Your search found 43 records
1 Aarts, H. F. M. 2000. Resource management in a 'De Make' dairy farming system. The Netherlands: Wageningen University. 222p.: ill.; 25 cm.
(Location: IWMI-SEA Call no: 631.49492 G916 AAR Record No: BKK-124)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wageningen University, the Netherlands, 2000
2 Ming-Kui, Z.; Zi-Xia, K. 2004. Heavy metals, phosphorous and some other elements in urban soils of Hangzhou City, China. Pedosphere, 14(2):177-185.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 6861 Record No: H034619)
3 Lü, J. J.; Yang, H.; Gao, L.; Yu, T. Y. 2005. Spatial variation of P and N in water and sediments of Dianchi Lake, China. Pedosphere, 15(1):78-83.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7306 Record No: H036739)
4 Senevirathna Banda, K. M.; Kendaragama, K. M. A.; Ethakada, D. M. G. 2002. Response of rice to added phosphorus on low humic gley soil under major irrigation in the Polonnaruwa District. Annals of the Sri Lanka Department of Agriculture, 4:95-108.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7639 Record No: H039364)
5 Zhu, G. W.; Qin, B. Q.; Zhang, L.; Luo, L. C. 2006. Geochemical forms of phosphorus in sediments of three large, shallow lakes of China. Pedosphere, 16(6):726-734.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7669 Record No: H039421)
6 Finlayson, Max; Chick, A. J. 1983. Testing the potential of aquatic plants to treat abattoir effluent. Water Research, 17(4): 415-422.
Aquatic plants ; Wastewater treatment ; Effluents ; Analysis ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Nutrients ; Salinity ; Evapotranspiration / Australia
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7753 Record No: H039703)
7 Atkins, R. P.; Congdon, R. A.; Finlayson, Max; Gordon, D. M. 1977. Lake Leschenaultia: an oligotrophic artificial lake in Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 59(3):65-70.
Lakes ; Reservoirs ; Aquatic plants ; Phytoplankton ; Water quality ; Oxygen ; Cation ; Silica ; Phosphorus ; Nitrogen / Australia / Western Australia / Chidlow / Lake Leschenaultia
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7762 Record No: H039712)
8 Rajapakshe, I. H.; Najim, M. M. M. 2007. Water and nutrient balance in paddy field irrigated by wastewater during off (Yala) season in Kurunegala, Sri Lanka. Journal of Applied Irrigation Science, 42(1):77-91.
Rice ; Paddy fields ; Water quality ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Wastewater irrigation ; Irrigation canals ; Water balance / Sri Lanka / Kurunegala
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H040449)
9 Rajakaruna, R. M. P.; Nandasena, K. A.; Jayakody, A. N. 2005. Quality of shallow groundwater in an intensively cultivated hilly catena in up country intermediate zone of Sri Lanka. In Galagedara, L. W. (Ed.). Water resources research in Sri Lanka: Symposium Proceedings of the Water Professional’s Day 2005. Peradeniya, Sri Lanka: PGIA. pp.163-178.
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Calcium ; Magnesium ; Nitrogen ; Sodium ; Potassium ; Phosphorus ; Monitoring ; Analysis ; Irrigation water ; Drinking water ; Domestic water ; Wells ; Water pollution ; Fertilizers ; Vegetables ; Cultivation / Sri Lanka / Badulla / Hulankapolla Village
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G744 GAL Record No: H040714)
10 Dissanayake, Priyanka; Amin, M. M.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Clemett, Alexandra. 2007. Baseline water quality survey for Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Unpublished project report produced as part of the Wastewater Agriculture and Sanitation For Poverty Alleviation in Asia (WASPA Asia) 28p. + annexes. (WASPA Asia Project Report 7)
Water quality ; Wastewater ; Electrical conductivity ; Salinity ; Drainage ; Nitrogen ; Wastewater irrigation ; Infiltration ; Crop production ; Phosphorus ; Metals ; Analysis / Bangladesh / Rajshahi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G584 DIS Record No: H041018)
(2MB)
This project is funded by the European Commission under its Asia Pro Eco II Program. It is undertaken by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Sri Lanka; COSI, Sri Lanka; the International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC), the Netherlands; NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation, Bangladesh; and the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Sweden. The project pilot cities are Rajshahi City in Bangladesh and Kurunegala City in Sri Lanka.
