Your search found 16 records
1 Lanjouw, P.; Murgai, R. 2009. Poverty decline, agricultural wages, and nonfarm employment in rural India: 1983–2004. Agricultural Economics, 40:243-263.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041957)
(0.19 MB)
2 Shah, Tushaar; Verma, Shilp. 2016. Co-management of electricity and groundwater: an assessment of Gujarat's Jyotirgram Scheme. In Shah, M.; Vijayshankar, P. S. (Eds.). Water: growing understanding, emerging perspectives. New Delhi, India: Orient BlackSwan. pp.465-482. (Readings on the Economy, Polity and Society)
Groundwater management ; Electricity supplies ; Groundwater irrigation ; Tube wells ; Pumps ; Tariffs ; Rural economy ; Agriculture ; Subsidies ; Nonfarm income ; Farmers attitudes ; Landlessness ; Living standards ; Villages ; Political aspects ; Case studies ; Assessment / India / Gujarat / Jyotirgram Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047748)
(1.37 MB)
3 Zereyesus, Y. A.; Embaye, W. T.; Tsiboe, F.; Amanor-Boadu, V. 2017. Implications of non-farm work to vulnerability to food poverty-recent evidence from northern Ghana. World Development, 91:113-124. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.10.015]
Food security ; Nonfarm income ; Food consumption ; Household expenditure ; Forecasting ; Non-farm employment ; Participation ; Food insecurity ; Poverty ; Hunger ; Public health ; Socioeconomic environment ; Linear models ; Regression analysis / Ghana / Brong Ahafo Region / Northern Region / Upper East Region / Upper West Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048046)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X16305174/pdfft?md5=da180e20bb4e04280feb14bdeb445e03&pid=1-s2.0-S0305750X16305174-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048046.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048046.pdf
(0.33 MB) (340 KB)
Using survey data from northern Ghana, this study seeks to establish the impact of participation in non-farm work on the vulnerability of resource poor households to food poverty. Vulnerability to food poverty is assessed based on expected future food expenditure of households. The potential endogeneity problem associated with participation in non-farm work by households is overcome using a novel instrumental variable approach. Analysis of the determinants of expected future food expenditure is done using a standard Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method. Demographic and socioeconomic variables, location variables, and household facilities are included in the model as control variables. Our study finds that participation in non-farm work significantly increased the future expected food consumption, thereby alleviating the vulnerability of households to food poverty. Our study also confirms that current food poverty and future food poverty, i.e., vulnerability to food poverty, are not independent from each other. Non-farm work plays a crucial role in providing the means to overcome the risk of food poverty in these resource poor households. Policies that promote off-farm income generating activities, such as small businesses and self-employment, as well as the creation and support of businesses that absorb extra labor from the farm, should be encouraged in the study region. Because households in the study region are exposed to above average levels of hunger and food poverty, the study recommends the government of Ghana and development partners to take measures that enhance the resilience of these resource poor households.
4 Kabir, M. J.; Alauddin, M.; Crimp, S. 2017. Farm-level adaptation to climate change in western Bangladesh: an analysis of adaptation dynamics, profitability and risks. Land Use Policy, 64:212-224. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.02.026]
Climate change adaptation ; Farmers attitudes ; Strategies ; Risk analysis ; Cropping systems ; Sustainability ; Farm income ; Costs ; Profitability ; Nonfarm income ; Economic viability ; Budgets ; Environmental factors ; Drought ; Temperature ; Villages ; Case studies / Western Bangladesh / Durgapur
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048110)
(3.32 MB)
Using long-term district-level climate data and a case study from a drought-prone village in western Bangladesh, this research explored trends in climate change, and analysed farmers’ adaptation dynamics, profitability and risks. This is the first study of its kind for drought-prone areas in Bangladesh.
Farmers perceived climate changes included increases in temperature and decreases in rainfall which were as consistent with the trends of Chuadanga climate records. Farmers’ adaptation measures included changes in cropping systems, cropping calendars, crop varieties, agronomic practices, crop diversification and improved animal husbandry. Reducing environmental stress, ensuring self-sufficiency in staple crops (mainly rice) and other crop production practices, and enhancing economic viability of farm enterprises have underpinned these adaptations. Off-farm and non-farm wage employment, temporary migration, self-employment and educating children, constituted the core non-farm adaptation strategies.
