Your search found 336 records
1 Suhardiman, Diana; Wichelns, D.; Lestrelin, G. 2013. Payments of ecosystem services in Vietnam: market-based incentives or state control of resources. [Abstract only]. In German Aerospace Center (DLR); Germany. Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). Mekong Environmental Symposium, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 5-7 March 2013. Abstract volume, Topic 02 - Hydropower development and impacts on economy. Wessling, Germany: German Aerospace Center (DLR); Bonn, Germany: Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). pp.32.
Ecosystem services ; Natural resources management ; Policy ; Poverty ; Development projects / Vietnam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045750)
http://www.mekong-environmental-symposium-2013.org/frontend/file.php?id=3020&dl=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045750.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045750.pdf
(0.08 MB) (2.09 MB)
We question whether payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs have the potential to enhance natural resource management in Vietnam, where the state essentially designs and implements the programs. In such settings, the welfare gains achieved through PES programs will be determined by how the state incorporates the programs into national development strategies and aligns them with other land use and environmental policies. We consider also whether PES programs can be relied on to reduce poverty and enhance livelihoods, either alone or in combination with other policy interventions. To these ends, we trace the development of PES programs within the context of forest conservation policies and in relation to watershed management. Taking Vietnam as our case study, we illustrate how PES programs are implemented within the context of a monopsonistic, non-competitive market. We conclude that in the absence of a competitive market structure and with appropriate regulations governments can reshape PES programs so that they function primarily as tools for strengthening state control over natural resources.
2 Hanjra, Munir A.; Ferede, T.; Blackwell, J.; Jackson, T. M.; Abbas, A. 2013. Global food security: facts, issues, interventions and public policy implications. In Hanjra, Munir A. (Ed.). Global food security: emerging issues and economic implications. New York, NY, USA: Nova Science Publishers. pp.1-35. (Global Agriculture Developments)
Food security ; Food production ; Public policy ; Poverty ; Hunger ; Ecosystem services ; Information systems ; Gender ; Social aspects ; Income ; Population growth ; Water management ; Water scarcity
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046150)
(11.63 MB)
The global food security situation and outlook remains delicately imbalanced amid surplus food production and the prevalence of hunger, due to the complex interplay of social, economic, and ecological factors that mediate food security outcomes at various human and institutional scales. A growing population and rising incomes with the resultant nutritional transition of millions more people entering into the middle class are some of the unprecedented challenges that mankind has never handled before. Food production outpaced food demand over the past 50 years due to expansion in crop area and irrigation, as well as supportive policy and institutional interventions that led to the fast and sustained growth in agricultural productivity and improved food security in many parts of the world. However, future predictions point to a slow-down in agricultural productivity and a food-gap mainly in areas across Africa and Asia which are having ongoing food security issues. The problem of food insecurity is expected to worsen due to, among others, rapid population growth and other emerging challenges such as climate change and rising demand for biofuels. Climate change poses complex challenges in terms of increased variability and risk for food producers and the energy and water sectors. The major existing and emerging challenges to global food security are discussed in this chapter, giving relevant examples from around the world. Strategic research priorities are outlined for a range of sectors that underpin global food security, including: agriculture, ecosystem services from agriculture, climate change, international trade, water management solutions, the water-energy-food security nexus, service delivery to smallholders and women farmers, and better governance models and regional priority setting. There is a need to look beyond agriculture and invest in affordable and suitable farm technologies if the problem of food insecurity is to be addressed in a sustainable manner. This requires both revisiting the current approach of agricultural intervention and reorienting the existing agricultural research institutions and policy framework. Proactive interventions and policies for tackling food security are discussed which include issues such as agriculture for development, ecosystem services from agriculture, and gender mainstreaming, to extend the focus on food security within and beyond the agriculture sector, by incorporating cross-cutting issues such as energy security, resource reuse and recovery, social protection programs, and involving civil society in food policy making processes by promoting food sovereignty.
