Your search found 10 records
1 Knight, J.; Thomas, R.; Angus, B.; Case, J. 2012. Project management for profit: a failsafe guide to keeping projects on track and on budget. Boston, MA, USA: Harvard Business Review Press. 180p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 658.404 G000 KNI Record No: H045003)
(0.28 MB)
2 Garrido, R. J. S. 2015. Price for domestic water supply: an innovative method developed for the Tucano aquifer in the State of Bahia, Brazil. In Dinar, A.; Pochat, V.; Albiac-Murillo, J. (Eds.). Water pricing experiences and innovations. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. pp.407-429. (Global Issues in Water Policy Volume 9)
Domestic water ; Water supply ; Water demand ; Water rates ; Pricing ; Enterprises ; Costs ; Labour ; Electrical energy ; Supervision ; Maintenance ; Wells ; Amortization ; Profit / Brazil / Bahia / Tucano Aquifer
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H047134)
This chapter analyzes the pricing of bulk water extracted from the Tucano aquifer in the semiarid region of Bahia, Brazil, using the optimizing economic behavior agent model. The starting point is a set of demand and supply equations on groundwater that is pumped from the aquifer and used for domestic supply. The main goal of this chapter is to offer bulk water tariff levels through a methodology especially adequate to a region that, due to the scarcity of this natural resource as well as the level of poverty that characterizes the region, demands more and more application of mechanisms that contribute to the efficiency of its use, while ensuring adequate prices to be paid by poor families.
3 Getnet, Kindie; Haileslassie, Amare; Dessalegn, Y. 2015. Profit and financial risk in the smallholder irrigated agriculture of Ethiopia. Nairobi, Kenya: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) 23p.
Irrigated farming ; Agriculture ; Financing ; Risk management ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Farm income ; Investment ; Profit ; Business management ; Crop yield / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047468)
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/68293/LIVES_workingPaper_4.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047468.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047468.pdf
(557.09 KB)
4 Varughese, S.; Prasad, K. V. D. 2017. Water trading opportunities and irrigation technology choice: an example from South India. Water Resources and Rural Development, 9:39-45. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wrr.2017.02.002]
Water market ; Irrigation methods ; Technology ; Water transfer ; Water supply ; Desalination ; Groundwater ; Prices ; Farmers ; Agricultural production ; Rice ; Profit ; State intervention ; Econometric models / India / Tamil Nadu / Puducherry / Varahanadi Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048195)
(0.27 MB)
Farmers as well as rural and urban consumers in India are facing water shortages. There is a need to increase efficiency in the supply and use of water. In this context, we consider the potential of a market in water, for improving water management in a small river basin wherein sixteen villages are the primary beneficiaries of a reservoir on the Varaha River.
Using secondary data and observations from a household survey, we estimate the financial implications to farmers of shifting from traditional methods of cultivation, in four different scenarios (shifting to a better technology for cultivation, shifting to a dry land crop, shifting to short term cash crops, or leaving the land fallow).
Our model suggests investing in better technology and less water intensive crops would not only benefit the farmers, adding to their income by selling the “saved” water, but also provide a cost efficient alternative water supply option to the government. Given that informal water markets already exist in the study area, formal transactions in water within the ambit of markets will not require a completely new institution and would be a ‘win-win’ situation for both the Government and the participating farmers.
Using secondary data and observations from a household survey, we estimate the financial implications to farmers of shifting from traditional methods of cultivation, in four different scenarios (shifting to a better technology for cultivation, shifting to a dry land crop, shifting to short term cash crops, or leaving the land fallow).
Our model suggests investing in better technology and less water intensive crops would not only benefit the farmers, adding to their income by selling the “saved” water, but also provide a cost efficient alternative water supply option to the government. Given that informal water markets already exist in the study area, formal transactions in water within the ambit of markets will not require a completely new institution and would be a ‘win-win’ situation for both the Government and the participating farmers.
