Your search found 4 records
1 Amoah, Philip; Adamtey, N.; Cofie, Olufunke. 2017. Effect of urine, poultry manure, and dewatered faecal sludge on agronomic characteristics of cabbage in Accra, Ghana. Resources, 6(2):1-14. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/resources6020019]
Soil chemicophysical properties ; Soil analysis ; Chemical analysis ; Fertilizer application ; pH ; Urine ; Poultry droppings ; Organic fertilizers ; Faecal sludge ; Agronomic characters ; Nutrient uptake ; Urban agriculture ; Cabbages ; Nitrogen fertilizers ; Wet season ; Farmers ; Environmental pollution ; Water pollution / Ghana / Accra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048132)
(1.39 MB)
The study was to assess the: (i) effect of human urine and other organic inputs on cabbage growth, yield, nutrient uptake, N-use efficiency, and soil chemical characteristics; (ii) economic returns of the use of urine and/or other organic inputs as a source of fertiliser for cabbage production. To meet these objectives, participatory field trials were conducted at Dzorwulu, Accra. Four different treatments (Urine alone, Urine + dewatered faecal sludge (DFS), Urine + poultry droppings (PD), NPK (15-15-15) + PD) were applied in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with soil alone as control. Each treatment was applied at a rate of 121 kg·N·ha-1 corresponding to the Nitrogen requirement of cabbage in Ghana. Growth and yield parameters, plant nutrient uptake, and soil chemical characteristics were determined using standard protocols. There were no significant differences between treatments for cabbage head weight, or total and marketable yields. However, unmarketable yield from NPK + PD was 1 to 2 times higher (p < 0.05) than those from Urine + PD, Urine + DFS, and Urine alone. Seasonal effect on yields was also pronounced with higher (p < 0.001) cabbage head weight (0.95 kg) and marketable yields (12.7 kg·ha-1) in the dry season than the rainy season (0.42 kg and 6.27 kg·ha-1). There was higher (p < 0.005) phosphorous uptake in cabbage from Urine + PD treated soil than those from other treatments. Nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) uptake in the dry season was significantly higher than the rainy season. Soils treated with Urine + DFS and Urine + PD were high in total N content. Urine + PD and Urine + DFS treated soils gave fairly high yield than PD + NPK with a net gain of US$1452.0 and US$1663.5, respectively. The application of urine in combination with poultry droppings has the potential to improve cabbage yields, nutrient uptake, and soil nitrogen and phosphorous content.
2 Jambeck, J.; Hardesty, B. D.; Brooks, A. L.; Friend, T.; Teleki, K.; Fabres, J.; Beaudoin, Y.; Bamba, A.; Francis, J.; Ribbink, A. J.; Baleta, T.; Bouwman, H.; Knox, J.; Wilcox, C. 2018. Challenges and emerging solutions to the land-based plastic waste issue in Africa. Marine Policy, 96:256-263. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.10.041]
Waste management ; Plastic waste ; Environmental effects ; Environmental pollution ; Coastal area ; Marine environment ; Sea pollution ; Governance ; Economic development / Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049293)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X17305286/pdfft?md5=9ccfee769d939888466850d87a8081b7&pid=1-s2.0-S0308597X17305286-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049293.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049293.pdf
(2.16 MB) (2.16 MB)
In recent years, there has been a tremendous increase in work that focuses on the amount and types of waste entering the marine environment from multiple geographies around the world. To date, however, there are few reports about the scale of waste entering the coastal and oceanic waters around Africa. To address this knowledge gap, existing information was collated on waste mismanagement that can become marine debris in Africa at the continental scale. This paper focuses on identifying sources and seeking solutions to waste mismanagement. Stories are shared about opportunities that have arisen and solutions that are taking place in several countries around Africa. Finally, impediments to success are discussed and sectors are described where investments can be made to significantly reduce this growing global problem.