Emerging cropping systems like maize/cucumber and maize/stem amaranth/rice were economically more viable than the traditional rice/rice and rice/maize systems. Despite some uncertainties, farming was preferred to off-farm work, generating higher returns to labour for all cropping systems. Limited access to stress-tolerant varieties, extension services and affordable agricultural credit, combined with high production costs, variability in crop yields and output prices, are the main barriers to adaptation. Stronger agricultural research and support services, affordable credit, community-focussed farming education and training are critically important for effective adaptation to climate change.
Farmers perceived climate changes included increases in temperature and decreases in rainfall which were as consistent with the trends of Chuadanga climate records. Farmers’ adaptation measures included changes in cropping systems, cropping calendars, crop varieties, agronomic practices, crop diversification and improved animal husbandry. Reducing environmental stress, ensuring self-sufficiency in staple crops (mainly rice) and other crop production practices, and enhancing economic viability of farm enterprises have underpinned these adaptations. Off-farm and non-farm wage employment, temporary migration, self-employment and educating children, constituted the core non-farm adaptation strategies.
Emerging cropping systems like maize/cucumber and maize/stem amaranth/rice were economically more viable than the traditional rice/rice and rice/maize systems. Despite some uncertainties, farming was preferred to off-farm work, generating higher returns to labour for all cropping systems. Limited access to stress-tolerant varieties, extension services and affordable agricultural credit, combined with high production costs, variability in crop yields and output prices, are the main barriers to adaptation. Stronger agricultural research and support services, affordable credit, community-focussed farming education and training are critically important for effective adaptation to climate change.
5 Manero, A. 2017. Income inequality within smallholder irrigation schemes in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 33(5):770-787. (Special issue: The Productivity and Profitability of Small Scale Communal Irrigation Systems in South-eastern Africa). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2016.1152461]
Irrigation schemes ; Smallholders ; Income distribution ; Equity ; National income ; Farm income ; Nonfarm income ; Household income ; Poverty ; Economic growth ; Gini coefficient ; Marginal analysis / Africa South of Sahara / Zimbabwe / Tanzania / Mozambique / Mkoba Irrigation Scheme / Silalabuhwa Irrigation Scheme / Kiwere Irrigation Scheme / Magozi Irrigation Scheme / 25 de Setembro Irrigation Scheme / Khanimambo Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048112)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07900627.2016.1152461?needAccess=true#aHR0cDovL3d3dy50YW5kZm9ubGluZS5jb20vZG9pL3BkZi8xMC4xMDgwLzA3OTAwNjI3LjIwMTYuMTE1MjQ2MT9uZWVkQWNjZXNzPXRydWVAQEAw
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048112.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048112.pdf
(1.38 MB) (1.38 MB)
Equitable income distribution is recognized as critical for poverty reduction, particularly in developing areas. Most of the existing literature is based on region- or country-wide data; fewer empirical studies exist at community levels. This article examines income disparities within six smallholder irrigation schemes in Zimbabwe, Tanzania and Mozambique, comparing inequality at local and national levels, as well as decomposing inequality by group and by source. The results present significant contrasts between schemes and compared to national figures. This evidences that, inadvertently, nation-wide strategies may overlook high inequality at smaller scales, and thus, development policies should be tailored to the specific areas of intervention.
