Your search found 19 records
1 Pradhan, P. 1996. Distributary level water users associations in pilot projects for farmer-managed irrigated agriculture, Punjab and Sindh Provinces, Pakistan. Consultancy report. Lahore, Pakistan: International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI). Pakistan National Program. iii, 34p. (IIMI Pakistan Report C-5)
Water user associations ; Farmer managed irrigation systems ; Pilot projects ; Participatory management ; Farmer participation ; Social organization ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Farmer-agency interactions / Pakistan / Punjab Province / Sindh Province
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IIMI 631.7.3 G730 PRA Record No: H009186)
2 Tulu, M.; Boelee, Eline; Taddesse, G.; Peden, D.; Aredo, D. 2008. Estimation of livestock, domestic use, and crop water productivities of SG-2000 Water Harvesting Pilot Projects in Ethiopia. In Humphreys, E.; Bayot, R. S.; van Brakel, M.; Gichuki, F.; Svendsen, M.; Wester, P.; Huber-Lee, A.; Cook, S. Douthwaite, B.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Johnson, N.; Nguyen-Khoa, Sophie; Vidal, A.; MacIntyre, I.; MacIntyre, R. (Eds.). Fighting poverty through sustainable water use: proceedings of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food, 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10-14 November 2008. Vol.2. Increasing rainwater productivity; Multi-purpose water systems. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. pp.88-91.
Water harvesting ; Pilot projects ; Water use ; Multiple use ; Households ; Domestic water ; Livestock ; Crop production ; Water productivity ; Farming systems / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G000 HUM Record No: H041726)
http://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/3707/IFWF2_proceedings_Volume%20II.pdf?sequence=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041726.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041726.pdf
(7.092MB)
3 Campanaro, A.; Rodriguez, D. J.; Amilpa, E. A.; Loaeza, E. G.; Arronte, P. 2014. Strengthening the financial system for water in Mexico: from a conceptual framework to the formulation of pilot initiatives. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank. 85p. (World Bank Water Papers 89153)
Water management ; Financing ; Water use ; Water supply ; Water rights ; Sanitation ; Legal aspects ; Pilot projects ; Public-private cooperation ; Funding ; Investment ; Disaster risk management ; Climate change ; Agricultural sector / Mexico
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046879)
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2014/06/30/000442464_20140630094205/Rendered/PDF/891530WSP0Box385266B00PUBLIC0.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046879.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046879.pdf
(1.52 MB) (1.52 MB)
4 Tinh, B. D.; Tuan, T. H.; Tran, P. 2014. Evaluation of the impact of pilot Payments for Forest Environmental Services (PFES) in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam. In Lebel, L.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Krittasudthacheewa, C.; Daniel, R. (Eds.). Climate risks, regional integration and sustainability in the Mekong region. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre (SIRDC); Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI). pp.270-284.
