Your search found 45 records
1 Goddard, T.; Zoebisch, M. A.; Gan, Y.; Ellis, W.; Watson, A.; Sombatpanit, S. (Eds.) 2008. No-till farming systems. Special publication no.3. Bangkok, Thailand: World Association of Soil and Water Conservation; Penang, Malaysia: International Water Management Institute (IWMI), South East Asia Office; and others. 544p.
Zero tillage ; Livestock ; Cropping systems ; Soil fertility ; Soil properties ; Soil management ; Conservation tillage ; Irrigated farming ; Case studies ; Rainfed farming ; Infiltration ; Soil water ; Crop production ; Wheat ; Maize ; Cotton ; Carbon sequestration ; Agroecology / USA / Europe / Brazil / Zimbabwe / India / Laos / Madagascar / Australia / New Zealand / Hungary / Romania / Kenya / Cameroon / Mali / Morocco / China / Micronesia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631 G000 GOD Record No: H041263)
Thirty-four contributions from renowned experts and practitioners around the world provide a comprehensive review of the rapid growth of no-till, the barriers that have been overcome and the challenges that still lie ahead. Chapters cover current research and new directions as well as policy needs, adoption and extension.
2 Reicosky, D. C. 2008. Carbon sequestration and environmental benefits from no-till systems. In Goddard, T.; Zoebisch, M. A.; Gan, Y.; Ellis, W.; Watson, A.; Sombatpanit, S. (Eds.). No-till farming systems. Special publication no.3. Bangkok, Thailand: World Association of Soil and Water Conservation. Co-published by IWMI et al. pp.43-58.
Carbon sequestration ; Environmental effects ; Zero tillage ; Conservation tillage ; Soil management
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631 G000 GOD Record No: H041264)
3 Pagiola, S.; Angeles, M. D.; Shively, G. 2005. Using Payments for Environmental Services (PES) to assist in watershed management. In Coxhead, I.; Shively, G. (Eds.). Land use change in tropical watersheds: evidence, causes and remedies. Wallingford, UK, CABI Publishing. pp.163-183.
Watershed management ; Environmental protection ; Poverty ; Land use ; Carbon sequestration / Philippines / Manupali River Watershed
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.76 G000 COX Record No: H041195)
4 Olsson, L.; Jerneck, A. 2010. Farmers fighting climate change - from victims to agents in subsistence livelihoods. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 1(3):363-373.
Climate change ; Adaptation ; Farmers ; Subsistence farming ; Carbon sequestration ; Land management ; Poverty ; Fuel consumption ; Cooking ; Case studies / Kenya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H043238)
(0.29 MB)
One billion vulnerable subsistence farmers across the global south depend on risky livelihoods in need of adaptation to climate change impacts. Simultaneously, their aggregated emission of greenhouse gases from land use and fuelwood consumption is substantial. Synergies between adaptation to climate change and mitigation should therefore be actively promoted. In the context of poverty, such synergies should ideally be designed specifically for the poorest of the poor who are notoriously difficult to reach by policies and projects. In this experimental case on subsistence farming in western Kenya we assume that only the poorest inhabit the most degraded lands and use the simplest form of cooking over open fire. As the study location is typical of sub-Saharan areas affected by drought, flooding, land degradation, diseases and persistent poverty, findings can be scaled up, transferred to and tested in similar settings. Seeking multiple synergies of adaptation, mitigation, and social change while using sustainability science in intervention research, we reframed peasant farmers from vulnerable victims into agents fighting livelihood stressors and climate change impacts. In collaboration with them we performed small-scale experiments on agricultural production practices and domestic energy efficiency resulting in multiple synergies. Findings show that the ‘smokeless kitchen’ and carbon sequestration from improved land management can mitigate climate change while increasing energy efficiency, health standards, food security, and community-based adaptive capacity. Preferably, climate policy should therefore explicitly address synergies and support peasant farmers’ efforts to create synergies when the ‘food imperative’ limits their agency to fight climate change alone.
5 Goddard, T.; Zoebisch, M. A.; Gan, Y.; Ellis, W.; Watson, A.; Sombatpanit, S. (Eds.) 2008. No-till farming systems. Special publication no.3. Bangkok, Thailand: World Association of Soil and Water Conservation; Penang, Malaysia: International Water Management Institute (IWMI), South East Asia Office; and others. 544p.
