Your search found 22 records
1 Gopal, A. 2003. Water for all: a success story of networked farm ponds in Karnataka. Pune, India: BAIF Development Research Foundation; New Delhi, India: India Canada Environment Facility. 66p.
Watershed management ; Water resources development ; Drinking water ; Farm ponds ; Networks ; Preservation ; Electrical energy ; Energy conservation ; Income ; Women ; Environmental effects / India / Karnataka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 GOP Record No: H044235)
http://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044235_TOC.pdf
(0.42 MB)

2 Biswas, A. K.; Kirchherr, J. 2014. Shale gas for energy security in India: perspectives and constraints. In Grafton, R. Q.; Wyrwoll, P.; White, C.; Allendes, D. (Eds.). Global water: issues and insights. Canberra, Australia: Australian National University (ANU Press). pp.145-150.
Energy conservation ; Energy technology ; Natural gas ; Constraints ; Wastewater / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046557)
http://press.anu.edu.au/apps/bookworm/view/Global+Water%3A+Issues+and+Insights/11041/ch05.5.xhtml#toc_marker-34
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046557.pdf
(0.09 MB)

3 Maheshwari, B.; Purohit, R.; Malano, H.; Singh, V. P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. (Eds.) 2014. The security of water, food, energy and liveability of cities: challenges and opportunities for peri-urban futures. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. 489p. (Water Science and Technology Library Volume 71)
Water security ; Food security ; Food production ; Food supply ; Energy conservation ; Agriculture ; Periurban areas ; Urban areas ; Urbanization ; Rural areas ; Hydrological cycle ; Models ; Sustainable development ; Social aspects ; Water footprint ; Water supply ; Water use ; Water demand ; Water availability ; Catchment areas ; Solar energy ; Carbon cycle ; Sanitation ; Health hazards ; Malnutrition ; Milk production ; Decentralization ; Wastewater management ; Wastewater treatment ; Excreta ; Waste treatment ; Nutrients ; Horticulture ; Labour mobility ; Climate change ; Knowledge management ; Greenhouse gases ; Emission reduction ; Land use ; Biodiversity ; Case studies / India / Australia / Ghana / Iran / West Africa / Ethiopia / Uganda / Africa South of Sahara / Senegal / Bangladesh / Melbourne / Tamale / Shiraz / Sydney / Addis Ababa / Accra / Hyderabad / Kampala / Dakar / Dhaka / Udaipur / Bharatpur / Tigray Region / Rajasthan / Rajsamand District / South Creek Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI, e-copy SF Record No: H046685)
http://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046685_TOC.pdf
(10.11 MB)

4 Biggs, E. M.; Boruff, B.; Bruce, E.; Duncan, J. M. A.; Haworth, B. J.; Duce, S.; Horsley, J.; Curnow, Jayne; Neef, A.; McNeill, K.; Pauli, N.; Van Ogtrop, F.; Imanari, Y. 2014. Environmental livelihood security in Southeast Asia and Oceania: a water-energy-food-livelihoods nexus approach for spatially assessing change. White paper. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 114p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2014.231]
Environmental sustainability ; Environmental management ; Ecological factors ; Biodiversity ; Living standards ; Water security ; Energy conservation ; Food security ; Climate change ; Temperature ; Precipitation ; Cyclones ; Agriculture ; Farmland ; Demography ; Urbanization ; Sociocultural environment ; Gender ; Community management ; Institutions ; Political aspects ; Remote sensing ; Natural disasters ; Monitoring ; Sustainable development ; Assessment / Southeast Asia / Oceania
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046758)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Other/PDF/environmental_livelihood_security_in_southeast_asia_and_oceania.pdf
(5 MB)

5 Lebel, L.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Krittasudthacheewa, C. 2014. Place-based lessons for regional economic development and sustainability. In Lebel, L.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Krittasudthacheewa, C.; Daniel, R. (Eds.). Climate risks, regional integration and sustainability in the Mekong region. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre (SIRDC); Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI). pp.335-349.
Economic development ; Sustainability ; Living standards ; Urbanization ; Natural resources management ; Ecosystem services ; Energy conservation ; Emission ; Climate change ; Risks ; Farmers ; Case studies / Southeast Asia / Thailand / Cambodia / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Mekong Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046901)
http://www.sei-international.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/sumernet_book_climate_risks_regional_integration_sustainability_mekong_region.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046901.pdf