3 Gross,T.; Breitenmoser, L.; Kumar, S.; Ehrensperger, A.; Wintgens, T.; Hugi, C. 2021. Anaerobic digestion of biowaste in Indian municipalities: effects on energy, fertilizers, water and the local environment. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 170:105569. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105569]
Waste management ; Urban wastes ; Biowaste ; Biogas ; Anaerobic treatment ; Renewable energy ; Fertilizers ; Water resources ; Environmental pollution ; Emission ; Sustainable agriculture ; Villages ; Towns ; Households ; Public health / India / Maharashtra / Deolapar / Pachgaon / Badlapur / Ambarnath / Nagpur / Thane
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050404)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344921001762/pdfft?md5=bb0d9c8fdab0096a134a7860bf08227f&pid=1-s2.0-S0921344921001762-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050404.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050404.pdf
(3.55 MB) (3.55 MB)
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of biowaste seems promising to provide renewable energy (biogas) and organic fertilizers (digestate) and mitigate environmental pollution in India. Intersectoral analyses of biowaste management in municipalities are needed to reveal benefits and trade-offs of AD at the implementation-level. Therefore, we applied material flow analyses (MFAs) to quantify effects of potential AD treatment of biowaste on energy and fertilizer supply, water consumption and environmental pollution in two villages, two towns and two cities in Maharashtra. Results show that in villages AD of available manure and crop residues can cover over half of the energy consumption for cooking (EC) and reduce firewood dependency. In towns and cities, AD of municipal biowaste is more relevant for organic fertilizer supply and pollution control because digestate can provide up to several times the nutrient requirements for crop production, but can harm ecosystems when discharged to the environment. Hence, in addition to energy from municipal biowaste - which can supply 4-6% of EC - digestate valorisation seems vital but requires appropriate post-treatment, quality control and trust building with farmers. To minimize trade-offs, water-saving options should be considered because 2-20% of current groundwater abstraction in municipalities is required to treat all available biowaste with 'wet' AD systems compared to <3% with 'dry' AD systems. We conclude that biowaste management with AD requires contextualized solutions in the setting of energy, fertilizers and water at the implementation-level to conceive valorization strategies for all AD products, reduce environmental pollution and minimize trade-offs with water resources.
4 Stavi, I. 2022. Rio (1992) to Glasgow (2021): three decades of inadequate mitigation of climate change and its slow onset effects. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10:999788. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.999788]
Climate change mitigation ; Global warming ; Land degradation ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Soil salinization ; Forest degradation ; Sea level ; Coral bleaching ; Desertification ; Environmental pollution ; Ecosystem services ; Biodiversity ; Flooding ; Vegetation ; Small Island Developing States
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051510)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.999788/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051510.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051510.pdf
(3.32 MB) (3.32 MB)
This study reviews the global increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), alongside the accelerated climatic change and its slow onset effects (or events) between 1992 and 2021. The establishment of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992, and the simultaneous UN Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, generated the international efforts to tackle climatic change. Over the years, the UNFCCC-Conference of the Parties (COP) has led the efforts in climate change mitigation and adaptation, with many sequential meetings across the world. Three decades later, at the COP26 meeting in Glasgow in 2021, it is evident that climate change impacts have substantially worsened. Despite some uncertainties, it seems that over the last three decades, the climate change slow onset events, including 1) increasing temperatures, 2) glacial retreat, 3) sea level rise, 4) ocean acidification, 5) soil salinization, 6) land and forest degradation, 7) loss of biodiversity, and 8) desertification, have substantially exacerbated. Simultaneously, other (non-GHGs related) anthropogenic impacts, including habitat fragmentation, land-use and sea-use change and misuse, species overexploitation, environmental pollution, infrastructure constructions, and urbanization, have considerably increased. With the aim of achieving the Shared Socio-Economic Pathways 1.9 (SSP1-1.9) or SSP1-2.6 ultimate goals—keeping global warming in 2,100 below 1.5°C or 2.0°C, respectively, compared to preindustrial levels—it may still be possible to avoid climate change’s irreversible tipping points. To reach this target, policymaking must become more decisive and proactive, with continuous risks assessment, frequent monitoring of outcomes and their compatibility to goals, implementing practical legislation tools, and assigning specific financial instruments, aimed at effectively tackling climate change slow onset events and related environmental issues. Substantial efforts should be invested in boosting climate change mitigation, while simultaneously targeting effective climatic change adaptation measures and promoting environmental conservation and restoration. Relying on tools such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will sustain provisioning, supporting, regulating, and cultural ecosystem services, thus improving water-, food-, environmental-, energy-, economic-, health-, and governance-security, while lessening the risks of social unrest, violent conflicts, mass migration, and other humanitarian catastrophes.
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