3 van der Kwast, J.; Yalew, S.; Dickens, C.; Quayle, L.; Reinhardt, J.; Liersch, S.; Mul, Marloes; Hamdard, M.; Douven, W. 2013. A framework for coupling land use and hydrological modelling for management of ecosystem services. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 1(5):230-236. [doi: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.18]
Land use ; Hydrology ; Simulation models ; Ecosystem services ; Water management ; Water resources ; Indicators / South Africa / KwaZulu-Natal Province / uThukela Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046237)
http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20130105.18.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046237.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046237.pdf
(0.51 MB) (525.01KB)
It is well known that land-use changes influence the hydrological cycle and that those changes in the hydrological cycle influence land use. The sophisticated spatial dynamic planning tools that have been developed in the last decades to support policy makers in the decision making process do not take into account the mutual feedbacks between land use and hydrology. In this study a framework for an integrated spatial decision support system is presented where the feedbacks between land use and hydrology are taken into account by coupling the SITE (Simulation of Terrestrial Environments) land-use model to the SWIM hydrological model. This framework enables policy makers to assess the impact of their planning scenarios on ecosystem services using a web-based tool that interactively presents trends in space and time of spatial indicators derived from both models. This approach is tested for the uThukela area, which is located along the northern areas of the Drakensberg Mountains which form the border between Lesotho and South Africa. The region is extremely important for its catchment-services as water derived from it is pumped into the Vaal River supplying water to the city of Johannesburg. Because of poor management of ecosystem services, less water is produced by the catchment more erratically, siltation levels are increasing and less carbon is retained in the soil. Biodiversity is threatened by grazing livestock, alien plants and other poor land management practices. In addition, overstocking, frequent burning and lack of soil protection measures have caused rill and gully erosion in areas of communal ownership where an overall management policy is lacking. The presented framework for a spatial integrated decision support system is currently being implemented and will be used by policy makers to assess policies developed for an Environmental Management Framework (EMF). Scenarios will be defined during stakeholder workshops. A prototype of the decision support system has been developed, but not all data necessary for modelling and calibration is yet available. From the analysis of land-use maps of 2005 and 2008 it was observed that forest and bush decreased, while settlements, subsistence farming, commercial farming and grassland increased.
4 Cools, J.; Johnston, Robyn; Hattermann, F. F.; Douven, W.; Zsuffa, I. 2013. Tools for wetland management: lessons learnt from a comparative assessment. Environmental Science and Policy, 34:138-145. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2013.01.013]
Wetlands ; River basin management ; Ecosystem services ; Assessment ; Stakeholders ; Decision making ; Case studies / Europe / Latin America / South Africa / Austria / Hungary / Uganda / Mali / Ecuador
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046247)
(0.62 MB)
This paper provides the synthesis of the special issue on the ‘‘role of wetlands in river basin management’’ and reviews lessons learnt from a comparative assessment of the presented case studies in Europe, Africa and Latin-America. Although wetlands are important for local communities and biodiversity, the services and products they deliver for local livelihoods and river basins are insufficiently known, and inadequately valued and understood by authorities. Wetlands are too often perceived as standalone elements and poorly integrated into river basin management plans. In this volume, an analytical framework is developed to formulate and compare wetland management options, also in data-poor contexts and to bridge the gap between science and policy. The framework is a set of tools and processes to structure the information flows needed to identify and score management options in terms of their impact, feasibility, vulnerability to future changes and trade-offs. In practice, it was found that the framework provided a useful set of tools to promote understanding and underpin negotiations. The major barrier for a better integration of wetlands in river basin management was found to be the lack of understanding of what the important issues were and the institutional capacity to organise cooperation and consequent implementation of the agreed plans. This paper presents the following conclusions. Firstly, rapid assessment tools and simplified scoring methods were used and proved useful in explaining issues across sectors and scales, and were important in creating mutual understanding, even though they did not necessarily present new insights for local or disciplinary experts. Secondly, in order to improve the knowledge base, an integrated database is developed, especially with regard to water quantity simulation at the river basin scale and wetland scale, potential habitat availability and the quantification of adaptive and institutional capacity, including the impact of future changes. Data has been compiled from various, scattered sources, including global data sets, sectoral wetland and/or river basin-specific quantitative and qualitative data sets. Thirdly, in case of limited data availability, rather than improving the accuracy of available quantitative data, it is proposed to better use alternative qualitative sources of data, from local experts, authority representatives and wetland users.