Forest resources ; Environmental services ; User charges ; Households ; Income ; Poverty ; Labor ; Catchment areas ; Forest protection ; Pilot projects ; Models / Vietnam / Lam Dong Province
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI, e-copy SF Record No: H046921)
(1.87 MB)
5 Prasad, J. D.; Gangaiah, B.; Chandra, K. S. (Eds.) 2015. Agricultural risk management. Hyderabad, India: Centre for Good Governance; Hyderabad, India: B.S. Publications. 384p. [Based on presentations made at the National Seminar on Agricultural Risk Management: Challenges and Strategies in Making Small and Marginal Farm holdings Sustainable and Profitable, Hyderabad, India, 3-4 January 2014]
Sustainable agriculture ; Risk management ; Strategies ; Small scale farming ; Smallholders ; Climate change ; Farming systems ; Rainfed farming ; Farmers associations ; Agricultural development ; Crop insurance ; Diversification ; Pilot projects ; Agricultural population ; Agricultural policy ; Information and communication technologies (ICTs) ; Agricultural trade ; Financing ; Profitability ; Institutions ; Land ownership ; Living standards ; Rural areas ; Case studies / India / Andhra Pradesh / Odisha
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 630.68 G635 PRA Record No: H047068)
(0.45 MB)
6 Buurman, J.; Santhanakrishnan, D. 2017. Opportunities and barriers in scaling up of 24/7 urban water supply: the case of Karnataka, India. Water Policy, 19(6):1189-1205. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2017.191]
Water supply ; Urban areas ; Water policy ; Pilot projects ; Project design ; Barriers ; Stakeholders ; Public-private cooperation ; Institutions ; Technology assessment ; Environmental factors ; Case studies / India / Karnataka Urban Water Sector Improvement Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048379)
(0.37 MB)
Scaling up pilot projects providing continuous water supply to households in Indian cities has proved challenging. This study identifies opportunities and barriers in scaling up, in order to derive recommendations for bridging the gap between testing policy innovations and bringing projects to scale. We analyse pilot design, required resources, and drivers of stakeholders, institutions and the environment for a case study in Karnataka and find a wide range of factors that affect adoption of 24/7 water supply. Upscaling should be tailor-made for each area, which requires space, scope and capacity to be created for local involvement.
7 Asian Development Bank (ADB). 2017. Developing renewable energy mini-grids in Myanmar: a guidebook. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank (ADB). 66p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.22617/TIM178951]
Renewable energy ; Energy generation ; Energy resources ; Solar energy ; Water power ; Biomass ; Energy demand ; Technology ; Pilot projects ; Maintenance ; Businesses ; Models ; Economic analysis ; Community involvement ; Gender mainstreaming ; Capacity building ; Villages / Myanmar / Magway / Mandalay / Sagaing
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048600)
https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/391606/developing-renewable-mini-grids-myanmar-guidebook.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048600.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048600.pdf
(2.56 MB) (2.56 MB)
8 Alam, Mohammad Faiz; Pavelic, Paul; Sharma, Navneet; Sikka, Alok. 2020. Managed aquifer recharge of monsoon runoff using village ponds: performance assessment of a pilot trial in the Ramganga Basin, India. Water, 12(4):1028. (Special issue: Managed Aquifer Recharge for Water Resilience) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w12041028]
Groundwater recharge ; Aquifers ; Pilot projects ; Performance evaluation ; Monsoon climate ; Runoff ; Flood irrigation ; Drought ; Groundwater table ; Water storage ; Groundwater depletion ; Villages ; Ponds ; Infiltration ; Wells ; Maintenance ; Canals ; Rain / India / Indo-Gangetic Plain / Uttar Pradesh / Ramganga Basin / Jiwai Jadid
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049656)
(1.78 MB) (1.78 MB)
The managed aquifer recharge (MAR) of excess monsoonal runoff to mitigate downstream flooding and enhance groundwater storage has received limited attention across the Indo-Gangetic Plain of the Indian subcontinent. Here, we assess the performance of a pilot MAR trial carried out in the Ramganga basin in India. The pilot consisted of a battery of 10 recharge wells, each 24 to 30 m deep, installed in a formerly unused village pond situated adjacent to an irrigation canal that provided river water during the monsoon season. Over three years of pilot testing, volumes ranging from 26,000 to 62,000 m3 were recharged each year over durations ranging from 62 to 85 days. These volumes are equivalent to 1.3–3.6% of the total recharge in the village, and would be sufficient to irrigate 8 to 18 hectares of rabi season crop. High inter-year variation in performance was observed, with yearly average recharge rates ranging from 430 to 775 m3 day-1 (164–295 mm day-1 ) and overall average recharge rates of 580 m3 day-1 (221 mm day-1 ). High intra-year variation was also observed, with recharge rates at the end of recharge period reducing by 72%, 88% and 96% in 2016, 2017 and 2018 respectively, relative to the initial recharge rates. The observed inter- and intra-year variability is due to the groundwater levels that strongly influence gravity recharge heads and lateral groundwater flows, as well as the source water quality, which leads to clogging. The increase in groundwater levels in response to MAR was found to be limited due to the high specific yield and transmissivity of the alluvial aquifer, and, in all but one year, was difficult to distinguish from the overall groundwater level rise due to a range of confounding factors. The results from this study provide the first systematic, multi-year assessment of the performance of pilot-scale MAR harnessing village ponds in the intensively groundwater irrigated, flood prone, alluvial aquifers of the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