Zero tillage ; Livestock ; Cropping systems ; Soil fertility ; Soil properties ; Soil management ; Conservation tillage ; Irrigated farming ; Case studies ; Rainfed farming ; Infiltration ; Soil water ; Crop production ; Wheat ; Maize ; Cotton ; Carbon sequestration ; Agroecology / USA / Europe / Brazil / Zimbabwe / India / Laos / Madagascar / Australia / New Zealand / Hungary / Romania / Kenya / Cameroon / Mali / Morocco / China / Micronesia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631 G000 GOD c2 Record No: H043633)
Thirty-four contributions from renowned experts and practitioners around the world provide a comprehensive review of the rapid growth of no-till, the barriers that have been overcome and the challenges that still lie ahead. Chapters cover current research and new directions as well as policy needs, adoption and extension.
6 Pathak, H.; Byjesh, K.; Chakrabarti, B.; Aggarwal, P. K. 2011. Potential and cost of carbon sequestration in Indian agriculture: estimates from long-term field experiments. Field Crops Research, 120(1):102-111. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2010.09.006]
Agriculture ; Crop management ; Yields ; Carbon sequestration ; Economic aspects ; Cost benefit analysis ; Soil organic matter ; Nutrient management / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044602)
(0.47 MB)
Carbon sequestration in tropical soils has potential for mitigating global warming and increasing agricultural productivity. We analyzed 26 long-term experiments (LTEs) in different agro-climatic zones (ACZs) of India to assess the potential and cost of C sequestration. Data on initial and final soil organic C (SOC) concentration in the recommended N, P and K (NPK); recommended N, P and K plus farmyard manure (NPK + FYM) and unfertilized (control) treatments were used to calculate carbon sequestration potential (CSP) i.e., capacity to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) by increasing SOC stock, under different nutrient management scenarios. In most of the LTEs wheat equivalent yields were higher in the NPK+FYM treatment than the NPK treatment. However, partial factor productivity (PFP) was more with the NPK treatment. Average SOC concentration of the control treatment was 0.54%, which increased to 0.65% in the NPK treatment and 0.82% in the NPK+FYM treatment. Compared to the control treatment the NPK+FYM treatment sequestered 0.33MgC ha-1 yr-1 whereas the NPK treatment sequestered 0.16MgC ha-1 yr-1. The CSP in different nutrient management scenarios ranged from 2.1 to 4.8MgC ha-1 during the study period (average 16.9 yr) of the LTEs. In 17 out of 26 LTEs, the NPK+FYM treatment had higher SOC and also higher net return than that of the NPK treatment. In the remaining 9 LTEs SOC sequestration in the NPK+FYM treatment was accomplished with decreased net return suggesting that these are economically not attractive and farmers have to incur into additional cost to achieve C sequestration. The feasibility of SOC sequestration in terms of availability of FYM and other organic sources has been discussed in the paper.
7 Lemenih, Mulugeta; Karltun, E.; Tolera, M. 2012. Crop yield and soil organic matter effects of four years of soil management interventions in Arsi Negele, South Central Ethiopia. In Lemenih, Mulugeta; Agegnehu, G.; Amde, Tilahun. (Eds.). 2012. Natural resources management for climate change adaptation: proceedings of the 12th Ethiopian Society of Soil Science (ESSS) Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 17-18 March 2011. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ethiopian Society of Soil Science (ESSS). pp.97-107.
Crop yield ; Soil management ; Soil organic matter ; Soil degradation ; Composts ; Carbon sequestration / South Central Ethiopia / Arsi Negele District / Beseku Village
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045066)
(3.79 MB)
8 Khan, S.; Hanjra, M. A. 2009. Footprints of water and energy inputs in food production – global perspectives. Food Policy, 34(2):130-140. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.09.001]
Water footprint ; Water resources ; Energy ; Food production ; Food security ; Food policy ; Climate change ; Carbon sequestration ; Investment ; Ecosystems ; Environmental impact ; Irrigation water ; Biofuels
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045627)
(0.24 MB)
During the second half of the 20th century the global food production more than doubled and thus responded to the doubling of world population. But the gains in food production came at a cost, leaving a significant environmental footprint on the ecosystem. Global cropland, plantations and pastures expanded, with large increases in fossil energy, water, and fertilizer inputs, imprinting considerable footprint on the environment. Information from pre eminent publications such as Nature, Science, PNAS and scholarly journals is synthesized to assess the water and energy footprints of global food production. The data show that the footprints are significant, both locally, national and globally and have consequences for global food security and ecosystem health and productivity. The literature nearly agrees that global food production system generates considerable environmental footprints and the situation would likely get worrisome, as global population grows by 50% by 2050. Investments are needed today to buffer the negative impacts of food production on the environment. Investments to boost water productivity and improve energy use efficiency in crop production are two pathways to reduce the environmental footprint.