5 Zsuffa, I.; van Dam, A. A.; Kaggwa, R. C.; Namaalwa, S.; Mahieu, M.; Cools, J.; Johnston, Robyn. 2014. Towards decision support-based integrated management planning of papyrus wetlands: a case study from Uganda. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 22(2):199-213.
Wetlands ; Cyperus papyrus ; Decision support systems ; Ecosystem services ; Sustainable agriculture ; Vegetation ; Living standards ; Public health ; Ecology ; Land use ; Stakeholders ; Wastewater treatment ; Water quality ; Case studies / Uganda / Namatala Wetland / Namatala River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046248)
(0.50 MB)
Management and decision making for wetlands need an integrated approach, in which all ecosystem services are identified, their importance are assessed and objectives are formulated about their desired outputs. This approach has been applied successfully in European wetlands with sufficient scientific data. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the application of this approach in the context of a data-poor, multi-use African wetland. The Namatala wetland in Uganda, a wetland under intense pressure from wastewater discharge, conversion to agriculture and vegetation harvesting, was used as a case study. After characterisation of the wetland ecosystem and stakeholder analysis, three management options, subdivided into 13 sub-options, were identified for the wetland. These options were combined into six management solutions. A set of 15 indicators, subdivided into five categories (livelihood; human health; ecology; costs; risk of failure), were identified to assess the performance of these management solutions. Stakeholders’ preferences were taken into consideration by means of weights attached to the indicators, and a best-compromise solution was derived which consisted of a combination of sustainable agriculture in the upper Namatala wetland, papyrus buffer strips along the Namatala river channel, sustainable land use (vegetation harvesting, fishing) in lower Namatala wetland, and papyrus buffer zones at the waste-water discharge points. Despite differences of opinion among stakeholder groups about the relative importance of the indicators, the same compromise solution resulted for all stakeholders. It was concluded that this systematic approach and the stakeholder dialogue about the management options were beneficial to the management process, although the approach would benefit from more and better data about the wetland system and from model-derived predictions.
6 UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme. 2012. The United Nations World Water Development Report 4. Vol. 1. Managing water under uncertainty and risk. Paris, France: UNESCO. 380p.
Water management ; Water demand ; Water use ; Water governance ; Water policy ; Water pollution ; Water quality ; Risk management ; Food security ; Food production ; Energy consumption ; Ecosystem services ; Hydrological cycle ; Health hazards ; Gender ; Sustainability ; Climate change ; Social aspects ; Economic aspects ; Political aspects ; Institutions ; Capacity building ; Environmental management ; Funding ; Investment ; Indicators / Europe / Asia Pacific / Africa / North America / Latin America / Caribbean / Arab region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 WOR Record No: H046306)
http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/SC/pdf/WWDR4%20Volume%201-Managing%20Water%20under%20Uncertainty%20and%20Risk.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046306.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046306.pdf
(16.49 MB)
7 UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme. 2012. The United Nations World Water Development Report 4. Vol. 2. Knowledge base. Paris, France: UNESCO. pp.381-778.
Water management ; Risk management ; Monitoring ; Water quality ; Water governance ; Water allocation ; Waterborne diseases ; Health hazards ; Ecosystem services ; Climate change ; Precipitation ; Livestock ; Energy demand ; Institutions ; Capacity building ; Floods ; Drought ; Land degradation ; Arid zones ; Social aspects ; Economic aspects ; Investment / Europe / Asia Pacific / Africa / North America / Latin America / Caribbean / Arab region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 WOR Record No: H046307)
http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/SC/pdf/WWDR4%20Volume%202-Knowledge%20Base.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046307.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046307.pdf
(41.33 MB)
8 Tickner, D.; Acreman, M. 2013. Water security for ecosystems, ecosystems for water security. In Lankford, B.; Bakker, K.; Zeitoun, M.; Conway, D. (Eds.). Water security: principles, perspectives and practices. Oxon, UK: Routledge. pp.130-147. (Earthscan Water Text Series)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 LAN Record No: H046272)
9 Allan, J. A. T. 2013. Food-water security: beyond water resources and the water sector. In Lankford, B.; Bakker, K.; Zeitoun, M.; Conway, D. (Eds.). Water security: principles, perspectives and practices. Oxon, UK: Routledge. pp.321-335. (Earthscan Water Text Series)
Food security ; Food production ; Food supply ; Water security ; Water resources ; Domestic water ; Farmers ; Ecosystem services ; Socioeconomic development ; Climate change ; Demography
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G662 IND Record No: H046282)
10 Maraseni, T. N.; Hanjra, Munir A. 2014. Payments to landholders for managing Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) in coastal agricultural catchments for protecting the Great Barrier Reef. In Mohammed, E. Y. (Ed.). Economic incentives for marine and coastal conservation: prospects, challenges and policy implications. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.190-209.