11 Erni, M.; Drechsel, Pay; Bader, H. P.; Scheidegger, R.; Zurbruegg, C.; Kipfer, R. 2010. Bad for the environment, good for the farmer?: urban sanitation and nutrient flows. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 24(1-2):113-125 (Special issue with contributions by IWMI authors) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10795-009-9083-9]
Sanitation ; Urban areas ; Water balance ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Nutrients ; Water pollution ; Wastewater irrigation ; Models / Ghana / Kumasi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H042834)
http://www.springerlink.com/content/d363092w36324651/fulltext.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042834.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042834.pdf
(0.27 MB)
Due to poor urban sanitation farmers in and around most cities in developing countries face highly polluted surface water. While the sanitation challenge has obvious implications for environmental pollution and food safety it can also provide ‘free’ nutrients for irrigating farmers. To understand the related dimensions, a box-flow model was used to identify the most important water and nutrient flows for the Ghanaian city of Kumasi, a rapidly growing African city with significant irrigation in its direct vicinity. The analysis focused on nitrogen and phosphorus and was supplemented by a farm based nutrient balance assessment. Results show that the city constitutes a vast nutrient sink that releases considerable nutrients loads in its passing streams, contributing to the eutrophication of downstream waters. However, farmers have for various practical reasons little means and motivation in using this resource of nutrients. This might change under increasing fertilizer prices as the nutrient load will continue to increase by 40% till 2015 assuming a widening gap between population growth and investments in water supply on one side and investments in sanitation on the other. However, even a strong investment into flushing toilets would not reduce environmental pollution due to the dominance of on-site sanitation systems, but instead strongly increase water competition. Key options to reduce the nutrient load would be via optimized waste collection and investment in dry or low-flush toilets. The latter seems also appropriate for the city to meet the water and sanitation Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) without increasing water shortages in toilet connected households.
12 Rockstrom, J.; Axberg, G. N.; Falkenmark, M.; Lannerstad, M.; Rosemarin, A.; Caldwell, I.; Arvidson, A.; Nordstrom, M. 2005. Sustainable pathways to attain the millennium development goals: assessing the key role of water, energy and sanitation. Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI). 104p.
Water requirements ; Water productivity ; Freshwater ; Hunger ; Food production ; Environmental effects ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Sanitation ; Households ; Population growth ; Economic aspects ; Financing ; Excreta ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Energy
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.6 G000 ROC Record No: H044232)
http://sei-international.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Water-sanitation/sustainable_pathways_mdg.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044232.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044232.pdf
(3.24 MB) (3.24MB)
13 Wudneh, A.; Erkossa, Teklu; Devi, P. 2014. Sediment and nutrient lost by runoff from two watersheds, Digga district in Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 8(9):498-510. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJEST2014.1747]
Watersheds ; Soil conservation ; Sedimentation ; Erosion ; Runoff ; Soil fertility ; Nutrients ; Phosphorus ; Nitrogen ; Chemical contamination ; Catchment areas ; River basins ; Farmers ; Crop yield ; Maize ; Water conservation / Ethiopia / Blue Nile Basin / Digga District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046645)
http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1410538863_Wudneh%20et%20al.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046645.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046645.pdf
(1.06 MB) (1.6 MB)
The study was conducted in two sub watersheds in the Upper Blue Nile Basin in Ethiopia to determine the quantity, quality of sediment lost and its onsite costs in terms of crop yield. Two monitoring stations at the outlets were selected. Discharges were estimated and depth integrated daily runoff samples were collected during the rainy season in 2011. The sediment concentration and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content was analyzed and related to crop yield using a nutrient response equation for maize (Zea mays). The result shows statistically significant differences in sediment concentration of the two watersheds. Suspended sediment concentration was strongly correlated with the discharge from Chekorsa River (R2 = 0.7) but it was very weak for Dapo. There was higher concentration of nutrients in the sediment than the surface soil in both watersheds. Particularly, sediment enrichment ratio of available P was 2.7 and 9 for Dapo and Chekorsa Rivers, respectively. The estimated yield reduction of maize due to N and P loss was about 950 and 1420, and 1015 and 665 kgha-1 from Dapo and Chekorsa catchments, respectively. Such results are equivalent to an onsite cost to farmers of about 190 and 285 USD ha-1 for Dapo, and 203 and 133 USDha-1 for Chekorsa catchments in that order. This monetary value can alert farmers and decision makers to take soil and water conservation measures.