9 Benin, S.; Karugia, J.; Matchaya, Greenwell; Yade, M. 2020. Improving data quality for the CAADP [Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme] biennial review: a partnership initiative piloted in five countries. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 54p. (IFPRI Discussion Paper 01925) [doi: https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133715]
Data management ; Agricultural development ; Pilot projects ; Development programmes ; Partnerships ; Planning ; Assessment ; Indicators ; Standards ; Knowledge management ; Policy making ; Hunger ; Strategy planning ; Stakeholders ; Training ; Organizations / Kenya / Malawi / Mozambique / Senegal / Togo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049714)
https://www.ifpri.org/cdmref/p15738coll2/id/133715/filename/133927.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049714.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049714.pdf
(1.11 MB) (1.11 MB)
This paper presents results of a data partnership framework for strengthening evidence-based planning and implementation that was initiated in 2019 in five selected African countries (Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Senegal, and Togo) during the second round of the CAADP biennial review (BR) process. It analyzes the effect of the activities conducted on the data reporting rate and the quality of data reported in the five pilot countries, compared with what was achieved in like-pilot countries. The like-pilot countries are non-pilot countries that have characteristics like the pilot countries at the baseline which affect selection into the pilot or the data reporting and quality outcomes. Different methods (standard deviations, propensity score matching, and two-stage weighted regression) are used to identify the like-pilot countries, and a difference-in-difference method is used to estimate the effect of the pilot activities on the outcomes.
The capacity-strengthening activities focused on working with the country Biennial Review (BR) team to: assess the inaugural or 2018 BR process and identify the data gaps; constitute and train members of data clusters to compile and check the data for the 2020 BR; and then validate and submit the data. The findings show that the activities helped the pilot countries to improve their performance in the data reporting rate and the quality of data reported in the 2020 BR. The largest improvement is observed in Togo and Senegal, followed by Kenya and Malawi, and then Mozambique.
The average increase in the data reporting rate between 2018 and 2020 BRs for the pilot countries is greater than the average progress made in the like-pilot countries by about 6 to 9 % pts. This derives mostly from improvements in the data reporting rate for the indicators under theme 3 on ending hunger. Regarding the quality of data reported (measured as the percent of the data reported that have issues) too, the pilot countries on average performed better than the like-pilot countries, especially with respect to the data reported under themes 2 on investment in agriculture and 3 on ending hunger. But most of the estimated differences have low or no statistical significance. Implications for sustaining the progress made in the pilot countries, as well as for extending the activities to other countries, for the next rounds of the BR are discussed.
The capacity-strengthening activities focused on working with the country Biennial Review (BR) team to: assess the inaugural or 2018 BR process and identify the data gaps; constitute and train members of data clusters to compile and check the data for the 2020 BR; and then validate and submit the data. The findings show that the activities helped the pilot countries to improve their performance in the data reporting rate and the quality of data reported in the 2020 BR. The largest improvement is observed in Togo and Senegal, followed by Kenya and Malawi, and then Mozambique.
The average increase in the data reporting rate between 2018 and 2020 BRs for the pilot countries is greater than the average progress made in the like-pilot countries by about 6 to 9 % pts. This derives mostly from improvements in the data reporting rate for the indicators under theme 3 on ending hunger. Regarding the quality of data reported (measured as the percent of the data reported that have issues) too, the pilot countries on average performed better than the like-pilot countries, especially with respect to the data reported under themes 2 on investment in agriculture and 3 on ending hunger. But most of the estimated differences have low or no statistical significance. Implications for sustaining the progress made in the pilot countries, as well as for extending the activities to other countries, for the next rounds of the BR are discussed.
