Your search found 9 records
1 Fang, L.; Zhang, L. 2020. Does the trading of water rights encourage technology improvement and agricultural water conservation? Agricultural Water Management, 233:106097 (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106097]
Water rights ; Water market ; Agricultural water use ; Water conservation ; Industrial water use ; Irrigation water ; Technology ; Policies ; Farmers ; Income ; Models / China
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049550)
(1.13 MB)
Although agricultural irrigation technology in China has been steadily improved for decades, the realized water conservation in the agricultural sector is not as good as expected. This paper examines whether water rights trading can encourage agricultural water conservation through technology improvement. Our fixed effects model specification confirms that water rights trading has a moderation effect on agricultural water conservation via technology improvement. We further identify that the moderation effect is driven by two forces which we label as the “revenue-driven” effect and “industrial water pressure-driven” effect. In general, the revenue effect drives farmers to improve the technology. However, the pressure from industrial water demand has more pronounced effects than the revenue-driven channel. Under the dual pressure of high industrial water consumption and low water endowment, farmers tend actively promote irrigation technology and reduce agricultural water use even if there is no revenue-driven effects. In addition, this paper reveals the existence of bottleneck on the moderated technology improvement, due to the reduced capacity on water rights supply in the agricultural sector.
2 Yan, Z.; Zhou, Z.; Liu, J.; Wang, H.; Li, D. 2020. Water use characteristics and impact factors in the Yellow River Basin, China. Water International, 45(3):148-168. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2020.1743565]
River basins ; Domestic water ; Industrial water use ; Agricultural water use ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water resources ; Water policy ; Precipitation ; Socioeconomic development ; Sustainability / China / Yellow River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049894)
(2.43 MB)
This study focuses on the water use characteristics and impact factors in the Yellow River basin. Water use increased from 1980 to 2000 and then stabilized. Water use in the eight regions of the basin varies significantly in both time and space. Water use in different sectors is sensitive to variations in the irrigation area, industrial added value, efficiency, population and urbanization. Change trends are the results of the joint effects of supply-and-demand relationship and water policy. Water use is insensitive to precipitation, because irrigation mainly relies on river water and groundwater
3 UNESCO; UNESCO International Centre for Water Security and Sustainable Management (i-WSSM). 2020. Water reuse within a circular economy context. Paris, France: UNESCO; Daejeon, Republic of Korea: UNESCO International Centre for Water Security and Sustainable Management (i-WSSM). 218p. (Global Water Security Issues Series 2)
Water reuse ; Economic growth ; Wastewater treatment ; Recycling ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Goal 6 Clean water and sanitation ; Water resources ; Water availability ; Water governance ; Water scarcity ; Water security ; Water management ; Industrial water use ; Drinking water ; Freshwater ; Irrigation ; Food production ; Water market ; Climate change ; Resource recovery ; Treatment plants ; Technology ; Legal frameworks ; Regulations ; Best practices ; Observation ; Decision making ; Policies ; Stakeholders ; Periurban areas ; Case studies ; Towns / Latin America / Caribbean / Singapore / Australia / Morocco / Iran Islamic Republic / Spain / Nigeria / India / Kenya / Brazil / Nairobi / Bengaluru / Iguazu River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050062)
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000374715&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_1cd25cc1-2aee-472d-a7cc-0ab8c1be4b8a%3F_%3D374715eng.pdf&locale=en&multi=true&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000374715/PDF/374715eng.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050062.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050062.pdf
(14.60 MB) (14.6 MB)
4 Zeng, Q.; Brouwer, R.; Wang, Y.; Chen, L. 2021. Measuring the incremental impact of payments for watershed services on water quality in a transboundary river basin in China. Ecosystem Services, 51:101355. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101355]
Watershed services ; Water quality ; River basins ; Water pollution ; Industrial water use ; Industrial wastewater ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Upstream ; Downstream ; Monitoring ; Case studies / China / Zhejiang / Anhui / Huangshan / Xin’an River / Qiandao Lake
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050752)
(3.45 MB)
This study assesses the incremental impact of the first transboundary Payments for Watershed Services (PWS) scheme on water quality in China. Due to the absence of a control situation without the PWS scheme, the synthetic control method (SCM) is applied to construct a counterfactual for the prefecture city Huangshan in Eastern China where the PWS is implemented based on the socio-economic characteristics of more than 75 other prefecture cities. The creation of such a counterfactual is crucial in view of the declining trend in water pollution observed before implementation of the PWS scheme. Despite this downward trend in water pollution, an additional effect of the PWS scheme is observed. This result is not obtained when using any of the other prefecture cities as a placebo to test the robustness of this outcome. The application of the SCM in this study is a promising new avenue for the evaluation of PWS schemes elsewhere where similar control conditions are lacking. However, as we show, its applicability depends crucially on the availability of relevant water quality monitoring data.
