Your search found 16 records
1 Chung, S. O.; Horten, R. 1987. Soil heat and water flow with a partial surface mulch. Water Resources Research, 23(12):2175-2186.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H03195)
2 Deng, X. P.; Shan, L.; Zhang, H.; Turner, N. C. 2006. Improving agricultural water use efficiency in arid and semiarid areas of China. Agricultural Water Management, 80(1-3):23-40.
Irrigated farming ; Water use efficiency ; Water conservation ; Water deficit ; Water stress ; Arid zones ; Water harvesting ; Terraces ; Mulching ; Fertilization / China / Yellow River / Ningxia / Inner Mongolia / Loess Plateau
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H038418)
3 Xie, Z.; Wang, Y.; Jiang, W.; Wei, X. 2006. Evaporation and evapotranspiration in a watermelon field mulched with gravel of different sizes in northwest China. Agricultural Water Management, 81(1-2):173-184.
Evaporation ; Evapotranspiration ; Watermelons ; Yields ; Mulching ; Watermelons ; Water use efficiency / China
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H038444)
4 Nijamudeen, M. S.; Dharmasena, P. B. 2002. Performance of chilli under drip-irrigation with mulch. Annals of the Sri Lanka Department of Agriculture, 4:89-94.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7639 Record No: H039363)
5 Qalandarov, Ruslan. 2007. Saline water irrigation and mulching effect on cotton production and soil quality in Syrdarya Province of Uzbekistan. Thesis for double degree program carried out in the frame of Tempus Ewasia Project in Central Asia. 45p.
Water quality ; Irrigation water ; Salinity ; Soil salinity ; Analysis ; Cotton ; Cultivation ; Soil moisture ; Mulching / Uzbekistan / Syrdarya Province
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: D 631.7.5 G782 QAL Record No: H040651)
(0.87 MB)
The deficiency of fresh irrigation water during the vegetation period is suffered in last decades due to change of flow pattern of Syrdarya river. This circumstance involved water use limitations in irrigation systems of Hunger steppe. The shortage of fresh irrigation water do not let grow intermediate and repeated crop. Freshwater shortage is the main problem in Hunger steppe in Syrdarya province, while a considerable amount of underground saline water and drainage water are available. Field experiment which was conducted during vegetation period of 2006 in Ak-altin experimental station verify that under irrigation with low quality water from drainage and drain well and with mulch application sustainable yield production can be obtained. Soil moisture and microbiological activity under mulching and saline water irrigation are better adjusts and contribute for plant growth in the rooting layer of soil. Two-factor experiment was setup with three level of saline water use (1) low saline, (2) high saline, (3) conjunctive use two waters and two level of mulching (1) no mulch, (2) with mulch on whole area. The result indicated that mulching was effective for increase of microbiological activity and in conserving soil moisture compared to non mulched treatments. The use of low quality water for irrigation with mulch has relatively the same yield production compared to good quality water irrigation.
6 Humphreys, E.; Masih, Ilyas; Kukal, S. S.; Turral, Hugh; Sikka, A. 2007. Increasing field-scale water productivity of rice-wheat systems in the Indo-Gangetic Basin. In Aggarwal, P. K.; Ladha, J. K.; Singh, R. K.; Devakumar, C.; Hardy, B. (Eds.). Science, technology, and trade for peace and prosperity. Proceedings of the 26th International Rice Research Conference, 9-12 October 2006, New Delhi, India. Los Baños (Philippines) and New Delhi (India): International Rice Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, and National Academy of Agricultural Sciences. New Delhi, India: Macmillan India Ltd. pp.321-341.
Rice ; Wheat ; Water conservation ; Irrigated farming ; Evapotranspiration ; Zero tillage ; Mulching / India / Pakistan / Indo-Gangetic Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.2 G635 HUM Record No: H040738)
7 Nangia, Vinay; Du, Jian Tao; Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Yan, Changrong. 2007. Modeling field-scale effects of conservation agriculture practices on soil water balance in the dryland regions of the Yellow River Basin, China. Paper presented at the 3rd International Yellow River Forum, Dongying, China, Oct 16-18, 2007. 12p.