6 Dzanku, F. M. 2019. Food security in rural sub-Saharan Africa: exploring the nexus between gender, geography and off-farm employment. World Development, 113:26-43. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.08.017]
Food security ; Rural areas ; Gender ; Off farm employment ; Geography ; Nexus ; Households ; Nonfarm income ; Poverty ; Econometrics ; Models / Africa South of Sahara / Ghana / Kenya / Malawi / Mozambique / Tanzania / Zambia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049058)
(2.00 MB)
How to eradicate hunger and achieve food security remains a key developmental issue, particular in countries south of the Sahara. Most of the empirical literature focuses on agriculture-based interventions although it is well known that rural households have a gamut of income generating activities that constitute their livelihood. This article uses panel data for six African countries to examine the association between off-farm income and household food security and tests key hypotheses that have not been previously explored. We hypothesize that the association between food security and off-farm income is neither gender-neutral nor the same for households living in low and high agroecological potential areas. Because a nontrivial number of households do not earn off-farm income, we also hypothesize that the food security effect of nonparticipation differs by gender and geography. The results show that although off-farm income has a strong statistically significant association with food security the correlation magnitudes are not as strong. However, off-farm income has a significantly stronger association with food security among female-headed and poor region households than it has among male-headed and rich region households in most countries. The gender-related result supports the notion that households tend to benefit more from women’s greater control over resources than when such resources are controlled by men. We also show that nonparticipation in off-farm income is more costly, food security wise, for female-headed households and households who live in low agroecological potential regions than it is for male-headed households and those who live in high potential regions. The rural nonfarm sector in high agroecological potential areas tends to be associated with greater poverty reduction among female-headed households than among male-headed households. From a policy and development practice perspective, the results suggest that focusing rural development policies on factors that raise farm productivity alone (e.g., input subsidies) may not lead to gender-neutral welfare outcomes. This means that interventions such as rural nonfarm microcredit schemes that targets female-headed households or women in general could help achieve gender-equitable poverty reduction, as others have shown.
7 Pritchard, B.; Rammohan, A.; Vicol, M. 2019. The importance of non-farm livelihoods for household food security and dietary diversity in rural Myanmar. Journal of Rural Studies, 67:89-100. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.02.017]
Household food security ; Living standards ; Nonfarm income ; Rural areas ; Nutrition ; Dietary factors ; Food insecurity ; Land ownership ; Landlessness ; Socioeconomic environment / Myanmar / Pakokku / Yesagyo / Kyaiklet / Maubin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049133)
(1.73 MB)
Recent processes of socio-economic change in rural Myanmar are etching significant shifts to the social distribution of advantage and disadvantage, with implications for patterns of food security and dietary quality. This paper uses original repeat cross-sectional household survey data to identify emergent relationships between land and livelihoods on the one hand, and food security and dietary quality, on the other. The paper concludes that although land ‘matters’ (landholding households are more likely to be food secure and have higher dietary diversity than landless households), this association is strongly conditioned by livelihood and seasonal circumstances. Households with livelihood arrangements articulated to the non-farm economy, whether they were landholders or landless, exhibited superior food and nutritional outcomes compared to those with livelihoods only in farming. Hence, while access to arable land remains an important factor in shaping food security and dietary diversity, of greater importance is the capacity for households to supplement their land assets with livelihood activities in the non-farm economy. This finding reinforces broader arguments that emphasise the importance of the non-farm economy as a vital shaper of wellbeing for rural households in the global South.
8 Issahaku, G.; Abdul-Rahaman, A. 2019. Sustainable land management practices, off-farm work participation and vulnerability among farmers in Ghana: is there a nexus? International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 7(1):18-26. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2018.10.002]
Sustainable land management ; Farmer participation ; Off farm employment ; Nonfarm income ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Adoption ; Poverty ; Organic fertilizers ; Bunds ; Models / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049149)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095633918301321/pdfft?md5=c1b325ba74803cb6d82d0010632fe710&pid=1-s2.0-S2095633918301321-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049149.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049149.pdf
(0.53 MB) (544 KB)
Addressing issues of agricultural sustainability and vulnerability to poverty under climate change are major challenges to development in the 21st century. Accounting for the trade-off and synergies between off-farm work participation and sustainable land management on one hand, and vulnerability to poverty on the other hand, will therefore be useful to policy. In this study, we use recent farm household data from Ghana to examine the effect of off-farm work participation on intensity of adoption of sustainable land management (SLM) practices and impact of off-farm work participation on vulnerability to poverty. We employed a bivariate Tobit model to examine the determinants of SLM adoption intensity, and endogenous switching probit model to assess the impact of off-farm work participation on vulnerability to poverty. The results reveal that participation in off-farm is positively and significantly associated with adoption intensity of bunds, and organic manure. The results also show that off-farm work participation significantly reduces household vulnerability to poverty by 13%. Based on these findings, we conclude that rural development through non-farm work opportunities can lead to positive synergies between sustainable agricultural production, off-farm employment and poverty alleviation.