5 Arora, M.; Yeow, L. W.; Cheah, L.; Derrible, S. 2022. Assessing water circularity in cities: methodological framework with a case study. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 178:106042. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.106042]
Water management ; Circular economy ; Urban areas ; Towns ; Water metabolism ; Water reuse ; Wastewater treatment ; Recycling ; Infrastructure ; Water policies ; Frameworks ; Water demand ; Water quality ; Industrial water use ; Water flow ; Indicators ; Anthropogenic factors ; Case studies / Singapore
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050868)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344921006509/pdfft?md5=b57146cb10184ac126e74224496d794b&pid=1-s2.0-S0921344921006509-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050868.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050868.pdf
(1.51 MB) (1.51 MB)
With significant efforts made to consider water reuse in cities, a robust and replicable framework is needed to quantify the degree of urban water circularity and its impacts from a systems perspective. A quantitative urban water circularity framework can benchmark the progress and compare the impacts of water circularity policies across cities. In that pursuit, we bring together concepts of resource circularity and material flow analysis (MFA) to develop a demand- and discharge-driven water circularity assessment framework for cities. The framework integrates anthropogenic water flow data based on the water demand in an urban system and treated wastewater discharge for primary water demand substitution. Leveraging the water mass balance, we apply the framework in evaluating the state of water circularity in Singapore from 2015 to 2019. Overall, water circularity has been steadily increasing, with 24.9% of total water demand fulfilled by secondary flows in 2019, potentially reaching 39.6% at maximum water recycling capacity. Finally, we discuss the wider implications of water circularity assessments for energy, the environment, and urban water infrastructure and policy. Overall, this study provides a quantitative tool to assess the scale of water circularity within engineered urban water infrastructure and its application to develop macro-level water systems planning and policy insights.
6 Dai, C.; Tang, J.; Li, Z.; Duan, Y.; Qu, Y.; Yang, Y.; Lyu, H.; Zhang, D.; Wang, Y. 2022. Index system of water resources development and utilization level based on water-saving society. Water, 14(5):802. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w14050802]
Water resources ; Water conservation ; Water use efficiency ; Economic development ; Water supply ; Domestic water ; Industrial water use ; Urbanization ; Mineral waters ; Ecological factors ; Indicators ; Sensitivity analysis ; Case studies / China / Jingyu County
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051043)
(2.05 MB) (2.05 MB)
The notion of a ‘Water-saving society’ may help China achieve sustainable development and high-quality development. In this paper, the concept of water resources development and utilization level is discussed from the perspective of a water-saving society, and an evaluation index system including 33 indicators is constructed. This paper takes the evaluation of water resources development and utilization level of Jingyu County from 2009 to 2018 as an example to verify the rationality of the indicator system of this study. Additionally, by changing the sensitivity analysis method of indicator weights, the indicators with greater influence on the evaluation results are screened to reduce the uncertainty of too many indicators and low correlation. The results show that the evaluation value of water resources development and utilization level in Jingyu County from 2009 to 2018 was improved from V to II, and the improvement of industrial and domestic water use efficiency and effectiveness improved the water resource problems in the study area. Sensitivity analysis showed that the sensitivity parameters are the degree of water resources development and utilization (8.7%), water consumption per CNY 10,000 of industrial value added (11.2%), water consumption per CNY 10,000 of GDP (9.3%), leakage rate of the urban water supply network (8.4%), per capita water resources (10.1%), per capita COD emissions (9.3%) and urbanization rate (8.2%).
7 Mu, L.; Mou, M.; Tang, H. 2022. Does the water resource ‘fee to tax’ policy alleviate water poverty? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment. Water Supply, 22(12):8465-8482. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2022.382]
Water resources ; Water use ; Poverty ; Taxes ; Policies ; Models ; Water management ; Economic aspects ; Economic development ; Industrial water use ; Indicators / China / Hebei
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051592)
https://iwaponline.com/ws/article-pdf/22/12/8465/1157320/ws022128465.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051592.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051592.pdf
(0.81 MB) (824 KB)
Levying a water resources tax policy which is called ‘fee to tax’ is a regulation formulated by China to restrain and alleviate water poverty. To test the effect of the water resources ‘fee to tax’, this research employs a multistage dynamic difference-in-differences (DID) model to explore whether the implementation of the policy can help alleviate water poverty based on panel data from 2009 to 2019. The results indicate the water poverty in western China is significantly more serious than in other regions and the implementation of the water resources tax policy significantly alleviates water poverty (the sign of the policy is positive and significant at the 1% level) in China. Additionally, the mechanism effects suggest that the policy can effectively restrain water poverty by reducing groundwater exploitation and optimizing the water utilization structure. In terms of spatial heterogeneity, the effect of the water resources tax policy on alleviating water poverty is stronger in central and eastern regions than in western regions. The conclusions of this study may, to some degree, serve as a basis to scientifically guide the implementation of China's water resources ‘fee to tax’ policy and, thus, effectively improve the level of water resources management.
