 1998. Watershed based management of land and water - An alternative to shifting cultivation. In Bhushan, L. S.; Abrol, I. P.; Rao, M. S. R. M. (Eds.), Soil and water conservation: Challenges and opportunities - Volume 2. New Delhi, India: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. pp.825-832.
Watershed management ; Traditional farming ; Farming systems ; Shifting cultivation ; Land use / India
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.4 G000 BHU Record No: H022734)
3 Gafur, A.; Jensen, J. R.; Borggaard, O. K.; Petersen, L. 2003. Runoff and losses of soil and nutrients from small watersheds under shifting cultivation (Jhum) in the Chittagong hill tracts of Bangladesh. Journal of Hydrology, 274:30-46.
Farming systems ; Shifting cultivation ; Traditional farming ; Runoff ; Watersheds ; Hydrology / Bangladesh / Chittagong
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 6225 Record No: H031205)
4 Robinson, D.M.; Sheila, J.M. 1992. Shifting cultivation and alternatives: An annotated bibliography, 1972-1989. UK: CABI. 281p.: ill.; 30 cm.
(Location: IWMI-SEA Call no: 631.5818016 GG50 ROB Record No: BKK-174)
5 Maitra, M. K. 2003. Ensuring shifts in shifting cultivation: The NEPED experience. Wastelands News, 18(3):34-37.
Farming systems ; Shifting cultivation ; Traditional farming ; Development projects ; Farmers’ attitudes ; Social aspects ; Gender / India / Nagaland
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 6236 Record No: H032227)
6 Borggaard, O. K.; Gafur, A.; Petersen, L. 2003. Sustainability appraisal of shifting cultivation in the Chittagong hill tracts of Bangladesh. Ambio, 32(2):118-123.
Shifting cultivation ; Cropping systems ; Farming systems ; Mountains ; Economic aspects ; Catchment areas ; Runoff / Bangladesh / Chittagong
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7016 Record No: H035451)
7 Yang, J. C.; Huang, J. H.; Pan, Q. M.; Tang, J. W.; Han, X. G. 2005. Soil phosphorus dynamics as influenced by land use changes in humid tropical, Southwest China. Pedosphere, 15(1):24-32.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7306 Record No: H036735)
8 Jyotishi, A. 2005. Transcending sustainability beyond CBA: Conceptual insights from empirical study on shifting cultivation in Orissa. Gota, Ahmedabad, India: Gujarat Institute of Development Research. iv, 22p. (GIDR working paper no.163)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7532 Record No: H038588)
9 Yamamoto, Y.; Oberthur, T.; Lefroy, R. 2006. Rainfed agriculture in Northern Laos: Identification of land use cycles in slash-and- burn agriculture by satellite imagery. In Ito, O.; Caldwell, J. S.; Oda, M.; Yamamoto, Y.; Hamada, H.; Nishida, T. (Eds.). Increasing economic options in rainfed agriculture in Indochina through efficient use of water resources. Tsukuba, Japan: JIRCAS. pp.1-6.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 630 G800 ITO Record No: H039161)
10 Clement, Floriane; Amezaga, J. M.; Orange, Didier; Toan, T. D.; Large, A. R. G.; Calder, I. R. 2006. Reforestation policies and upland allocation in northern Vietnam: an institutional approach for understanding farmer strategies and land use change. Paper presented at the International Symposium, Towards Sustainable Livelihoods and Ecosystems in Mountainous Regions, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 7-9 March 2006. 17p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 333.75 G784 CLE Record No: H039286)
11 Thimmappa, K.; Mahesh, N. 2006. Conservation farming as an alternative to shifting cultivation in Meghalaya: An economic evaluation. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 61(3):297-304.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H039410)
12 Das, D. 2006. Demystifying the myth of shifting cultivation: Agronomy in the North-East. Economic and Political Weekly, 41(47):4912-4917.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7682 Record No: H039459)
13 Lestrelin, Guillaume; Giordano, Mark. 2006. Approaching land degradation in the uplands of Laos: Looking beyond the proximate causes. In International Symposium, Towards Sustainable Livelihoods and Ecosystems in Mountainous Regions. Chiang Mai, Thailand, 7-9 March 2006. 12p.
Land degradation ; Environmental policy ; Land use ; Villages ; Erosion ; Cropping systems ; Farming systems ; Shifting cultivation ; Case studies / Laos / Ban Lak Sip
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 363.7 G708 LES Record No: H039630)
14 Clement, Floriane; Amezaga, Jaime M.; Orange, Didier; Toan, Tran Duc. 2007. The impact of government policies on land use in northern Vietnam: an institutional approach for understanding farmer decisions. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 21p. (IWMI Research Report 112) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.112]
Land use ; Public policy ; Reforestation ; Farmers ; Decision making ; Land management ; Shifting cultivation ; Villages / Vietnam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.7313 G784 CLE Record No: H040277)
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This report identifies the driving forces for reforestation in three villages of Northern Vietnam. Using an institutional analysis focused on the rules governing upland access and use, the authors assess the relative impact of state policies (reforestation programs and forestland allocation) on land use change. Findings show that the latter are indirectly responsible for reforestation, but not because of the incentives they provided. Instead, they disrupted the local rules governing annual crop cultivation and grazing activities leading to the end of annual cropping. Tree plantation was chosen by farmers as a last resort option. Lessons learned highlight the importance of local level studies and collective rules for land management.