6 UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme. 2015. Water for a sustainable world. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2015. Paris, France: UNESCO. 139p.
Water resources ; Sustainable development ; Groundwater ; Water use efficiency ; Water demand ; Water governance ; Economic development ; Agricultural development ; Food security ; Energy conservation ; Industrial development ; Ecosystems ; Climate change ; Flooding ; Water supply ; Drinking water ; Urbanization ; Social aspects ; Poverty ; Gender ; Equity ; Living standards ; Sanitation ; Investment / Europe / North America / Asia-Pacific / Arab region / Latin America / Carribbean / Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047011)
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002318/231823E.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047011.pdf
(4.62 MB) (4.85 MB)

7 Craig, D.; Jeffery, M. 2014. Adaptive governance for extreme events in peri-urban areas: a case study of the Greater Western Sydney. In Maheshwari, B.; Purohit, R.; Malano, H.; Singh, V. P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. (Eds.). The security of water, food, energy and liveability of cities: challenges and opportunities for peri-urban futures. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.449-462. (Water Science and Technology Library Volume 71)
Periurban areas ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Governance ; Water security ; Food security ; Energy conservation ; Legal aspects ; Environmental management ; Planning ; Corporate culture ; Case studies / Australia / New South Wales / Greater Western Sydney
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047053)
The sustainable future of peri-urban regions in the face of increased extreme events is dependent upon the development and implementation of adaptive governance models. The case of the Greater Western Sydney region of New South Wales is used here to illustrate the need to improve legal and institutional frameworks for peri-urban governance. This is needed to ensure that decision-making at the regional level is based on science and to effectively address the issues arising in a situation of extreme events that threaten food and water security in the region. Environmental law is relatively well developed in terms of the requirements of ‘‘good governance’’ that should integrate participation in decision-making by stakeholders. Increasingly, the principles of ecologically sustainable development (ESD) are also being elaborated as part of governance systems. The focus of this paper is to elaborate the challenges posed by climate change and variability, and the need to fundamentally re-think the approaches on adaptive governance for food and water security in peri-urban areas. Long term trends may be relatively well understood, but strategic planning and responses must be undertaken in the face of considerable uncertainty about exactly when, and how, extreme events will occur.

8 Singh, V. P.; Maheshwari, B. 2014. Securing water, food, energy and liveability of cities: an epilogue. In Maheshwari, B.; Purohit, R.; Malano, H.; Singh, V. P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. (Eds.). The security of water, food, energy and liveability of cities: challenges and opportunities for peri-urban futures. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.475-485. (Water Science and Technology Library Volume 71)
Water security ; Food security ; Energy conservation ; Periurban areas ; Urbanization ; Urban agriculture ; Governance ; Ecosystems ; Climate change ; Wastewater treatment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047055)
This chapter provides the summary of the main points covered in the preceding chapters. The book has six parts, including integrated water cycle modelling, urbanization, water and energy covering aspects of urban agriculture, global warming and climate change, landscape and ecosystem, and governance. The topics covered in different sections of the book are wide ranging and therefore the book illustrates the level of complexity of peri-urban landscapes. The book emphasise the need for integrated planning of future development of peri-urban areas so that our cities sustainable, resilient and liveable.

9 Beinecke, F. 2013. Global partnerships for environmental progress. In Brittlebank, W.; Saunders, J. (Eds.). Climate action 2013-2014. [Produced for COP19 - United Nations Climate Change Conference, Warsaw, Poland, 11-22 November 2013]. London, UK: Climate Action; Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). pp.52-55.
International cooperation ; Partnerships ; Environmental sustainability ; Climate change ; Emission reduction ; Greenhouse gases ; Carbon ; Energy policies ; Energy conservation ; International organizations / China / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 577.22 G000 BRI Record No: H047243)
http://www.climateactionprogramme.org/bookstore/book_2013
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047243.pdf
(3.12 MB)

10 Jagerskog, A.; Clausen, T. J.; Holmgren, T.; Lexen, K. (Eds.) 2014. Energy and water: the vital link for a sustainable future. Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI). 61p. (SIWI Report 33)
Energy conservation ; Water resources ; Water power ; Water security ; Water supply ; Water demand ; Freshwater ; Environmental effects ; Natural gas ; Carbon dioxide ; Emission ; Forests ; Climate change adaptation ; Sustainability ; Ecosystems ; International cooperation ; Partnerships ; Economic aspects ; Social aspects ; Poverty ; Urban areas
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.79 G000 JAG Record No: H047354)
http://www.worldwaterweek.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/2014_WWW_Report_web-2.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047354.pdf
(1.62 MB) (1.62 MB)