Land ownership ; Catchment areas ; Coastal area ; Agriculture ; Markets ; Water management ; Land management ; Environmental sustainability ; Ecosystem services ; Weed control / Australia / Queensland / Great Barrier Reef / Murray-Darling Basin / Condamine Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046352)
(2.21 MB)
11 Ramsar Convention on Wetlands; FAO; International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2014. Wetlands and agriculture: partners for growth. Gland, Switzerland: Ramsar Convention on Wetlands; Rome, Italy: FAO; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 16p.
Wetlands ; Agroecosystems ; Agricultural production ; Aquaculture ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem services ; Water resources ; Food production ; Irrigated farming ; Farmers
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046396)
http://www.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/wwd14_leaflet_en.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046396.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046396.pdf
(2.19 MB) (2.19 MB)
12 Yalew, S.; Pilz, T.; Schweitzer, C.; Liersch, S.; van der Kwast, J.; Mul, Marloes L.; van Griensven, A.; van der Zaag, P. 2014. Dynamic feedback between land-use and hydrology for ecosystem services assessment. In Ames, D.P., Quinn, N.W.T., Rizzoli, A.E. (Eds.). Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software, San Diego, California, USA, 15-19 June 2014. Manno, Switzerland: International Environmental Modelling and Software Society (iEMSs). 8p.
Hydrology ; Ecosystem services ; Land use ; Catchment areas ; Grasslands ; Biomass ; Soils ; Case studies / South Africa / uThukela Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046491)
http://www.iemss.org/sites/iemss2014/papers/iemss2014_submission_255.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046491.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046491.pdf
(0.48 MB) (495.82 KB)
Ecosystem services assessment requires an integrated approach, as it is influenced by elements such as climate, hydrology and socio-economics, which in turn influence each other. However, there are few studies that integrate these elements in order to assess ecosystem services. Absence of integrated approach to modelling hydrological and land-use changes, for instance, often oversights the dynamic feedback between the two processes. Dynamic changes in land-use should be fed into hydrological models and vice-versa at each time-step for a more realistic representation. In this study, this approach is demonstrated with a case study of the uThukela catchment, South Africa. There is an increasing pressure on grasslands in the catchment. The grassland supports livestock grazing, one of the main economic and social service for the communal farmers. High livestock population causes degradation of the grasslands, and increasing demand for agricultural lands decreases the extent of the grazing lands. In addition, this is further influenced by changes in climate, and has multiple impacts, such as increased erosion and changing flow regime. The SITE (SImulation of Terrestrial Environments) land-use change model and the SWIM (Soil and Water Integrated Model) hydrological model were coupled at code level to account for these processes. The two models exchange land-use maps (from SITE) and biomass production (from SWIM). SWIM was modified to produce biomass output. Grassland capacity for grazing service is determined through biomass coming from SWIM. Likewise, the simulated land-use change is passed back to the hydrological model to determine effects of land-use change on hydrological components. Preliminary result of the interactions between the two models and its use for estimating grazing capacity show that through the coupled models, sustainable level of grassland grazing locations were easily identifiable.
13 Lankford, B. 2013. Resource efficiency complexity and the commons: the paracommons and paradoxes of natural resource losses, wastes and wastages. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. 232p.