5 Bhargava, A. K.; Vagen, T.; Gassner, A. 2018. Breaking ground: unearthing the potential of high-resolution, remote-sensing soil data in understanding agricultural profits and technology use in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Development, 105:352-366. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.07.015]
Farm income ; Profit ; Technological changes ; Remote sensing ; Soil organic matter ; Carbon ; Fertilizer application ; Farmers ; Rural areas ; Poverty ; Land valuation ; Regression analysis / Africa South of Sahara / Tanzania
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048765)
(1.43 MB)
There is a growing interest in how land degradation affects the welfare of the rural poor, especially where environmental conditions continue to worsen and the future of ecosystem health remains uncertain. Nowhere is this more important than in sub-Saharan Africa, where rural poverty remains high and pressure on natural resources continues to build. At the same time, generating more agricultural profits on this land remains crucial to reducing poverty. This research asks how changing land quality, as measured by soil organic carbon (SOC) content, affects agricultural profitability and agricultural technology adoption for poor farmers in Tanzania. It is the first to match high-resolution, remote-sensing soil data to nationally representative household-plot surveys, using the World Bank’s Living Standards Measurement Study and World Agroforestry Centre’s Land Degradation Surveillance Framework. We employ a household fixed effects model that isolates SOC contributions to plot-level agricultural profits, finding positive changes of $7–8 per acre per year for each gram per kilogram change in SOC, with higher sensitivity to SOC differences for farmers with worse quality land. SOC and fertilizer use also exhibit a positive synergistic interaction with plot-level agricultural profits. Despite this, however, we find that SOC levels do not factor into fertilizer adoption decisions, and land quality has a smaller role in how farmers assign value to their land compared to how it contributes to profits. Partly because of a lack of matched, high-resolution, and nationally representative environmental and socioeconomic data, researchers and policymakers typically have not been able to include land quality as a primary dimension on which to analyze agricultural profitability and technology use in sub-Saharan Africa. We conclude that this should be a major factor in both targeting rural development and environmental policies and understanding impacts of long-run land health declines on the world’s poor.
6 Balana, Bedru B.; Bizimana, J.-C.; Richardson, J. W.; Lefore, Nicole; Adimassu, Zenebe; Herbst, B. K. 2020. Economic and food security effects of small-scale irrigation technologies in northern Ghana. Water Resources and Economics, 29:100141. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wre.2019.03.001]
Household food security ; Small scale systems ; Irrigation systems ; Economic situation ; Farm income ; Smallholders ; Nutrition ; Crop production ; Crop yield ; Seasonal cropping ; Agricultural production ; Water management ; Water availability ; Profit ; Pumps ; Climate change ; Feasibility studies ; Household consumption ; Food consumption / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049159)
(2.64 MB)
Small-scale irrigation (SSI) technologies can be useful not only to increase crop productivity and income but also as a viable adaptation practice to climate variability. A farm simulation model (FARMSIM) and data from selected SSI technologies piloted in northern Ghana under the ‘Feed the Future-Innovation Lab for Small Scale Irrigation’ (ILSSI) project were used to assess the economic feasibility of the SSI technologies and their potential to improve income and nutrition of smallholder farm households. Three dry season irrigated crops (onion, corchorus, amaranthus) grown under three agricultural water management regimes were analysed. Results show that adoption of the SSI technologies could increase the net farm profit by 154%–608% against the baseline depending on the ‘crop type - SSI technology’ combination. Nutrition levels also improved significantly as a result of the improvements in crop yields due to irrigation and use of complementary inputs. However, the results further reveal that the options that utilize capital-intensive SSI technologies such as solar-powered water pumps to grow high value cash crops are constrained by the high investment cost. Currently, farmers tend to choose low-cost SSI technologies such as a traditional watering-cans, which generate low economic returns. Improving access to credit or alternative financing schemes could mitigate the capital constraints and enable smallholders to gain more benefits from participating in market-oriented high-value irrigated production.
7 Raina, A.; Zhao, J.; Wu, X.; Kunwar, L.; Whittington, D. 2019. The structure of water vending markets in Kathmandu, Nepal. Water Policy, 21(S1):50-75. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.181]
Water market ; Market structure ; Water supply ; Supply chain ; Water rates ; Pricing ; Drinking water ; Bottled water ; Pipes ; Tanks ; Profit ; Households ; Dry season ; Wet season / Nepal / Kathmandu Valley
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049460)
(0.63 MB)
To date, there has been limited empirical research on the structure of informal water vending markets in developing countries. From fieldwork conducted in Kathmandu in 2014, including a survey of different types of water vendors, household interviews, and in-depth interviews with key informants, we provide a detailed description of the activities of multiple types of water vendors and examine the profitability of tanker truck vendors and water source vendors. We find that several distinctive markets operate along the supply chain between source water and end users. We conclude that a detailed understanding of the different vending activities in which water vendors engage is essential to the design of public sector policy interventions aimed at improving performance in informal water markets.