10 Durga, Neha; Verma, Shilp; Manjunatha, A. V. 2020. Surya Raitha Scheme in Karnataka. In Shirsath, P. B.; Saini, S.; Durga, Neha; Senoner, D.; Ghose, N.; Verma, Shilp; Sikka, Alok. (Eds.). Compendium on solar powered irrigation systems in India. Wageningen, Netherlands: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). pp.38-40.
Electricity supplies ; Solar energy ; Pilot projects ; Irrigation ; Pumps ; Farmers / India / Karnataka / Surya Raitha Scheme / Ramanagram
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050050)
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/109736/CCAFS%20-%20Compendium%20Solar_Final.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050050.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050050.pdf
(0.91 MB) (12.7 MB)
11 Pavelic, Paul; Sikka, Alok; Alam, Mohammad Faiz; Sharma, Bharat R.; Muthuwatta, Lal; Eriyagama, Nishadi; Villholth, Karen G.; Shalsi, S.; Mishra, V. K.; Jha, S. K.; Verma, C. L.; Sharma, N.; Reddy, V. R.; Rout, S. K.; Kant, L.; Govindan, M.; Gangopadhyay, P.; Brindha, K.; Chinnasamy, P.; Smakhtin, V. 2021. Utilizing floodwaters for recharging depleted aquifers and sustaining irrigation: lessons from multi-scale assessments in the Ganges River Basin, India. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 20p. (Groundwater Solutions Initiative for Policy and Practice (GRIPP) Case Profile Series 04) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.200]
Groundwater management ; Groundwater recharge ; Aquifers ; Floodwater ; Water use ; Groundwater depletion ; Groundwater irrigation ; Sustainable use ; Groundwater flow ; Transfer of waters ; Flood control ; Groundwater table ; Water storage ; Water quality ; Pumping ; Technology ; Pilot projects ; Assessment ; Risk management ; Cost benefit analysis ; Stakeholders ; Community involvement ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Livelihoods ; Food security ; Irrigated farming ; Environmental impact ; River basins ; Ponds ; Wells ; Monsoons ; Rain ; Drought / India / Ganges River Basin / Ramganga Basin / Uttar Pradesh / Rampur / Jiwai Jadid
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050171)
(3.67 MB)
Pragmatic, cost-effective, socially inclusive and scalable solutions that reduce risks from recurrent cycles of floods and droughts would greatly benefit emerging economies. One promising approach known as Underground Transfer of Floods for Irrigation (UTFI) involves recharging depleted aquifers with seasonal high flows to provide additional groundwater for irrigated agriculture during dry periods, while also mitigating floods. It has been identified that there is potential for implementing the UTFI approach across large parts of South Asia. The first pilot-scale implementation of UTFI was carried out in a rural community of the Indo-Gangetic Plain in India, and performance of the approach was assessed over three years from a technical, environmental, socioeconomic and institutional perspective. The results are promising and show that UTFI has the potential to enhance groundwater storage and control flooding, if replicated across larger scales. The challenges and opportunities for more wide-scale implementation of UTFI are identified and discussed in this report. In areas with high potential for implementation, policy makers should consider UTFI as an option when making decisions associated with relevant water-related development challenges.
12 Carey, J.; Cook, B. 2021. The Milan Urban Food Policy Pact monitoring framework: a practical handbook for implementation. Rome, Italy: FAO. 36p.