Natural resources ; Resource management ; Resource conservation ; Environmental effects ; Efficiency ; Indicators ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation efficiency ; Water distribution ; Water accounting ; Water pollution ; Waste management ; Industrial wastes ; Ecosystem services ; Ecology ; Policy ; Sustainability
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.7 G000 LAN Record No: H046502)
(0.38 MB)
14 Grafton, R. Q. 2014. Economics. In Grafton, R. Q.; Wyrwoll, P.; White, C.; Allendes, D. (Eds.). Global water: issues and insights. Canberra, Australia: Australian National University (ANU Press). pp.7-10.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046536)
http://press.anu.edu.au/apps/bookworm/view/Global+Water%3A+Issues+and+Insights/11041/ch02.1.xhtml#toc_marker-7
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046536.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046536.pdf
(0.10 MB)
15 Amede, T.; Desta, L. T.; Harris, D.; Kizito, F.; Cai, Xueliang. 2014. The Chinyanja triangle in the Zambezi River Basin, southern Africa: status of, and prospects for, agriculture, natural resources management and rural development. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 32p. (WLE Research for Development (R4D) Learning Series 1) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2014.205]
River basins ; Agricultural production ; Natural resources management ; Rural development ; Population density ; Forest management ; Dryland management ; Climate change ; Ecosystem services ; Mining ; Farming systems ; Foreign investment ; Socioeconomic environment ; Markets ; Soil fertility ; Watershed management ; Living standards ; Land tenure ; Land use ; Research ; Institutions ; Sustainability ; Livestock products ; Crops ; Farmers ; Energy generation / southern Africa / Zambia / Malawi / Mozambique
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046513)
16 van der Bliek, Julie; McCornick, Peter; Clarke, James. 2014. On target for people and planet: setting and achieving water-related sustainable development goals. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 52p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2014.226]
Water governance ; Water quality ; Groundwater ; Water resources ; Water management ; Domestic water ; Water policy ; Water accounting ; Wastewater ; Food security ; Energy ; Sustainable development ; Ecosystem services ; Climate change ; Flooding ; Drought ; Farmers ; Economic growth ; Social aspects ; Women ; River basins / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046660)
17 CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 2014. Ecosystem services and resilience framework. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 46p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2014.229]
Ecosystem services ; Agriculture ; Landscape ; Agroecosystems ; Productivity ; Rice ; Governance ; Sustainability ; Communities ; Rural areas ; Living standards ; Poverty ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Public health ; Income ; Investment ; Stakeholders ; Farmers ; Soil conservation ; Planning ; Impact assessment ; Monitoring ; Decision making ; Case studies / East Africa / Ghana / Peru / Costa Rica / Volta River Basin / Canete River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046683)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/wle/corporate/ecosystem_services_and_resilience_framework.pdf
(6 MB)
18 Baker, Tracy; McCartney, Matthew P.; Mul, Marloes L. 2014. Concept note on ecosystem services mapping and linkages to models. Project report submitted to IUCN under the project "Water Infrastructure Solutions from Ecosystem Services Underpinning Climate Resilient Policies and Programmes (WISE-UP to Climate)" Gland, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). 4p.
Ecosystem services ; Mapping ; Models ; Climate change ; River basins / Kenya / Ghana / Tana River Basin / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046676)
(0.38 MB)
19 Young, R. A.; Loomis, J. B. 2014. Determining the economic value of water: concepts and methods. 2nd ed. Oxon, UK: RFF Press. 337p.
Water resources ; Economic value ; Water policy ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water market ; Industrialization ; Water use ; Domestic water ; Water quality ; Models ; Crop production ; Irrigation water ; Ecosystem services ; Valuation ; Water power ; Flood control ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 YOU Record No: H046754)
(0.45 MB)
20 Gopal, B. (Ed.) 2013. Environmental flows: an introduction for water resources managers. Delhi, India: National Institute of Ecology. 248p.
Environmental flows ; Assessment ; Water resources ; Rivers ; Ecosystem services ; Floodplains ; Dams ; Hydroelectric schemes ; Upstream ; Downstream ; Sediment ; Water quality ; Groundwater ; Biodiversity ; Estuaries ; Hydrology ; Habitats ; Biota ; Fish ; Fauna ; Case studies / South Asia / India / Bangladesh / Nepal / Sri Lanka / Pakistan / River Ganga / Sutlej River Basin / Himachal Pradesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.483 G000 GOP Record No: H046353)
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