11 Vairavamoorthy, K.; Eckart, J.; Philippidis, G.; Tsegaye, S. 2014. Water and energy in the urban setting. In Jagerskog, A.; Clausen, T. J.; Holmgren, T.; Lexen, K. (Eds.). Energy and water: the vital link for a sustainable future. Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI). pp.45-49. (SIWI Report 33)
Energy demand ; Water supply ; Water demand ; Water management ; Urban areas ; Energy conservation ; Strategies ; Wastewater treatment ; Carbon dioxide ; Emission reduction
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.79 G000 JAG Record No: H047359)
http://www.worldwaterweek.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/2014_WWW_Report_web-2.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047359.pdf
(0.13 MB) (1.62 MB)

12 Lankford, B.; Makin, Ian; Matthews, N.; McCornick, Peter G.; Noble, A.; Shah, Tushaar. 2016. A compact to revitalise large-scale irrigation systems using a leadership-partnership-ownership 'Theory of Change' Water Alternatives, 9(1):1-32.
Irrigation systems ; Large scale systems ; Food security ; Water security ; Water allocation ; Ecosystem services ; Crop production ; Irrigated land ; Irrigation canals ; Energy conservation ; Economic growth ; Leadership ; Partnerships ; Ownership ; River basin management
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047459)
http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/302-a9-1-1/file
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047459.pdf
(1.39 MB)
In countries with transitional economies such as those found in South Asia, large-scale irrigation systems (LSIS) with a history of public ownership account for about 115 million ha (Mha) or approximately 45% of their total area under irrigation. In terms of the global area of irrigation (320 Mha) for all countries, LSIS are estimated at 130 Mha or 40% of irrigated land. These systems can potentially deliver significant local, regional and global benefits in terms of food, water and energy security, employment, economic growth and ecosystem services. For example, primary crop production is conservatively valued at about US$355 billion. However, efforts to enhance these benefits and reform the sector have been costly and outcomes have been underwhelming and short-lived. We propose the application of a 'theory of change' (ToC) as a foundation for promoting transformational change in large-scale irrigation centred upon a 'global irrigation compact' that promotes new forms of leadership, partnership and ownership (LPO). The compact argues that LSIS can change by switching away from the current channelling of aid finances controlled by government irrigation agencies. Instead it is for irrigators, closely partnered by private, public and NGO advisory and regulatory services, to develop strong leadership models and to find new compensatory partnerships with cities and other river basin neighbours. The paper summarises key assumptions for change in the LSIS sector including the need to initially test this change via a handful of volunteer systems. Our other key purpose is to demonstrate a ToC template by which large-scale irrigation policy can be better elaborated and discussed.

13 Nair, P. K. R.; Garrity, D. (Eds.) 2012. Agroforestry - the future of global land use. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. 549p. (Advances in Agroforestry 9) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4676-3]
Agroforestry systems ; Land use ; Land management ; Landscape ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Habitats ; Ecosystem services ; Biodiversity conservation ; Rural development ; Trees ; Domestication ; Carbon sequestration ; Carbon credits ; Agriculture ; Farming systems ; Research and Development ; Energy conservation ; Energy generation ; Renewable energy ; Bioenergy ; Industrialization ; Soil properties ; Rangelands ; Gender ; Smallholders ; Food security ; Germplasm ; Rehabilitation ; Greenhouse gases ; Emission ; Sustainability ; Organic agriculture ; Organic fertilizers ; Faidherbia albida ; Natural resources management ; Forest conservation ; Tillage ; Residues ; Nutrient cycling ; Grazing ; Cropping systems ; Shifting cultivation ; Rubber plants ; Wetlands ; Living standards ; Cashews ; Smallholders ; Fruit growing ; Poverty ; Rural communities ; Environmental policy ; Environmental services ; Silvopastoral systems ; Economic aspects ; Alley cropping ; Reclamation ; Indigenous knowledge ; Urbanization ; Agrobiodiversity ; Fertilizers ; Resource conservation ; Legal aspects ; Corporate culture ; Theobroma cacao ; Coffea ; Forage ; Soil fertility ; Case studies / Asia / Europe / Africa / Indonesia / China / USA / Canada / Japan / Latin America / Kenya / Philippines / Niger / Amazon / Sumatra / Xishuangbanna
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H047924)