Food policies ; Monitoring ; Frameworks ; Urban agriculture ; Towns ; Food systems ; Pilot projects ; Indicators ; Data collection ; Stakeholders ; Agreements ; Gender ; Climate change / Madagascar / Kenya / Ecuador / Antananarivo / Nairobi / Quito
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050728)
(8.87 MB) (8.87 MB)
13 Durga, N.; Shah, Tushaar; Verma, Shilp; Manjunatha, A. V. 2021. Karnataka’s ‘Surya Raitha’ experiment: lessons for PM–KUSUM. Economic and Political Weekly, 56(48):55-60.
Solar energy ; Irrigation ; Pumps ; Groundwater ; Pumping ; Energy generation ; Electricity ; Energy consumption ; Water use ; Farmers ; Irrigated land ; Pilot projects / India / Karnataka / Surya Raitha Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050804)
(0.13 MB)
Solar-powered irrigation has expanded in India at an unprecedented pace—the number of solar irrigation pumps—from less than 4,000 in 2012 to more than 2,50,000 by 2019. It has been argued that besides giving farmers an additional and reliable source of income, grid-connected SIPs also incentivise efficient energy and water use—critical for sustaining groundwater irrigation. The Surya Raitha scheme was the country’s first, state-driven initiative for solarisation of agriculture feeders by replacing subsidy-guzzling, inefficient electric pumps with energy-efficient, net-metered SIPs. An early appraisal of Surya Raitha lauded the scheme as a smart initiative and argued that it could set an example for promoting solar power as a remunerative crop. However, the scheme was eventually executed as a single feeder pilot with some design changes in Nalahalli panchayat from 2015–18. The authors visited the pilot in 2017–18 and 2018–19 to assess if it had delivered the promises of Surya Raitha scheme. The results are a mixed bag and offer important lessons for implementation and scaling out of component C of the Government of India’s Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan policy.
14 Aheeyar, Mohamed; Samarakoon, Kalani; de Silva, Sanjiv. 2021. Bundled weather index insurance pilot for drought-affected areas in Sri Lanka: reaching marginal farmers. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 35p. (IWMI Working Paper 201) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.233]
Weather index insurance ; Crop insurance ; Drought ; Pilot projects ; Farmers organizations ; Advisory services ; Awareness-raising ; Arid zones ; Climate change ; Crop losses ; Compensation ; Risk transfer ; Disaster risk reduction ; Resilience ; Decision making ; Insurance premiums ; Cost benefit analysis ; Equity ; Stakeholders ; Partnerships ; Gender ; Women ; Smallholders ; Landlessness ; Communities ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Mobile phones ; Models / Sri Lanka / North Central Province / Galenbindunuwewa / Dunumadalawa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050840)
(3.07 MB)
Drought is an almost annual phenomenon in Sri Lanka, occurring at varying degrees of severity and affecting many parts of the country. These droughts cause significant damage to agriculture and other economic and social activities. This paper assesses the effectiveness of satellite-based weather Index insurance (WII) bundled with real-time climate and agronomic advisory services provided to farmers’ mobile phones. The aim is to enhance the drought resilience of diverse groups of farmers by providing solutions and strategies to extend bundled insurance products to more people and address equity issues.
In this pilot, an insurance product was introduced to farmers in a village in the North Central Dry Zone of Sri Lanka. WII products are seen as a part of the solution to reducing farmers’ risk to climate change. However, in many places, the structure of insurance schemes in the agriculture sector has failed to reach small-scale and marginal farmers who are most in need of risk transfer mechanisms. Based on a farmer survey, we extracted lessons from implementing a bundled insurance scheme as a pilot project to explore the utility of farmer organizations as an entry point for engaging different farmer groups and ensuring they can understand the WII insurance products and can make informed choices.
The survey results show that efforts made at the outset to understand contextual issues and challenges contributed to an effective product design and rollout approach. The rollout was more effective due in part to a partnership with an established local organization while adopting an aggregator model. Covid-19 mobility restrictions prevented full implementation of the rollout.