15 Denmark. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Danida. 1989. A strategy for agriculture in humid areas. Copenhagen, Denmark: Danida. 66p.
Farming systems ; Shifting cultivation ; Irrigated farming ; Pest control ; Livestock / Eastern Africa / South Asia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 630 G000 DEN Record No: H040398)
16 FAO. 1986. Strategies, approaches and systems in integrated watershed management. Rome, Italy: FAO. 232p. (FAO Conservation Guide 14)
Watershed management ; Planning ; Rehabilitation ; Forestry ; Hydrology ; Shifting cultivation ; Agroforestry ; Social participation ; Training
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 F000 FAO Record No: H040406)
17 Rumpel, C.; Gonzalez-Perez, J. A.; Bardoux, G.; Largeau, C.; Gonzalez-Vila, F. J.; Valentin, Christian. 2007. Composition and reactivity of morphologically distinct charred materials left after slash-and- burn practices in agricultural tropical soils. Organic Geochemistry, 38:911–920.
Forest soils ; Nitrogen ; Carbon ; Shifting cultivation ; Forest fires ; Wildfires / Laos / Houay Pano watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 630 G708 RUM Record No: H040753)
The composition of black carbon (BC) was studied up to now using laboratory experiments, which often fail to reproduce conditions occurring in natural fires. We sampled plant material and two BC fractions produced during slash and burn agriculture from two adjacent sites. A coarse fraction (CF), most probably derived from twigs and stems, was differentiated from lighter, fluffy fine material (FF). The samples were analysed for elemental and isotopic composition and their reactivity using acid hydrolysis and acid dichromate oxidation. The chemical composition of the samples was studied by 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy and analytical pyrolysis. The lignin content of the samples was determined after CuO oxidation. The two BC fractions were higher in carbon than the plant material. On an ash-free basis the CF and FF sampled from the two different sites had remarkably similar elemental contents. Stable isotope ratios of carbon showed enrichment or depletion depending on the morphological fraction under C3 vegetation. The ratios tended to be depleted in 13C with regards to the plant material in both fractions for samples taken under C4 vegetation. The reactivity of BC towards dichromate oxidation and acid hydrolysis was lower for CF compared to FF. 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy showed that BC fractions were aromatic but could also show substantial contribution from alkyl and O-alkyl C. Analytical pyrolysis and CuO oxidation indicated that part of the lignin backbone was remaining in all BC
18 Chaplot, V.; Khampaseuth, X.; Valentin, Christian; Le Bissonnais, Y. 2007. Interrill erosion in the sloping lands of northern Laos subjected to shifting cultivation. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 32(3):415-428.
Erosion ; Runoff ; Soil crusts ; Soil properties ; Shifting cultivation ; Sloping land ; Runoff ; Land use ; Land management / South East Asia / Laos
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.45 G708 CHA Record No: H040754)
In this study our main objective was to quantify water interrill erosion in the sloping lands of Southeast Asia, one of the most bio-geochemically active regions of the world. Investigations were performed on a typical hillslope of Northern Laos subjected to slash and burn agriculture practiced as shifting cultivation. Situations with different periods of the shifting cultivation cycle (secondary forest, upland rice cultivation following a four-year fallow period and three-year continuous upland rice cultivation) and soil orders (Ultisols, Alfisols, Inceptisols) were selected. One metre square micro-plots were installed to quantify the soil material removed by either detachment of entire soil aggregate or aggregate destruction, and the detached material transported by thin sheet flow, the main mechanisms of interrill erosion. In addition, laboratory tests were carried out to quantify the aggregate destruction in the process of water erosion by slaking, dispersion and mechanical breakdown. The average runoff coefficient (R) evaluated throughout the 2002 rainy season was 30·1 per cent and the interrill erosion was 1413 g m-2 yr-1 for sediments and 68 g C m-2 yr-1 for soil organic carbon, which was relatively high. Among the mechanisms of interrill water erosion, aggregate destruction was low and mostly caused by mechanical breakdown due to raindrops, thus leading to the conclusion that detachment and further transport by the shallow runoff of macro-aggregates predominates. R ranged from 23·1 to 35·8 per cent. It decreased with the proportion of mosses on the soil surface and soil surface coverage, and increased with increasing proportion of structural crust, thus confirming previous results. Water erosion varied from 621 to 2433 g m-2 yr-1 for sediments and from 31 to 146 g C m-2 yr-1 for soil organic carbon, and significantly increased with increasing clay content of the surface horizon, probably due to the formation of easily detachable and transportable sand-size aggregates, and proportion of macro-aggregates not embedded in the soil matrix and prone to transport. In addition, water erosion decreased with increasing proportion of structural crusts, probably due to their higher hardness, and when cultivation follows a fallow period rather than after a long period of cultivation due to the greater occurrence of algae on the soil surface, which affords physical protection and greater aggregate stability through binding and gluing. This study based on simultaneous field and laboratory investigations allowed successful identification and quantification of the main erosion mechanisms and controlling factors of interrill erosion, which will give arguments to further set up optimal strategies for sustainable use of the sloping lands of Southeast Asia.