9 Dixon, J.; Boffa, J.-M.; Williams, Timothy Olalekan; de Leeuw, J.; Fischer, G.; van Velthuizen, H. 2020. Farming and food systems potentials. In Dixon, J.; Garrity, D. P.; Boffa, J.-M.; Williams, Timothy Olalekan; Amede, T.; Auricht, C.; Lott, R.; Mburathi, G. (Eds.). Farming systems and food security in Africa: priorities for science and policy under global change. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.535-561. (Earthscan Food and Agriculture Series)
Farming systems ; Food systems ; Food security ; Nutrition security ; Agricultural productivity ; Yield gap ; Intensification ; Diversification ; Agricultural population ; Farmers ; Farm size ; Nonfarm income ; Livestock ; Market access ; Poverty ; Households ; Living standards ; Labour mobility ; Strategies ; Institutions ; Policies ; Technology ; Natural resources management ; Ecosystem services / Sahel / Africa South of Sahara / West Africa / East Africa / Southern Africa / Central Africa / Middle East / North Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049741)
http://old.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/Publications/PDFS/BC20009.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049741.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049741.pdf
(0.18 MB) (181 KB)
10 Dixon, J.; Garrity, D.; Mburathi, G.; Boffa, J.-M.; Amede, T.; Williams, Timothy Olalekan. 2020. Ways forward: strategies for effective science, investments and policies for African farming and food systems. In Dixon, J.; Garrity, D. P.; Boffa, J.-M.; Williams, Timothy Olalekan; Amede, T.; Auricht, C.; Lott, R.; Mburathi, G. (Eds.). Farming systems and food security in Africa: priorities for science and policy under global change. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.562-588. (Earthscan Food and Agriculture Series)
Farming systems ; Food systems ; Agricultural development ; Food security ; Nutrition security ; Intensification ; Diversification ; Sustainability ; Innovation platforms ; Technology ; Policies ; Investment ; Market access ; Nonfarm income ; Farmers ; Population ; Social capital ; Strategies ; Energy / Sahel / Africa South of Sahara / West Africa / East Africa / Southern Africa / Central Africa / North Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049742)
http://apps.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/Publications/PDFS/BC20010.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049742.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049742.pdf
(1.90 MB) (1.90 MB)
11 Berhe, H. T. 2020. Households’ nonfarm livelihood participation and agricultural inputs investment: evidence from northern Ethiopia. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 17p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2020.1817261]
Off farm employment ; Households ; Livelihoods ; Nonfarm income ; Public participation ; Farm inputs ; Investment ; Livestock ; Income generation ; Rural areas ; Regression analysis / Ethiopia / Tigray
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050138)
(0.53 MB)
Evidence shows that nonfarm livelihood activities are an important source of income for rural households and they may interact with farm activities in different ways. This article attempts to examine the investment linkage in which evidence is scarce in the study area. Also the paper examines the determinants of households’ nonfarm employment participation. The study uses household level data collected from 455 randomly selected rural families in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Findings from the logit regression indicate that livestock holding, access to credit and male-headed households significantly increase nonfarm employment participation. Conversely, the possibility of nonfarm employment participation decreases with age, number of children, access to irrigation and remittance. Moreover, the propensity score matching estimates and auxiliary estimates using tobit and ordinary least square (OLS) consistently indicate nonfarm employment significantly decreases agricultural inputs investment. Similarly, participation in nonfarm activities significantly lowers investment in crop inputs. Further, findings from this study indicate that nonfarm livelihood activities may help in reducing rural poverty. Moreover, the study suggests that policies targeting enhancement of agricultural inputs investment should look at other options rather than relying on income generating nonfarm activities to increase agricultural inputs investment.