Index insurance bundled with mobile weather and agronomic advisories increased farmer resilience and reached diverse groups. Farmers emphasized that being able to assess the costs and benefits based on understanding how key elements of the product work is key to their future engagement with such products, which highlights the importance of investing in awareness raising through a blend of print, verbal and visual tools that make complex products understandable to stakeholders with low levels of literacy.
In this pilot, an insurance product was introduced to farmers in a village in the North Central Dry Zone of Sri Lanka. WII products are seen as a part of the solution to reducing farmers’ risk to climate change. However, in many places, the structure of insurance schemes in the agriculture sector has failed to reach small-scale and marginal farmers who are most in need of risk transfer mechanisms. Based on a farmer survey, we extracted lessons from implementing a bundled insurance scheme as a pilot project to explore the utility of farmer organizations as an entry point for engaging different farmer groups and ensuring they can understand the WII insurance products and can make informed choices.
The survey results show that efforts made at the outset to understand contextual issues and challenges contributed to an effective product design and rollout approach. The rollout was more effective due in part to a partnership with an established local organization while adopting an aggregator model. Covid-19 mobility restrictions prevented full implementation of the rollout.
Index insurance bundled with mobile weather and agronomic advisories increased farmer resilience and reached diverse groups. Farmers emphasized that being able to assess the costs and benefits based on understanding how key elements of the product work is key to their future engagement with such products, which highlights the importance of investing in awareness raising through a blend of print, verbal and visual tools that make complex products understandable to stakeholders with low levels of literacy.
15 Magalhaes, M.; Ringler, C.; Verma, Shilp; Schmitter, Petra. 2021. Accelerating rural energy access for agricultural transformation: contribution of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems to transforming food, land and water systems in a climate crisis. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 26p. (WLE Legacy Series 3) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2022.202]
Agriculture ; Transformation ; Energy policies ; Rural areas ; CGIAR ; Research programmes ; Agrifood systems ; Land use ; Water systems ; Climate change ; Energy consumption ; Solar energy ; Irrigation systems ; Groundwater ; Electricity ; Pumps ; Technology ; Investment ; Innovation ; Pilot projects ; Environmental sustainability ; Emission reduction ; Resource recovery ; Reuse ; Income generation ; Business models ; Capacity development ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Women ; Food security / Africa / Asia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050910)
(2.33 MB)
With adverse impacts of climate change growing in number and intensity, there is an urgent need to reduce emissions from food systems to net zero. This can only be achieved if rural areas in low- and middle-income countries gain access to clean energy. A review of the research and capacity building contributions of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) over the last 10 years suggests important contributions in the areas of energy policy and energy investment planning, cost and feasibility frameworks, and business models for clean energy technology uptake. WLE has also conducted successful pilot projects on solar irrigation to provide an evidence base for scaling up innovative energy initiatives. Finally, the program also considered non-agricultural uses of energy where relevant to food systems, and implemented capacity building activities.
Going forward, CGIAR has a key role to play in providing information, supporting access and piloting innovative, scalable clean energy interventions to support the achievement of multiple impacts for the poorest and most food-insecure women and men farmers and entrepreneurs.
Going forward, CGIAR has a key role to play in providing information, supporting access and piloting innovative, scalable clean energy interventions to support the achievement of multiple impacts for the poorest and most food-insecure women and men farmers and entrepreneurs.