Crop management ; Maize ; Tillage ; Soil water ; Water balance ; Simulation models ; Decision support tools ; River basins ; Erosion ; Zero tillage ; Mulching / China / Yellow River Basin / Shou Yang County
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 630 G592 NAN Record No: H040740)
Soil erosion by water is a severe problem for sustainability of agricultural systems in the dryland regions of the Yellow River Basin. Conservation agriculture (featuring reduced or zero tillage, mulch retention, crop rotations and cover crops) offers a possible solution. Conservation agriculture systems typically result in increased crop water availability, agro-ecosystem productivity and reduced soil erosion. To evaluate the potential of conservation agriculture to improve soil water balance and agricultural productivity, the DSSAT crop model was calibrated using the data of field experiment in Shou Yang County in the semi-arid northeastern part of the ellow River Basin. Its average annual precipitation is 472mm -75% of which falls during the rowing season. The site had a maize-fallow-maize rotation. We used two crop seasons-2005 and 2006 data from four treatments for calibration and analyses. The treatments were: conventional tillage (CT), no-till with straw mulching (NTSM), all-straw with return till (ASRT) and 1/3rd residue left with rolling till (RRT). The calibration results gave satisfactory agreement between field observed and model predicted values for crop yield and soil moisture contents for the 150cm soil profile for all treatments with difference between observed and predicted values being in the range of 3-25% for maize yield and RMSE in the range of 0.14-0.19cm3/cm3 for observed average soil moisture content. The predicted water productivity for the four treatments during dry year (precipitation 39% less than normal) was 1.59, 1.78, 1.67 and 1.52 kg/m3. and 1.70, 1.71, 1.71 and 1.70kg/m3 during the normal precipitation year (424.8 mm) for CT, NTSM, ASRT and RRT treatments, respectively. During the dry year, CT treatment produced highest ET (226mm) but NTSM treatment produced the highest crop yield (5736kg/ha)-suggesting that evaporative losses from CT treatment were higher than other NTSM treatment. During normal precipitation year, however, CT treatment produced highest ET (326mm) along with highest crop yield (6335kg/ha). During dry year, predicted moisture storage (_S) in the 150cm soil profile increased by 60% more for NTSM treatment compared to CT treatment. During normal precipitation fallow period, NTSM treatment predicted _S decreased by 63% less than CT treatment. These preliminary results are based on a two-year dataset and further long term analyses need to be carried out for improving the understanding of the conservation agriculture cropping systems in the Yellow River Basin.
8 Tchouaffe Tchiadje, N. F. 2007. Strategies to reduce the impact of salt on crops (rice, cotton and chili) production: a case study of the tsunami affected area of India. Desalination, 206: 524-530.
Cropping systems ; Rice ; Cotton ; Chillies ; Salt water intrusion ; Salinity control ; Water use efficiency ; Mulching ; Tsunamis / India / Chennai / Ramathapuram District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 7996 Record No: H041068)
This research project took place after a postgraduate course attended by the author at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), nearby the tsunami-affected area of the Ramathapuram district of Chennai State, India. Actually it is well known that the ever-growing desire of farmers the world over and particular in India is to increase their productivity and to alleviate their poverty; based on the negative impact generated by synthetic products (inorganic fertilizers and pesticides) on the environment and human health, the concept of organic farming has become very popular of late, with many advocating a return to traditional methods of agriculture. Furthermore, with the tsunami that took place in India neighbourhoods there was an intrusion of saline water on coastal land with an adverse impact. A direct consequence was soil erosion, an increase of the soil’s salinity and groundwater contamination. Therefore, appropriate strategies are considered to promote awareness and understanding on the tsunami’s impact on the environment through integrated soil-nutrients management in agro-ecosystems. This process encompasses salt control through efficient soil and water management with emphasis on soil nutrients. Actually, the general objective is to find suitable options to reduce the impact of salt on crop production, and the specific objectives are: (1) to assess the relationship between salt and crop production, and (2) to assess the sustainable approaches to tackle salt contamination with a view to make recommendations and to improve the agricultural environment for future generations. Lastly, the findings led to the identification of the direct symptoms of agricultural production shortages and to tackle the causes with regard to future generations.