9 Lloyd, C. R.; Rebelo, Lisa-Maria; Finlayson, C. M. 2013. Providing low-budget estimations of carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural wetlands. Environmental Research Letters, 8(1):1-13. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015010]
Carbon sequestration ; Greenhouse gases ; Emission ; Agriculture ; Wetlands ; Remote sensing ; Models ; Measurement ; Budgets ; Biomass
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045706)
http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/8/1/015010/pdf/1748-9326_8_1_015010.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045706.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045706.pdf
(0.63 MB) (644.22 KB)
The conversion of wetlands to agriculture through drainage and flooding, and the burning of wetland areas for agriculture have important implications for greenhouse gas (GHG) production and changing carbon stocks. However, the estimation of net GHG changes from mitigation practices in agricultural wetlands is complex compared to dryland crops. Agricultural wetlands have more complicated carbon and nitrogen cycles with both above- and below-ground processes and export of carbon via vertical and horizontal movement of water through the wetland. This letter reviews current research methodologies in estimating greenhouse gas production and provides guidance on the provision of robust estimates of carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural wetlands through the use of low cost reliable and sustainable measurement, modelling and remote sensing applications. The guidance is highly applicable to, and aimed at, wetlands such as those in the tropics and sub-tropics, where complex research infrastructure may not exist, or agricultural wetlands located in remote regions, where frequent visits by monitoring scientists prove difficult. In conclusion, the proposed measurement-modelling approach provides guidance on an affordable solution for mitigation and for investigating the consequences of wetland agricultural practice on GHG production, ecological resilience and possible changes to agricultural yields, variety choice and farming practice.
10 Mekuria, Wolde; Noble, Andrew. 2013. The role of biochar in ameliorating disturbed soils and sequestering soil carbon in tropical agricultural production systems. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2013:10p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/354965]
Agricultural production ; Climate change ; Soil fertility ; Carbon sequestration ; Land management ; Crop management ; Farmers ; Smallholders
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046145)
http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/aess/2013/354965.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046145.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046145.pdf
(2.47 MB) (2.46MB)
Agricultural soils in the tropics have undergone significant declines in their native carbon stock through the long-term use of extractive farming practices. However, these soils have significant capacity to sequester CO2 through the implementation of improved land management practices. This paper reviews the published and grey literature related to the influence of improved land management practices on soil carbon stock in the tropics. The review suggests that the implementation of improved land management practices such as crop rotation, no-till, cover crops, mulches, compost, or manure can be effective in enhancing soil organic carbon pool and agricultural productivity in the tropics. The benefits of such amendments were, however, often short lived, and the added organic matters were usually mineralized to CO2 within a few cropping seasons leading to large-scale leakage. We found that management of black carbon (C), increasingly referred to as biochar, may overcome some of those limitations and provide an additional soil management option. Under present circumstances, recommended crop and land management practices are inappropriate for the vast majority of resource constrained smallholder farmers and farming systems. We argue that expanding the use of biochar in agricultural lands would be important for sequestering atmospheric CO2 and mitigating climate change, while implementing the recommended crop and land management practices in selected areas where the smallholder farmers are not resource constrained.
11 Falkenmark, M. 2013. The multiform water security dimension. In Lankford, B.; Bakker, K.; Zeitoun, M.; Conway, D. (Eds.). Water security: principles, perspectives and practices. Oxon, UK: Routledge. pp.64-79. (Earthscan Water Text Series)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 LAN Record No: H046268)
12 Killeen, T. J. 2012. The cardamom conundrum: reconciling development and conservation in the kingdom of Cambodia. Singapore: NUS Press [National University of Singapore] 354p.