19 Wijerathna, Deeptha; Jayakody, Priyantha. 2007. High tank dual canal system: an innovative approach of water allocation for a water scarce region. Paper presented at the South Asia Water Conference on Water Access and Conflicts: implications for governance in South Asia, Chennai, India, 21-23 March 2007. 24p.
Irrigation programs ; Tanks ; Irrigation canals ; Design ; Water allocation ; Water distribution ; Paddy fields ; Rice ; Sugarcane ; Water requirements ; Water conservation ; Cropping systems ; Shifting cultivation ; Income distribution / Sri Lanka / Uda Walawe Irrigation Project / Rathnapura District / Moneragala District / Hambantota District / Mayurapura / Sooriyawewa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.1 G744 WIJ Record No: H040864)
This paper discusses the importance of equitable water allocation for all farmers of an irrigation system. It addresses the potential and relevance of high tank dual canal systems for equitable allocation of scarce land and water resources to alleviate poverty. Recent irrigation settlement projects in Sri Lanka have significantly contributed to poverty alleviation. Yet, a considerable number of farm households in these settings face transient or chronic poverty while some others are well off. Inequities of resource allocation and inefficiencies in resource use are two main reasons for this. In a given agricultural settlement potential for crop production is not unique to all parts of the land. It varies with soil conditions, terrain, elevation and ease of obtaining irrigation water. Availability of water for tail-enders depends on total stock of water available in the system as well as usage of head-enders. Although all farmers would prefer land at the head end, with the increasing pressure on land more and more people have had to be settled at the tail end. Further, lands that were once abandoned due to low productivity, difficulties in irrigation etc have also had to be used by utilizing alternative technologies. Another problem that features in the Sri Lankan contest is almost all farmers have a tendency to cultivate staple food of rice in their fields. Rice needs huge amounts of water compared to other crops and when unsuitable lands are used, it results in huge losses. Uda Walawe Irrigation project in Sri Lanka is a water-short irrigation system which has hardly enough water to irrigate its total command area. This has forced downstream developers to come up with innovative ways of water allocation to ensure equitable amounts of water for all farmers in the command area. The high-tank dual canal system introduced under the extension and rehabilitation project of the Walawe left bank is one novel approach which attempts to maximize resource use with equitable distribution. It helps to solve two basic resource based conflicts; demand for water and fertile land. Tanks with this system consists of four main canals; two each from left and right banks, instead of only two main canals in conventional system. Two canals; one from each bank is allocated to provide water for paddy lands while the other two canals provide water for non paddy crops. The quantity of water release and the interval of water release are low for the non paddy crops. Firstly, this new system reduces conflicts among farmers within the command area for water and land allocation. Secondly, planned and careful water use of these farmer groups release some water for some other water uses of the tail end of the main irrigation system. This paper analyzes the potential of new approach in saving water and providing equitable allocation of land and water resources. It estimates level of poverty with and without new technique to analyze the relevance of the approach in reducing poverty with equitable income distribution.
20 Sengtaheuanghoung, O.; Valentin, Christian; Ribolzi, Olivier; de Rouw, Anneke; Thiebaux, Jean-Pierre. 2007. The impact of rapid land use changes upon sediment yields from agricultural catchments in northern Lao PDR. Actes des JSIRAUF, Hanoi, Vietnam, 6-9 novembre 2007. 5p.
Catchment areas ; Sedimentation ; Land use ; Cropping systems ; Shifting cultivation ; Rain ; Runoff / Laos / Houay Pano catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G708 SEN Record No: H040865)
To provide data that are lacking at the catchment scale, outflow and sediment yield have Been monitored from 8 small (0.5-64 ha) rural catchments since 2001 in northern Lao PDR. Soil conservation strategies have been developed and tested on three of these catchments. Results clearly show that sediment yields can be reduced from 5-11 Mg ha-1 yr-1 under the current slash and burn system to nearly nil when appropriate practices are selected. These include improved fallow systems based on legumes. These innovative practices rehabilitate degraded land and enhance water quality.
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