14 Chinnasamy, Pennan; Hubbart, J. A. 2015. Stream and shallow groundwater nutrient concentrations in an Ozark forested riparian zone of the central USA. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73(10):6577-6590. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3880-7]
Groundwater ; Surface water ; Stream flow ; Nutrients ; Nitrates ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Ammonium ; Hydrology ; Riparian zones ; Case studies / Central USA / Ozark Forest
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046717)
(1.12 MB)
Characterizing spatiotemporal variations in surface water (SW)–shallow groundwater (GW) nutrient concentrations is important to predict stream ecosystem responses to disturbance. Unfortunately, there is a lack of such information from mixed-deciduous semi-karst hydro-geological regions. Nitrate (NO3 -), total phosphorous (P), potassium (K) and ammonium (NH4 +) concentrations were monitored in a case study between an Ozark stream and riparian hardwood forest GW over the 2011 water year in the central USA. Average SW NO3 -, P, K and NH4 + concentrations were 0.53, 0.13, 3.29 and 0.06 mg L-1, respectively. Nine meters from the streambank, average GW NO3 -concentration was 0.01 mg L-1, while P, K and NH4 + concentrations were 0.03, 1.7 and 0.04 mg L-1, respectively. Hyperbolic dilution model results indicated that NO3 - and K exhibited dilution behavior, while NH4 + had a concentration effect and P was hydrologically constant. Observed seasonal NO3 - concentration patterns of winter maxima and summer minima in SW (1.164 and 0.133 mg L-1) and GW (0.019 and 0.011 mg L-1) were supported by previous studies yet exhibited distinct semi-karst characteristics. Results indicate that in addition to relatively low residence time, lower nutrient concentrations in GW (relative to SW) may suggest that shallow GW flow processes are important for vegetation removal and retention of nutrients from streams in semi-karst shallow groundwater systems of the central USA.
15 Martin-Ortega, J.; Perni, A.; Jackson-Blake, L.; Balana, Bedru B.; Mckee, A.; Dunn, S.; Helliwell, R.; Psaltopoulos, D.; Skuras, D.; Cooksley, S.; Slee, B. 2015. A transdisciplinary approach to the economic analysis of the European Water Framework Directive. Ecological Economics, 116:34-45. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.03.026]
Economic analysis ; Cost effectiveness analysis ; Stakeholders ; Ecology ; Catchment areas ; Hydrology ; Chemicals ; Models ; Water quality ; Water pollution ; Land use ; Phosphorus ; River basins / Europ / Scotland
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046955)
(1.00 MB)
The EuropeanWater Framework Directive(WFD) prescribes economic principles to achieve its ecological targets. The aim is to establish cost-effective measures to attain good ecological status and assess whether the costs of these measures are justifiable in view of the benefits they provide. The complex nature of water problems requires flexible decision-making embracing a diversity of ‘knowledges’. Here, natural and social scientist worked together in an integrated approach ‘ground-tested’ through local stakeholders' knowledge and views. The aims were to: (1) develop a set of steps for implementing this transdisciplinary approach, and (2) critically reflect on the challenges of integrating different strands of knowledge to the specific context of the economics of the WFD. Thiswas tested at a sub-catchment in Scotland. Hydro-chemicalmodelswere used to simulate effectiveness of phosphorous pollution mitigation measures, which was then incorporated into a cost-optimization model. Costs were compared with benefits resulting from water quality improvements. This analysis was accompanied by an iterative local stakeholder consultation process. The research further analysed whether selected measures are ‘future-proof’ in view of climate and land-use changes. Results are used to help set the research agenda for more practical specification of economically sound and socially acceptable ways to deliver theWFD.
16 Drechsel, Pay; Qadir, Manzoor; Wichelns, D. (Eds.) 2015. Wastewater: economic asset in an urbanizing world. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. 287p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9545-6]
Wastewater treatment ; Water reuse ; Economic analysis ; Urbanization ; Sewage sludge ; Health hazards ; Pathogens ; Cost benefit analysis ; Finance ; Environmental risk assessment ; Ecosystem services ; Socioeconomic environment ; Agriculture ; Resource management ; Recycling ; Aquifers ; Groundwater recharge ; Industrial uses ; Businesses ; Models ; Energy consumption ; Nutrients ; Phosphorus ; Nitrogen ; Composting ; Water pollution ; Water quality ; WHO ; Metals ; Semimetals ; Salinity ; Gender ; Private sector ; Institutions ; Legislation ; Regulations ; Farmers ; Crops ; Landscape ; Irrigation ; Biogas ; Markets / Mexico / Cyprus / India / Australia / Iran / Bangalore / Amani Doddakere Lake / Mezquital Valley Aquifer / Ezousa Aquifer / Akrotiri Aquifer / Bolivar Aquifer / Mashhad Plain Aquifer
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI, e-copy SF Record No: H046957)
(0.28 MB)
17 Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay; Hanjra, Munir A. 2015. Business models and economic approaches for nutrient recovery from wastewater and fecal sludge. In Drechsel, Pay; Qadir, Manzoor; Wichelns, D. (Eds.). Wastewater: economic asset in an urbanizing world. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.247-268.