14 Sadoff, C. W.; Hall, J. W.; Grey, D.; Aerts, J. C. J. H.; Ait-Kadi, M.; Brown, C.; Cox, A.; Dadson, S.; Garrick, D.; Kelman, J.; McCornick, Peter; Ringler, C.; Rosegrant, M.; Whittington, D.; Wiberg, D. 2015. Securing water, sustaining growth. Report of the GWP/OECD Task Force on Water Security and Sustainable Growth. Oxford, UK: University of Oxford. 171p.
Water security ; Water scarcity ; Water supply ; Sustainable development ; Economic growth ; Investment ; Energy conservation ; Sanitation ; River basins ; Aquifers ; Urban areas ; Hydrological factors
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047036)
http://www.water.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/SCHOOL-OF-GEOGRAPHY-SECURING-WATER-SUSTAINING-GROWTH-DOWNLOADABLE.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047036.pdf
(11.03 MB)

15 Dey, A.; Singh, G.; Gupta, A. K. 2018. Women and climate stress: role reversal from beneficiaries to expert participants. World Development, 103:336-359. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.07.026]
Climate change adaptation ; Gender ; Women's participation ; Food supply ; Human nutrition ; Sustainability ; Energy conservation ; Crops ; Varieties ; Villages ; Indigenous knowledge ; Models / India / Uttar Pradesh / Isoulibhari / Shivnathpur / Kharella
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048594)
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048594.pdf
(1.73 MB)
Women, especially in the marginalized communities of the high-risk regions prone to flood and drought are considered most vulnerable to climate change risks. They play a very important role in household nutrition management and resource management in terms of labor, off-farm products, and small savings. In the absence of help from formal and informal R and D and technology institutions, their knowledge and resources’ exchange system has to be very robust to cope with the seasonal shortages arising due to climate fluctuations. The study found that these exchanges, spilling over caste or class boundaries, serve as valuable informal safety nets and contribute to household resilience. Researchers seeking to strengthen community coping strategies should pursue such polices and institutional interventions which strengthen women’s resource exchange and exploitation mechanisms. We offer in the end a 4-E model involving exchange, expertise, ethics, and environmental consciousness which describes how these empower women and help in articulation of their unique coping strength at intra- and inert-community levels. Lateral learning among community members sustains and enhances over time collective and household coping strategies with climate risks.

16 Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Yuldashev, T.; Holmatov, B.; Gafurov, Zafar. 2019. Assessing water use, energy use and carbon emissions in lift-irrigated areas: a case study from Karshi steppe in Uzbekistan. Irrigation and Drainage, 68(3):409-419. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2321]
Irrigated land ; Water use ; Water conservation ; Water requirements ; Energy consumption ; Energy conservation ; Greenhouse gases ; Carbon ; Emission reduction ; Pumps ; Irrigation scheduling ; Steppes ; River basins ; Farmers ; Case studies / Uzbekistan / Kashkadarya Province
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049085)
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049085.pdf
(0.55 MB)
The advantages of a nexus approach in addressing complex environmental challenges are becoming increasingly clear. In Central Asia, however, the nexus between water–food–energy has not received adequate attention, as the very few studies that have been conducted fell short of quantifying nexus trade-offs and benefits at a practical, small scale. This paper applies a quantitative accounting method to assess water and energy use intensity in irrigated areas of the Karshi Steppe of Central Asia that are supplied by pumping water uphill (lift-irrigated) from the underlying river. The results indicated that the potential water and energy savings as well as the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions could be achieved by applying an optimal planning deficit irrigation schedule simulated using CROPWAT 8. Some 575 MCM (million cubic metres) of water and 259 GWh of electricity can be saved, while the CO2 equivalent emissions can be reduced by almost 122 000 t. Achieving these savings requires a mix of technical and policy components. This paper describes an example of proper irrigation planning as a tool for water/energy savings and consequent reduction of CO2 emissions.

17 Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Yuldashev, T. 2018. Effects of improving water use efficiency on water and energy savings in lift irrigated areas, Zafarabad district, Tajikistan [In Russian] Paper presented at the Scientific Conference Proceedings on Water for Sustainable Development in Central Asia. Dushanbe, Tajikistan, 23-24 March,2018. 11p.
Water use efficiency ; Pumps ; Irrigation scheduling ; Irrigated land ; Energy conservation ; Water conservation ; Costs ; Intensification ; River basins / Tajikistan / Zafarabad District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049083)
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049083.pdf
This paper applies quantitative accounting method to assess water and energy use intensity in irrigated areas of Zafarabad District of Central Asia that are supplied by pumping water uphill (liftirrigated) from the underlying river. The results indicated that the potential water and energy savings could be achieved by applying optimal planning irrigation schedule simulated using Cropwat-8. Some 81 million cubic meters of water and 67 GWh of electricity can be saved while the costs can be reduced by almost 163 thousand USD. This paper describes an example of proper irrigation planning as a tool for water/energy savings and consequent reduction of costs towards water pumping.