8 Vij, S.; John. A.; Barua, A. 2019. Whose water? whose profits?: the role of informal water markets in groundwater depletion in peri-urban Hyderabad. Water Policy, 21(5):1081-1095. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.129]
Water resources ; Water market ; Informal sector ; Profit ; Groundwater ; Water depletion ; Economic aspects ; Periurban areas ; Farmers ; Villages / India / Hyderabad / Kokapet / Adibatla / Malkaram
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049462)
https://iwaponline.com/wp/article-pdf/21/5/1081/614407/021051081.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049462.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049462.pdf
(0.36 MB) (372 KB)
Urbanising cities of India are engulfing the peri-urban land and water resources. Informal water sellers, who transfer water from peri-urban to urban areas, meet the growing water demand in Hyderabad, one of the fastest growing cities in India. This article qualitatively explores how informal water tankers are changing the flows of water, posing challenges to water access for peri-urban residents. We conclude that apart from the state's infrastructural and capacity challenges to provide piped water, power interplay between actors is responsible for the mushrooming of informal water markets. The transfer of water has contributed to groundwater depletion as well as to the water insecurity of peri-urban residents.
9 Bellwood-Howard, I.; Ansah, I. G. K.; Donkoh, S. A.; Korbeogo, G. 2021. Managing seasonality in West African informal urban vegetable markets: the role of household relations. Journal of International Development, 20p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3562]
Agricultural products ; Markets ; Vegetables ; Informal sector ; Marketing ; Seasonality ; Profit ; Urban agriculture ; Farmers ; Gender ; Role of women ; Households ; Livelihoods ; Social aspects ; Policies / West Africa / Burkina Faso / Ghana / Mali / Bamako / Ouagadougou / Tamale
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050502)
(1.80 MB)
Seasonality influences African informal agricultural markets, but existing literature inadequately explores its interactions with market actors' social relations and livelihood outcomes. Thus, agricultural commercialisation policy ineffectively supports such actors to manage seasonality. Across Bamako, Ouagadougou and Tamale, we conducted interviews, focus group discussions, and a survey of farmer and marketer profits across seasons. Hot, dry season lettuce transactions performed by marketers are more likely to make profit. Farmers and marketers rely on household and community relations and reproduce gendered skills to optimise profit and secure future income streams. Policies supporting household reproduction, and infrastructure, may best support their marketing activity.
10 Michalscheck, Mirja; Kizito, F.; Kotu, B. H.; Avornyo, F. K.; Timler, C.; Groot, J. C. J. 2023. Preparing for, coping with and bouncing back after shocks. A nuanced resilience assessment for smallholder farms and farmers in northern Ghana. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 21(1):2241283. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2023.2241283]
Sustainable intensification ; Vulnerability ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Resilience ; Coping strategies ; Economic shock ; Climate change ; Drought ; Crops ; Fall armyworms ; Labour shortage ; Risk reduction ; Technology ; Farm models ; Soil organic matter ; Gender ; Livestock ; Profit / Ghana / Duko
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052161)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/14735903.2023.2241283?needAccess=true&role=button
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052161.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052161.pdf
(5.29 MB) (5.29 MB)
Smallholder farmers in Northern Ghana regularly face shocks, challenging the sustainability of their farms and livelihoods. Different farm households and household members may be differently affected and respond with different coping strategies. We combined whole-farm modelling and farmer consultations to investigate the vulnerability, buffer and adaptive capacity of three farm types in Northern Ghana towards severe climate, economic and social shocks. We further assessed intrahousehold differences in respective risk mitigation and coping strategies. Our model results indicate that the drought shock would most severely affect all farm types, drastically reducing their operating profits and soil organic matter balance. The medium resource endowed farm was most affected by shocks, but all farm types could enhance their capacity to recover by adopting technology packages for sustainable intensification. Gendered coping strategies included livestock sales, post-harvest storage, activating social networks, rice processing and the collection, processing and sales of wild nuts and fruits. Farmers reported to aim at becoming more resilient by increasing their herd size and expanding their farmland, thereby risking to increase rather than reduce the pressure on natural resources. New questions arise concerning the carrying capacity of local ecosystems and resilience at community and landscape level.
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