12 Maganga, A. M.; Chiwaula, L.; Kambewa, P. 2021. Climate induced vulnerability to poverty among smallholder farmers: evidence from Malawi. World Development Perspectives, 21:100273. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2020.100273]
Climate change ; Vulnerability ; Poverty ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Household consumption ; Living Standards ; Livestock ; Nonfarm income ; Flooding ; Drought ; Policies ; Models / Malawi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050301)
(0.95 MB)
Assessment of farmers’ climate change induced vulnerability is an important step for enhancing the understanding and decision-making to reduce such vulnerability. Using panel version of Malawi Living Standards Measurement Survey data of 2010, 2013 and 2016, this paper examines the magnitude of climate induced vulnerability to expected poverty among farming households and how climate change relates to ex-post poverty and poverty transition. We find that vulnerability is strongly associated with short-run climate stresses and less so with the long-run climate related shocks. The effects of vulnerability on actual poverty lessen with time in the long run. Similarly, climate related stresses worsen the welfare of farming households. Droughts, floods and irregular rainfall exacerbates poverty with droughts showing the greatest impact on farmers welfare loss, followed by floods. The study underscores the importance of livestock, in buffering against poverty through serving a safety net, and off-farm income-generating activities. This suggests that the inclusion of livestock in shaping of climate management policies for farmers is crucial.
13 Khan, N. A.; Qiao, J.; Abid, M.; Gao, Q. 2021. Understanding farm-level cognition of and autonomous adaptation to climate variability and associated factors: evidence from the rice-growing zone of Pakistan. Land Use Policy, 105:105427. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105427]
Climate change adaptation ; Strategies ; Farmers' attitudes ; Climate-smart agriculture ; Rice ; Nonfarm income ; Access to information ; Temperature ; Rainfall patterns ; Risk ; Tube wells ; Irrigation canals ; Socioeconomic environment ; Models / Pakistan / Punjab
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050303)
(2.05 MB)
This study was conducted in the rice-growing zone of Punjab province, where rice production is affected by climate variabilities. The study aimed to assess farmers' perception of and adaptation to climate variability and its associated factors. Cross-sectional data of 480 rice growers was collected from the four rice-growing districts in Punjab using a multi-stage sampling approach. A multivariate probit model is used to analyze the determinants of farmers' adaptation decisions, and an ordered probit model is employed to estimate the factors affecting adaptation intensity. We find that farmers perceived significant changes in local climate, i.e., increase in summer temperature, decrease in summer rainfall, and changing pattern of rainfall and winter cropping season. Rice growers applied supplementary irrigation, changed rice cultivation dates, considered fertilizer management and crop diversification, and changed crop varieties as adaptation strategies to cope with climatic variability. The results of the multivariate probit model indicate farmers' age, farm size, availability of water resources, livestock ownership, off-farm income, and access to farm advisory services, credit, and climate information as significant determinants of adaptation strategies. The ordered probit model shows a positive and significant effect of farmers' education level and availability of irrigation water, farm labor, credit, farm advisory services, and climate information on adaptation intensity. The findings identify lack of water resources, financial constraints, and limited advisory services as key barriers to adaptation. This study suggests that the government should adopt a proactive approach to support farming communities to adapt to climate variability through improved access to water resources, advisory services, and credit services.
14 Danso-Abbeam, G.; Ojo, T. O.; Baiyegunhi, L. J. S.; Ogundeji, A. A. 2021. Climate change adaptation strategies by smallholder farmers in Nigeria: does non-farm employment play any role? Heliyon, 7(6):E07162. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07162]
Climate change adaptation ; Strategies ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Non-farm employment ; Economic activities ; Nonfarm income ; Diversification ; Households ; Participation ; Socioeconomic environment ; Models / Nigeria
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050418)
https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2405-8440%2821%2901265-2
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050418.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050418.pdf
(1.08 MB) (1.08 MB)
Non-farm employment in agrarian communities in developing countries has received a lot of attention. However, its role in implementing climate change adaptation strategies is rarely discussed. This study employs a cross-sectional data to examine whether rural households in Southwest Nigeria are increasing the extent of climate change adaptation practices through their participation in non-farm employment. To account for selectivity bias, the study used endogenous treatment effect for count data model (precisely Poisson) augmented with the inverse probability-weighted-regression-adjustment (IPWRA) estimator. Both estimators found that rural non-farm jobs increase smallholder farmers' adaptive capacities and that participants would have used less adaptation techniques if they had not participated in non-farm work. Efforts to boost rural development must provide more employment opportunities for farmers, particularly during the off-cropping time. This will help farmers improve their ability to adopt more climate change adaptation strategies and, consequently increase farm productivity.