18 Verma, Shilp; Kashyap, D.; Shah, Tushaar; Crettaz, M.; Sikka, Alok. 2018. Solar Irrigation for Agriculture Resilience (SoLAR): a new SDC [Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation]-IWMI regional partnership. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 16p. (IWMI-Tata Water Policy Program Discussion Paper 3: SDC-IWMI Special Issue) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2019.003]
Solar energy ; Irrigation methods ; Energy consumption ; Groundwater irrigation ; Climate change ; Nexus ; Agricultural productivity ; Resilience ; Water use ; Water governance ; Partnerships ; Pumps ; Costs ; Subsidies ; Energy conservation ; Electricity ; Farmers ; Living standards ; Rural poverty / South Asia / India / Pakistan / Bangladesh / Nepal / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049194)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/iwmi-tata/PDFs/iwmi-tata_water_policy_discussion_paper_issue_03_2018.pdf
(1.60 MB)

19 Joly, Gabrielle; Nikiema, Josiane. 2019. Global experiences on waste processing with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens): from technology to business. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 62p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 16) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2019.214]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Reuse ; Waste management ; Waste treatment ; Waste reduction ; Technology ; Black soldier fly ; Hermetia illucens ; Life cycle ; Bioconversion ; Insect farming ; Breeding ; Larvae ; Pupae ; Yields ; Harvesting ; Lipid content ; Animal feeding ; Feedstocks ; Biomass ; Biofuels ; Biodiesel ; Chitin ; Residues ; Organic wastes ; Fertilizers ; Nutrients ; Energy conservation ; Infrastructure ; Monitoring ; Economic impact ; Economic value ; Costs ; Environmental effects ; Legal aspects ; Social benefits ; Public health ; Business models ; Markets ; Case studies / Indonesia / South Africa / Ghana / Canada / FORWARD Project / AgriProtein / Ento-Prise Project / Enterra Feed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049395)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/wle/rrr/resource_recovery_and_reuse-series_16.pdf
(1.68 MB)
Black soldier fly colonies can produce about 100 times more protein per year than chicken or soybeans, not to mention cattle, on the same area of land. The flies can directly feed on different types of organic wastes, leapfrogging closed loop processes within a circular food economy. Also, where no protein is needed, for example, to feed fish or pigs, the larvae can be processed into high-quality biodiesel. However, can this be done at scale? The answer is ‘Yes’. The report showcases some of the leading global businesses in Black Soldier Fly production.

20 Belaud, G.; Mateos, L.; Aliod, R.; Buisson, Marie-Charlotte; Faci, E.; Gendre, S.; Ghinassi, G.; Gonzales Perea, R.; Lejars, C.; Maruejols, F.; Zapata, N. 2020. Irrigation and energy: issues and challenges. Irrigation and Drainage, 69(S1):177-185. (Special issue: Innovations in Irrigation Systems in Africa) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2343]
Irrigation efficiency ; Water use efficiency ; Food production ; Energy generation ; Nexus ; Irrigation systems ; Infrastructure ; Pumping ; Renewable energy ; Energy consumption ; Energy conservation ; Hydropower ; Solar energy / France / Languedoc-Roussillon Regional Hydraulic Network
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049658)
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049658.pdf
(0.28 MB)
Water-efficient agriculture has implied a large increase in energy consumption for irrigation in recent decades. In many irrigation systems, energy costs are now threatening their sustainability. However, new opportunities have arisen for the use of renewable energies in the irrigation sector. These are some of the aspects of the multifaceted multiple-actor ‘water–food–energy’ nexus. Technical, economic and environmental issues are linked in many ways, involving farmers, water users’ associations, energy suppliers, engineers and other stakeholders. The ICID session ‘Irrigation and energy’ triggered discussions on these multiple dimensions. This paper presents a synthesis of the presentations, discussions and conclusions.
Four main questions are addressed: How do irrigation productivity and sustainability of water resources exploitation change when farmers have access to energy? What do we know about energy efficiency in irrigation systems, at farm and collective network levels? How can this efficiency be optimized by using advanced technologies, modelling tools, improved management? Is energy production an opportunity for irrigation systems?
These questions have been posed based on multiple case studies from different parts of the world. The BRL network, in southern France, illustrates advanced strategies and opportunities to reduce energy consumption and develop energy production at a network level. General conclusions are drawn from this synthesis, illustrating trade-offs and synergies that can be identified in the irrigation sector at different scales, while opportunities for future research are proposed.

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