8 Dai, Y.; Liu, Z. 2023. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of urban and rural water scarcity and its influencing factors across the world. Ecological Indicators, 153:110386. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110386]
Water scarcity ; Water security ; Climate change ; Socioeconomic development ; Landscape ; Sustainability ; Water availability ; Industrial water use ; Domestic water ; Irrigation water ; Water resources ; Population growth
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052109)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X23005289/pdfft?md5=464357523633141f8577046c37da046b&pid=1-s2.0-S1470160X23005289-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052109.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052109.pdf
(6.96 MB) (6.96 MB)
Water scarcity is essentially caused by the spatiotemporal mismatch of water availability and water withdrawal. However, existing studies are still insufficient in revealing the spatiotemporal heterogeneity and rural–urban differences of global water scarcity and its influencing factors. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap. From 1960 to 2014, both of the water-scarce population and its proportion in the total population showed a growth trend. The annual growth rate of water-scarce urban population was higher than that of water-scarce rural population, but the standard deviation of monthly water-scarce rural population was higher than that of water-scarce urban population. The proportion of water-scarce population was high and also variable across months in the middle- and low-latitude countries of the Northern Hemisphere, such as Pakistan, Mexico and Iran. Expansion of water-scarce areas had contributed to 60% of the global water-scarce population growth, while the relative contribution of population increases in the initial water-scarce catchments was about 40%. As for the expansion of water-scarce areas, the relative contributions of irrigation, domestic, and industrial water withdrawal were 35.28%, 24.28%, and 17.02%, respectively. In most high-latitude countries of the Northern Hemisphere, industrial water withdrawal was the main influencing factor. In several Southern Hemisphere countries, domestic water withdrawal was the most influential factor. In most Asian countries, the impact of irrigation water withdrawal was considerable. In addition, the impacts of water availability and irrigation water withdrawal were greatest in July, while the impacts of domestic and industrial water withdrawal were greatest in December. The relative contributions of water availability and irrigation water withdrawal were highly variable in Iran, Pakistan and India. The monthly variability in industrial water withdrawal was high in European countries. There was high variability in all influencing factors in China and some Central Asian countries. According to the variability of water scarcity and influencing factors, water-scarce countries should implement effective water resources management, based on the potential solutions such as the construction of water conservancy facilities, virtual water trade, and improving the efficiency of water use and recycling.
9 Matheswaran, Karthikeyan; Akhtar, T. 2023. Land and water use. In Shah, Muhammad Azeem Ali; Lautze, Jonathan; Meelad, A. (Eds.). Afghanistan–Pakistan shared waters: state of the basins. Wallingford, UK: CABI. pp.99-119. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1079/9781800622371.0007]
Land use ; Agricultural water use ; Transboundary waters ; River basin management ; Land cover ; Domestic water ; Industrial water use / Afghanistan / Pakistan / Kabul River Basin / Kurram River Basin / Gomal River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052172)
https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/epdf/10.1079/9781800622371.0007
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052172.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052172.pdf
(6.04 MB) (6.04 MB)
Two remote-sensing datasets were used to estimate land and water use in the Kabul, Kurram and Gomal transboundary basins shared between Afghanistan and Pakistan. The proportion of different land-cover classes within these three basins was estimated. Barren land and rangeland form the largest block of land-cover classes owing to the prevailing semi-arid conditions. Domestic water use ranges from 21.2 million m3 (mcm) in Gomal to 554 mcm in Kabul and 106 mcm in the Kurram. Due to the lack of data, industrial water use was assumed to be one quarter of domestic water use. According to the cropland area estimated using the Regional Land Cover Monitoring System (RCLMS) and evapotranspiration data, agricultural water use is 7350 mcm, 1890 mcm and 716 mcm in the Kabul, Kurram and Gomal basins, respectively. Improving transboundary co-operation can help optimize land and water use in the basins. Given the difficult context in which water co-operation would start from zero, ‘low-hanging fruit’ for advancing co-operation may lie in: (i) focusing effort on the Kurram and Gomal where, given land- and water use patterns, efforts towards co-operation may be less contentious; and (ii) focusing on data collection and assessment to establish an evidence-based foundation on which co-operation can build.
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