9 Critchley, W.; Negi, G.; Brommer, M. 2008. Local innovation in ‘green water’ management. In Bossio, Deborah; Geheb, Kim (Eds.). Conserving land, protecting water. Wallingford, UK: CABI; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water & Food. pp.107-119. (Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Series 6)
Rainwater ; Mulching ; Cultivation ; Tillage ; Domestic gardens ; Terraces ; Erosion control ; Fertigation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G000 BOS Record No: H041596)
(347KB)
10 Bezborodov, G. A.; Shadmanov, D. K.; Mirhashimov, R. T.; Yuldashev, T.; Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; Noble, Andrew; Qadir, Manzoor. 2010. Mulching and water quality effects on soil salinity and sodicity dynamics and cotton productivity in Central Asia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 138(1-2):95-102. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.04.005]
Water scarcity ; Water quality ; Salinity ; Irrigation water ; Mulching ; Soil analysis ; Soil sampling ; Soil salinity ; Water productivity ; Cotton ; Yields ; Water conservation / Central Asia / Uzbekistan / Syr-Darya River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043366)
(0.66 MB)
Water scarcity and the predicted impact of climate change will necessitate the use of alternate available water resources in agriculture, such as saline water, to narrow the gap between demand and supply of freshwater. Saline water, in combination with freshwater or alone, is used to irrigate cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Central Asia in summer when there are often severe freshwater shortages. The use of saline water without appropriate management can result in the accumulation of salts in the root zone with associated negative impacts on crop productivity. The accumulation of salts in surface soil layers can be managed by reducing evaporation from the soil surface. A 3-year field study on a saline soil (ECe = 13.9 dSm-1; SAR = 3.1) in the Syr-Darya River Basin of Uzbekistan was undertaken to evaluate the effects of wheat straw mulching on alternate irrigation furrows (1.5 t ha-1) and different levels of irrigation water salinity (4.0, 6.2, and 8.3 dSm-1) on soil salinity and sodicity dynamics, cotton yield, and crop water productivity. Compared to the pre-experiment status in 2005, the average increase in salinity in the upper 0.15mlayer of post-cotton 2007 soil under mulching treatments was significantly less than the non-mulching treatments. On average, there was a 20% increase in surface soil salinity of the nonmulching treatments compared to the mulching treatments. These treatment differences were less with increasing soil depth. Similar trends were observed with respect to changes in soil SAR in the top soil and across the soil profile. Cotton yield and water productivity under mulching treatments were significantly greater than non-mulched treatments at a given irrigation water salinity level. In addition, cotton yields were up to 800 kg ha-1 higher and crop water productivity (lint + seed) up to 0.47 kgm-3 greater in the mulching treatments than the farmers’ managed fields with conventional practices in the same region. These results suggest that by using appropriate combinations of water quality and mulching, there could be substantial increase in crop yield and water productivity resulting in water savings of up to 0.5m3 for each kg of cotton produced. When translated on a broader scale, such water savings are significant in a region where freshwater supplies are constrained and salt-induced water quality deterioration is widespread.
11 Al-Dhuhli, H. S. A. 2009. Effect of mulching, irrigation rates and water quality on soil salinization. Thesis. Thesis submitted to the Department of Soils, Water and Agricultural Engineering, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Science in Bioresources and Agricultural Engineering. 100p.
Soil salinity ; Soil properties ; Soil moisture ; Salinity control ; Saline water ; Water quality ; Mulching ; Irrigation rates ; Irrigation systems ; Water resources ; Groundwater ; Plant growth / Oman
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631.42 G728 ALD Record No: H046507)
(0.14 MB)
12 Qiang, Z.; Yuanhong, L.; Chengxiang, M. (Ed.) 2007. Rainwater harvesting. Hefei, China: Anhui Educational Publishing House. 423p.
Rainwater ; Water harvesting ; Water resources ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water storage ; Tanks ; Water conservation ; Water quality ; Catchment areas ; Irrigation methods ; Economic analysis ; Tillage ; Mulching ; Irrigated farming ; Soil conservation ; Soil fertility ; Soil moisture ; Health hazards ; Humid tropics ; Social aspects ; Sustainability ; Community management ; Urban areas / China / Taiwan / Gansu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 QIA Record No: H046638)
(0.59 MB)
13 Barker, D. H.; Watson, A. J.; Sombatpanit, S.; Northcutt, B.; Maglinao, Amado R.; Ang, T. M. (Eds.) 2004. Ground and water bioengineering for erosion control and slope stabilization. Enfield, NH, USA: Science Publishers. 419p.
Biotechnology ; Watershed management ; Water conservation ; Erosion control ; Sloping land ; Soil stabilization ; Soil conservation ; Soil fertility ; Humid tropics ; Ecosystems ; Vegetation ; Root systems ; Nitrogen fixing trees ; Hedging plants ; Terrace cropping ; Mulching ; Indigenous knowledge ; Cultural methods ; Forest fires ; Highlands ; Dams ; Rivers ; Sedimentation ; Mudstone ; Granite soils ; Volcanic soils ; Mine spoil ; Landslides ; Hurricanes ; Sustainability ; Smallholders ; Cropping systems ; Cassava ; Road construction ; Case studies / Asia Pacific Region / USA / Philippines / China / Hong Kong / Nepal / India / Sri Lanka / Pakistan / Bangladesh / Vanuatu / Indonesia / South Western Taiwan / Korea / Papua New Guinea / South Africa / Maharashtra / Mangala Dam / Halsema Highway / Subic Freeport Expressway / Kosong / Rabaul
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 624.151363 G000 BAR Record No: H047280)
(0.43 MB)
14 Kuppannan, Palanisami; Kumar, D. S. 2017. Drought proofing strategies by farmers in southern India. IWMI-Tata Water Policy Research Highlight, 4. 8p.