15 Ojo, T. O.; Adetoro, A. A.; Ogundeji, A. A.; Belle, J. A. 2021. Quantifying the determinants of climate change adaptation strategies and farmers' access to credit in South Africa. Science of the Total Environment, 792:148499. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148499]
Climate change adaptation ; Strategies ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Agricultural credit ; Agricultural productivity ; Drought ; Risk ; Resilience ; Sustainability ; Policies ; Livestock ; Nonfarm income ; Agricultural training ; Gender ; Models / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050471)
(1.22 MB)
The damaging effects of climate change on agricultural productivity are on the increase. Relevant adaptation strategies are important to cope with climate change risks and sustain agricultural productivity. This study employed descriptive statistics, multivariate probit (MVP) model and endogenous switching regression model (ESRM), to analyze the data collected using a survey questionnaire from four provinces in South Africa. The study estimated the determining factors influencing the adoption of climate change adaptation strategies and credit access among smallholder farmers in the study areas. The empirical results of the multivariate probit model showed that location, access to extension, non-farm income, farming experience, crop and livestock production, susceptibility, agricultural training and access to credit variables influenced the smallholder decision to adopt climate change adaptation strategies. On the other hand, the ESRM showed that location, age, marital status, gender among others, influenced the decision to adopt climate change adaptation strategies. The variables such as location, education, drought experience affected the smallholder farmers' access to credit. Thus, to improve the adaptive capacity of farmers, stakeholders and government must cooperate and collaborate to improve the conditions under which farmers can gain access to climate change information and suitable agricultural credit as well as policy incentives to ensure overall sustainability of the agricultural sector.
16 Antwi-Agyei, P.; Wiafe, E. A.; Amanor, K.; Baffour-Ata, F.; Codjoe, S. N. A. 2021. Determinants of choice of climate change adaptation practices by smallholder pineapple farmers in the semi-deciduous forest zone of Ghana. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 12:100140. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2021.100140]
Climate change adaptation ; Strategies ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Nonfarm income ; Forests ; Awareness ; Livelihoods ; Land fragmentation ; Land ownership ; Soil conservation ; Institutions ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Socioeconomic aspects / Ghana / Nsawam Adoagyiri
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050820)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665972721000416/pdfft?md5=5f862ffcc12a0a452cd0dd452a4fde9c&pid=1-s2.0-S2665972721000416-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050820.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050820.pdf
(1.60 MB) (1.60 MB)
This paper explored the extent to which the awareness of climate change affects the choice of climate change adaptation practice by smallholder pineapple farmers. This study used a cross-sectional data collected from 150 farmers in the Nsawam Adoagyiri Municipality, Ghana. We applied the Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to identify sub-population of pineapple farmers based on their awareness levels of climate change and socioeconomic characteristics. We then used a multinomial logistic regression to examine the extent to which differences in climate change awareness influence adaptation choices. Results indicated that, smallholder pineapple farmers are well aware of climate change and perceived changes in rainfall and temperature patterns. Further, the findings revealed that smallholder pineapple farmers are implementing a host of on-farm and off-farm climate change adaptation practices including irrigation, adjusting planting time, land fragmentation, the use of agro-ecological knowledge, and seasonal migration. The LCA identified three subgroups of smallholder pineapple farmers based on their level of awareness of climate change – strong climate change awareness group (n = 111; 74%), moderate climate change awareness group (n = 18; 12%) and poor climate change awareness group (n = 21; 14%). Results showed marginal differences in the adoption rate of adaptation practices across the observed subgroups of farmers. We identified that institutional factors including the quality of climate information, quality of extension services, access to credit, education and access to extension services have a stronger effect on climate change awareness and the choice of adaptation practice compared to individual factors such as gender, marital status and farmers' age.
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