Sustainable development ; Natural resources ; Biodiversity conservation ; Landscape ; Ecosystems ; Climate change ; Watershed management ; Water power ; Marine environment ; Aquaculture ; Forest management ; Deforestation ; Carbon sequestration ; Mineral resources ; Land tenure ; Government agencies ; Non governmental organizations ; Industrialization ; Economic value ; Tourism ; Agricultural development ; Socioeconomic environment ; Poverty / Cambodia / Cardamom Mountains
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 959.6 G700 KIL Record No: H046831)
(0.36 MB)
13 Mekuria, Wolde; Langan, Simon; Johnston, Robyn; Belay, B.; Amare, D.; Gashaw, T.; Desta, G.; Noble, Andrew; Wale, A. 2015. Restoring aboveground carbon and biodiversity: a case study from the Nile Basin, Ethiopia. Forest Science and Technology, 11(2):86-96. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2014.966862]
Aerial parts ; Carbon sequestration ; Biomass ; Organic fertilizers ; Biodiversity ; Nile basin ; Ecosystem services ; Environmental degradation ; Plants ; Species ; Watersheds ; Vegetation ; Land degradation ; Land management ; Grazing lands ; Households ; Local communities ; Crop production ; Erosion ; Government agencies ; Non governmental organizations ; Case studies / Ethiopia / Nile Basin / Gomit Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046886)
(0.43 MB)
In Ethiopia, exclosures in landscapes have become increasingly important to improving ecosystem services and reversing biodiversity losses. The present study was conducted in Gomit watershed, northern Ethiopia, to: (i) investigate the changes in vegetation composition, diversity and aboveground biomass and carbon following the establishment of exclosures; and (ii) analyse the economic returns of aboveground carbon sequestration and assess the perception of local communities on land degradation and exclosures. A space-for-time substitution approach was used to detect the changes in aboveground carbon, species composition, and diversity. Exclosures of 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, and 7-years-old and a communal grazing land were selected. Household surveys, key informant interviews, and a financial analysis were used to assess the perception of local communities and the value of exclosure impacts, respectively. Significant (P = 0.049) differences in species diversity and considerable increases in aboveground carbon (ranged from 0.6 to 4.2 t C ha-1), CO2 storage (varied between 2.1 and 15.3 t CO2 ha-1), woody species composition, and richness (ranged from five to 28) were observed following the establishment of exclosures. Exclosures generated temporary certified emission reductions (tCER) of 3.4, 2.1, 7.5, 12.6, 12.5, and 15.3 Mg CO2 ha-1 after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 years, respectively. The net present value (NPV) of the aboveground carbon sequestered in exclosures ranged from US$6.6 to US$37.0 per hectare and increased with exclosure duration. At a watershed level, 51.4 Mg C ha-1 can be sequestered, which represents 188.6 Mg CO2 ha-1, resulting in tCER of 139.4 Mg CO2 ha-1 and NPV of US$478.3 per hectare. This result would suggest that exclosures can potentially improve local communities’ livelihoods beyond rehabilitating degraded lands if carbon stored in exclosures is traded. Communities in the watershed demonstrated that exclosures are effective in restoring degraded lands and they are benefiting from increased fodder production and reduced impacts of soil erosion. However, the respondents are also concerned over the sustainability of exclosure land management, as further expansion of exclosures aggravates degradation of remaining communal grazing lands and causes fuel wood shortages. This suggests that the sustainability of exclosure land management can be attained only if these critical concerns are addressed by a joint effort among government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and communities.
14 Xie, J.; Zhang, K.; Hu, L.; Pavelic, Paul; Wang, Y.; Chen, M. 2015. Field-based simulation of a demonstration site for carbon dioxide sequestration in low-permeability saline aquifers in the Ordos Basin, China. Hydrogeology Journal, 23(7):1465-1480. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-015-1267-9]
Carbon dioxide ; Carbon sequestration ; Saline water ; Aquifers ; River basins ; Geological process ; Reservoir storage ; Wells ; Temperature ; Porosity ; Permeability / China / Ordos Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047063)
(3.84 MB)
Saline formations are considered to be candidates for carbon sequestration due to their great depths, large storage volumes, and widespread occurrence. However, injecting carbon dioxide into low-permeability reservoirs is challenging. An active demonstration project for carbon dioxide sequestration in the Ordos Basin, China, began in 2010. The site is characterized by a deep, multi-layered saline reservoir with permeability mostly below 1.0×10-14 m2. Field observations so far suggest that only small-to-moderate pressure buildup has taken place due to injection. The Triassic Liujiagou sandstone at the top of the reservoir has surprisingly high injectivity and accepts approximately 80 % of the injected mass at the site. Based on these key observations, a three-dimensional numerical model was developed and applied, to predict the plume dynamics and pressure propagation, and in the assessment of storage safety. The model is assembled with the most recent data and the simulations are calibrated to the latest available observations. The model explains most of the observed phenomena at the site. With the current operation scheme, the CO2 plume at the uppermost reservoir would reach a lateral distance of 658 m by the end of the project in 2015, and approximately 1,000 m after 100 years since injection. The resulting pressure buildup in the reservoir was below 5 MPa, far below the threshold to cause fracturing of the sealing cap (around 33 MPa).