Drought ; Adoption ; Strategies ; Farmer participation ; Groundwater ; Irrigation water ; Drip irrigation ; Wells ; Pumping ; Investment ; Water costs ; Water use ; Moisture conservation ; Mulching ; Trenching ; Urban areas / India / Tamil Nadu / Karnataka / Tumkur / Bijapur / Coimbatore / Tirupur
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048388)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/iwmi-tata/PDFs/iwmi-tata_water_policy_research_highlight-issue_04_2017.pdf
(296 KB)
15 Adimassu, Zenebe; Alemu, G.; Tamene, L. 2019. Effects of tillage and crop residue management on runoff, soil loss and crop yield in the humid highlands of Ethiopia. Agricultural Systems, 168:11-18. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2018.10.007]
Conservation tillage ; Crop production ; Crop yield ; Crop residues ; Crop management ; Productivity ; Ecosystem services ; Mulching ; Soil conservation ; Soil degradation ; Erosion ; Runoff ; Humid zones ; Highlands / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048973)
(1.08 MB)
This study was conducted on Eutric Nitisols of Holeta Agricultural Research Center (HARC) in the humid highlands of Ethiopia. The main objective was to assess the effect of tillage and crop residue management on runoff, soil loss and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield over three years (2009–2011). Nine treatments combining three tillage practices (zero, minimum and conventional tillage) and three rates of crop residue (0, 1 and 2 t ha-1 yr-1) were used. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The result showed that average runoff was significantly higher (332 mm) in zero tillage without crop residue (T0C0) and lower (198 mm) in conventional tillage with 2 t ha-1 yr-1 crop residue (T2C2). The average soil loss was lower (16 t ha-1 yr-1) in zero tillage with 2 t ha-1 yr-1 crop residue (T0C2) and higher (30 t ha-1 yr-1) in conventional tillage without crop residue (T2C0). Although, zero and minimum tillage treatments reduced soil loss significantly as compared with conventional tillage practices, the annual soil loss (16 t ha-1 yr-1) is still much higher than the tolerable soil loss for the Ethiopian highlands (2–10 t ha-1 yr-1). This suggests the need to complement zero and minimum tillage practices with physical soil and water conservation practices. On average, highest grain (2 t ha-1) and biomass (6 t ha-1) yields of wheat were recorded in T2C2 while the lowest grain and biomass yields were recorded in T0C0. Based on the above observation, we argue that conventional tillage combined with sufficient crop residue is the most appropriate approach to reduce runoff and increase wheat yield in the short-term. However, zero tillage practices with crop residue are effective to reduce soil loss. As this study was based on results of three years data, long-term study is needed to figure out the long-term impacts of tillage and crop residue management in Ethiopia.
16 Jovanovic, N.; Pereira, L. S.; Paredes, P.; Pocas, I.; Cantore, V.; Todorovic, M. 2020. A review of strategies, methods and technologies to reduce non-beneficial consumptive water use on farms considering the FAO56 methods. Agricultural Water Management, 239:106267. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106267]
Water use efficiency ; Irrigation management ; Irrigation methods ; Remote sensing ; Soil management ; Water scarcity ; Water stress ; Water conservation ; Crop water use ; Water requirements ; Evapotranspiration ; Water productivity ; Deficit irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Sprinkler irrigation ; Drip irrigation ; Irrigation scheduling ; Mulching ; Models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049833)
(0.97 MB)
In the past few decades, research has developed a multitude of strategies, methods and technologies to reduce consumptive water use on farms for adaptation to the increasing incidence of water scarcity, agricultural droughts and multi-sectoral competition for water. The adoption of these water-saving practices implies accurate quantification of crop water requirements with the FAO56 crop coefficient approach, under diverse water availability and management practices. This paper critically reviews notions and means for maintaining high levels of water consumed through transpiration, land and water productivity, and for minimizing non-beneficial water consumption at farm level. Literature published on sound and quantified experimentation was used to evaluate water-saving practices related to irrigation methods, irrigation management and scheduling, crop management, remote sensing, plant conditioners, mulching, soil management and micro-climate regulation. Summary tables were developed on the benefits of these practices, their effects on non-beneficial water consumption, crop yields and crop water productivity, and the directions for adjustment of FAO56 crop coefficients when they are adopted. The main message is that on-farm application of these practices can result in water savings to a limited extent (usually <20%) compared to sound conventional practices, however this may translate into large volumes of water at catchment scale. The need to streamline data collection internationally was identified due to the insufficient number of sound field experiments and modelling work on the FAO56 crop water requirements that would allow an improved use of crop coefficients for different field conditions and practices. Optimization is required for the application of some practices that involve a large number of possible combinations (e.g. wetted area in micro-irrigation, row spacing and orientation, plant density, different types of mulching, in-field water harvesting) and for strategies such as deficit irrigation that aim at balancing water productivity, the economics of production, infrastructural and irrigation system requirements. Further research is required on promising technologies such as plant and soil conditioners, and remote sensing applications.
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