16 Hagos, Fitsum; Ahmed, J. T.; Haileslassie, Amare; Seid, Abdulkarim. 2022. Operationalizing irrigation water charges in Sub-Saharan Africa: a case study from the Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia. Water Policy, 24(6):1014-1033. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2022.034]
Irrigation water ; Water charges ; Water policies ; Multi-stakeholder processes ; Water pricing ; Water management ; Cost recovery ; Legal frameworks ; Political aspects ; Water permits ; Institutional development ; Capacity development ; Partnerships ; Water user associations ; Pilot projects ; Case studies / Africa South of Sahara / Ethiopia / Central Rift Valley
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051154)
https://iwaponline.com/wp/article-pdf/24/6/1014/1067676/024061014.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051154.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051154.pdf
(0.64 MB) (655 KB)
Fixing and implementing water charges in the irrigation sector is considered an important task for recovering operation and maintenance costs and promoting the efficient use of water. This study aims at developing an implementation strategy for water charges in the Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia. The study sets the agenda for this strategy by explaining why promoting the concept of fixing irrigation charges is necessary. Then it develops a conceptual framework, draws key lessons from global experiences, explores whether the new pricing policy is well aligned with national water policies and the roles and responsibilities of various actors and stakeholders involved, and identifies the factors for the successful implementation of this strategy. The study is mainly qualitative in nature, based on a review of the literature and consultations of key stakeholders. The study results call for clearly defining the key objectives of the policy, political commitment, and community participation, re-examining the role of institutions, capacity building, and establishing a multistakeholder platform. Basin-level implementation of this policy requires piloting and maintaining policy dynamics through adaptive management. The results provide generic lessons for other basins within Ethiopia and for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
17 Mbogo, H. N.; Home, P. G.; Raude, J. M.; Mwangi, R. W. 2022. Scorecard diagnostic tool for the enabling regulatory environment of faecal sludge management. H2Open Journal, 5(2):333-347. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2022.070]
Faecal sludge ; Waste management ; Water, sanitation and hygiene ; Regulations ; Standards ; Institutions ; Stakeholders ; Policies ; Indicators ; Participation ; Pilot projects ; Developing countries / Kenya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051221)
https://iwaponline.com/h2open/article-pdf/5/2/333/1068409/h2oj0050333.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051221.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051221.pdf
(0.68 MB) (692 KB)
Expeditious situational analysis of the enabling regulatory environment (ERE) of faecal sludge management (FSM) is vital for strengthening sanitation systems. However, existing diagnostic tools employ broad indicators, neglecting the detailed assessment of the policy, legal and institutional frameworks for each step along the FSM chain. This paper presents a web-based integrated diagnostic tool for evaluating the quality and adequacy of policy in guiding equity, targeting of resources, quality of service, financial considerations and institutional roles and responsibilities. The tool evaluates the legal framework based on laws, standards and regulations emphasizing on means of enforcement. It evaluates the institutional framework based on investors, service providers, regulators and consumers as guided by the literature. Each indicator is assigned a score of 1: green (effective), 0.5: yellow (limited) and 0: red (poor) for the user interface, containment, emptying, transport, treatment, disposal and reuse of faecal sludge. Built on Laravel Framework Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), the tool links the scores into a single index averaged into terciles as 0–0.33 (poor), 0.34–0.66 (limited) and 0.67–1 (effective). This helps to identify areas of priority in a given context. The tool successfully facilitated a participatory pilot study in Kenya based on individual stakeholders' opinion. However, the tool does not provide the specific details leading to a given score. Therefore, its application should precede a detailed evaluation of each indicator in order to generate specific details per indicator per step of FSM.
18 Mitra, Archisman; Balasubramanya, Soumya; Brouwer, R. 2023. Can cash incentives modify groundwater pumping behaviors? Evidence from an experiment in Punjab. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 105(3):861-887. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajae.12340]
Groundwater level ; Pumping ; Incentives ; Agriculture ; Electricity supplies ; Energy consumption ; Irrigation ; Nexus approaches ; Pricing ; Farmers ; Groundwater extraction ; Rice ; Monsoons ; Pilot projects / India / Punjab / Fatehgarh Sahib / Hoshiarpur / Jalandhar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051376)
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajae.12340
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051376.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051376.pdf
(0.91 MB) (927 KB)
As groundwater levels steadily decline in India, authorities are concerned about reducing extraction for irrigation purposes without jeopardizing food security. Very low or zero prices for electricity and water in agriculture is partly responsible for overextraction, but charging higher prices is politically not feasible. In this study, we describe the results of a pilot scheme implemented in Punjab, India, where farmers who enrolled were allocated a monthly entitlement of electricity units and compensated for unused electricity. Eight hours of uninterrupted daytime electricity supply were also provided under the scheme instead of the usual mix of daytime and night-time supply. Analyzing data from a cross-sectional farm household survey and instrumenting for enrollment, we find that self-reported hours of irrigation for enrolled farmers were significantly lower than for non-enrolled ones, with no impact on rice yields. We also find a reduction in monthly electricity consumption at electricity-feeder level due to the pilot scheme using the synthetic control method. Our results suggest that the combination of daytime electricity provision and cash incentives for unused electricity has the potential to incentivize farmers to reduce electricity consumption and irrigation hours by at least 7.5% and up to 30% without impacting paddy yields.