Business management ; Models ; Economic aspects ; Cost benefit analysis ; Nutrients ; Feaces ; Sewage sludge ; Wastewater treatment ; Water reuse ; Phosphorus ; Nitrogen ; Composting ; Organic matter ; Organic fertilizers ; Private sector ; Sanitation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H046970)
18 Balana, Bedru B.; Jackson-Blake, L.; Martin-Ortega, J.; Dunn, S. 2015. Integrated cost-effectiveness analysis of agri-environmental measures for water quality. Journal of Environmental Management, 161:163-172. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.06.035]
Cost benefit analysis ; Agriculture ; Environmental management ; Hydrology ; Chemicals ; Water quality ; Water management ; Wastewater treatment ; Land management ; Nitrates ; Phosphorus ; Pollutants ; Case studies / Scotland / River Dee catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047103)
(1.20 MB)
This paper presents an application of integrated methodological approach for identifying cost-effective combinations of agri-environmental measures to achieve water quality targets. The methodological approach involves linking hydro-chemical modelling with economic costs of mitigation measures. The utility of the approach was explored for the River Dee catchment in North East Scotland, examining the cost-effectiveness of mitigation measures for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) pollutants. In-stream nitrate concentration was modelled using the STREAM-N and phosphorus using INCA-P model. Both models were first run for baseline conditions and then their effectiveness for changes in land management was simulated. Costs were based on farm income foregone, capital and operational expenditures. The costs and effects data were integrated using ‘Risk Solver Platform’ optimization in excel to produce the most cost-effective combination of measures by which target nutrient reductions could be attained at a minimum economic cost. The analysis identified different combination of measures as most costeffective for the two pollutants. An important aspect of this paper is integration of model-based effectiveness estimates with economic cost of measures for cost-effectiveness analysis of land and water management options. The methodological approach developed is not limited to the two pollutants and the selected agri-environmental measures considered in the paper; the approach can be adapted to the cost-effectiveness analysis of any catchment-scale environmental management options.
19 Amarasiri, S. 2015. Caring for water. 2nd ed. Katugastota, Sri Lanka: National Water Supply and Drainage Board. Greater Kandy Water Supply Project. 166p.
Water resources ; Surface water ; Water use ; Water quality ; Drinking water ; Waterborne diseases ; Water pollution ; Water storage ; Acidity ; Alkalinity ; Saline water ; Eutrophication ; Plankton blooms ; Phosphorus ; Industrial uses ; Industrial pollutants / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G744 AMA Record No: H047148)
(0.40 MB)
20 Mayer, B. K.; Baker, L. A.; Boyer, T. H.; Drechsel, Pay; Gifford, M.; Hanjra, Munir A. 2016. Total value of phosphorus recovery. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(13):6606-6620. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01239]
Resource recovery ; Phosphorus ; Renewable energy ; Food production ; Food security ; Waste water treatment plants ; Eutrophication ; Water pollution ; Water reuse ; Water quality ; Heavy metals ; Minerals ; Social aspects ; Equity ; Fertilizers ; Environmental effects ; Urban wastes
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047624)
(3.33 MB)
Phosphorus (P) is a critical, geographically concentrated, nonrenewable resource necessary to support global food production. In excess (e.g., due to runoff or wastewater discharges), P is also a primary cause of eutrophication. To reconcile the simultaneous shortage and overabundance of P, lost P flows must be recovered and reused, alongside improvements in P-use efficiency. While this motivation is increasingly being recognized, little P recovery is practiced today, as recovered P generally cannot compete with the relatively low cost of mined P. Therefore, P is often captured to prevent its release into the environment without beneficial recovery and reuse. However, additional incentives for P recovery emerge when accounting for the total value of P recovery. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the range of benefits of recovering P from waste streams, i.e., the total value of recovering P. This approach accounts for P products, as well as other assets that are associated with P and can be recovered in parallel, such as energy, nitrogen, metals and minerals, and water. Additionally, P recovery provides valuable services to society and the environment by protecting and improving environmental quality, enhancing efficiency of waste treatment facilities, and improving food security and social equity. The needs to make P recovery a reality are also discussed, including business models, bottlenecks, and policy and education strategies.
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