19 Pavelic, Paul; Hoanh, Chu Thai; D’haeze, D.; Vinh, B. N.; Viossanges, Mathieu; Chung, D. T.; Dat, L. Q.; Ross, A. 2022. Evaluation of managed aquifer recharge in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 44:101257. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101257]
Aquifers ; Groundwater recharge ; Groundwater management ; Highlands ; Climate resilience ; Groundwater level ; Rain ; Runoff ; Water quality ; Monitoring ; Water storage ; Irrigation water ; Pilot projects ; Farmers' attitudes / South East Asia / Vietnam / Dak Lak / Krong Buk
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051505)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581822002701/pdfft?md5=ae17cef0a645b5ec39430f2c3407c1e6&pid=1-s2.0-S2214581822002701-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051505.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051505.pdf
(7.11 MB) (7.11 MB)
Study region: Dak Lak province in the Central Highlands of Vietnam
Study focus: Intensification of agriculture has resulted in unsustainably high levels of groundwater use in the Central Highlands. High monsoonal rainfall provides opportunities to boost groundwater storage through managed aquifer recharge (MAR), yet experience with MAR in the region is absent. In response, five farm-scale pilots were implemented in collaboration with local farmers whereby runoff from roofs and fields was recharged into shallow dug wells. The pilots were closely monitored over three years.
New hydrological insights for the region: MAR pilots exhibited large contrasts in performance, with volumes recharged ranging from 5 to 530 m3 per year. Pilot sites with cleaner roof runoff water performed best, whilst those using more turbid water from unpaved roads performed worst. Water quality analyses did not identify parameters of major concern for irrigation. Field data and modelling indicate that the size of the recharge water plumes are small relative to the high groundwater velocities making the recharge water difficult to recover from the recharge well in this setting. Water is however contained locally, providing potential for improved water availability within the local area. Farmer attitudes towards MAR vary in response to the technical performance and a range of socioeconomic factors. These findings may provide insights for researchers or practitioners from other regions where groundwater dependence is high but experience in MAR is lacking.
Study focus: Intensification of agriculture has resulted in unsustainably high levels of groundwater use in the Central Highlands. High monsoonal rainfall provides opportunities to boost groundwater storage through managed aquifer recharge (MAR), yet experience with MAR in the region is absent. In response, five farm-scale pilots were implemented in collaboration with local farmers whereby runoff from roofs and fields was recharged into shallow dug wells. The pilots were closely monitored over three years.
New hydrological insights for the region: MAR pilots exhibited large contrasts in performance, with volumes recharged ranging from 5 to 530 m3 per year. Pilot sites with cleaner roof runoff water performed best, whilst those using more turbid water from unpaved roads performed worst. Water quality analyses did not identify parameters of major concern for irrigation. Field data and modelling indicate that the size of the recharge water plumes are small relative to the high groundwater velocities making the recharge water difficult to recover from the recharge well in this setting. Water is however contained locally, providing potential for improved water availability within the local area. Farmer attitudes towards MAR vary in response to the technical performance and a range of socioeconomic factors. These findings may provide insights for researchers or practitioners from other regions where groundwater dependence is high but experience in MAR is lacking.
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