15 Lal, R.; Lorenz, K.; Huttl, R. F.; Schneider, B. U.; von Braun, J. (Eds.) 2013. Ecosystem services and carbon sequestration in the biosphere. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. 464p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6455-2]
Ecosystem services ; Carbon sequestration ; Carbon cycle ; Conservation ; Net primary production ; Soil management ; Biofuels ; Soil organic matter ; Biodiversity ; Water security ; Surface water ; Soil genesis ; Soil fertility ; Forests ; Timber production ; Food security ; Pest control ; Plant diseases ; Regulations ; Natural disasters ; Environmental degradation ; Land degradation / China
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.72 G000 LAL Record No: H047167)
(0.34 MB)
16 Benton, T. G.; Smith, P. 2013. The scope for climate smart agriculture. In Brittlebank, W.; Saunders, J. (Eds.). Climate action 2013-2014. [Produced for COP19 - United Nations Climate Change Conference, Warsaw, Poland, 11-22 November 2013]. London, UK: Climate Action; Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). pp.132-135.
Climate-smart agriculture ; Food supply ; Food security ; Agricultural production ; Greenhouse gases ; Emission reduction ; Carbon sequestration ; Research programmes
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 577.22 G000 BRI Record No: H047250)
(0.72 MB)
17 Wunder, S.; Dung The, B.; Ibarra, E. 2005. Payment is good, control is better: why payments for forest environmental services in Vietnam have so far remained incipient. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). 61p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/001912]
Environmental services ; User charges ; Forest resources ; Forest management ; Watershed management ; Land ownership ; Forest land ; Biodiversity conservation ; Carbon sequestration ; Case studies ; Assessment ; Development projects ; Tourism ; Households ; Income ; Developing countries / Vietnam / Quang Nam Province / Thua Thien Hue Province / Ha Giang Province / Yen Bai Province / A Luoi District / Phong Dien District / Vi Xuyen District / Quan Ba District / Yen Binh District / Tran Yen District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 634.92 G784 WUN Record No: H047287)
http://www.cifor.org/pes/publications/pdf_files/BWunder0601.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047287.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047287.pdf
(2.67 MB) (2.67 MB)
18 Ojea, E.; Loureiro, M. L.; Allo, M.; Barrio, M. 2016. Ecosystem services and REDD: estimating the benefits of non-carbon services in worldwide forests. World Development, 78:246-261. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.10.002]
Ecosystem services ; International cooperation ; UN-REDD Programme ; Forest ecosystems ; Climate change mitigation ; Carbon sequestration ; User charges ; Regulations ; Economic value ; Biodiversity ; Deforestation ; Models ; Literature reviews
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047688)
(0.43 MB)
Forest ecosystems are playing an increasingly important role in climate change mitigation through programs on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD), which targets carbon sequestration. However, decades of environmental valuation studies evidence the economic benefits of other forest ecosystem services different than carbon, and there is no evidence on how these economic benefits differ in countries where REDD is to be implemented. To respond to this question, we conduct a global meta-analysis of forest primary studies published over the past 30 years in which we estimate the economic benefits related to different forest ecosystem services in targeted REDD countries, and discuss the implications of considering these economic figures in REDD decision making. A systematic review of the scientific literature leads to the selection of 52 original studies to conduct a meta-analysis on 205 observations. We obtain that the economic benefits of forest ecosystem services in REDD countries are always greater than in other countries, and provide economic ranges of services to serve as a reference to REDD decision making in relation to co-benefits and opportunity costs. The results have implications for future avoided deforestation programs, which should take co-benefits into account in order to better articulate payments for ecosystems and create proper incentives for forest conservation and sustain local livelihoods.
19 Mekuria, Wolde. 2016. Changes in regulating ecosystem services following establishing exclosures on communal grazing lands in Ethiopia: a synthesis [Abstract only] Paper presented at the First African ESP [Ecosystem Services Partnership] Conference, Nairobi, Kenya, 21-25 November 2016. 1p.
Ecosystem services ; Grazing lands ; Carbon sequestration ; Soil fertility ; Nitrogen fertilizers ; Senses ; Local communities ; Land use / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047880)
(142 KB)
20 Nair, P. K. R.; Garrity, D. (Eds.) 2012. Agroforestry - the future of global land use. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. 549p. (Advances in Agroforestry 9) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4676-3]
Agroforestry systems ; Land use ; Land management ; Landscape ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Habitats ; Ecosystem services ; Biodiversity conservation ; Rural development ; Trees ; Domestication ; Carbon sequestration ; Carbon credits ; Agriculture ; Farming systems ; Research and Development ; Energy conservation ; Energy generation ; Renewable energy ; Bioenergy ; Industrialization ; Soil properties ; Rangelands ; Gender ; Smallholders ; Food security ; Germplasm ; Rehabilitation ; Greenhouse gases ; Emission ; Sustainability ; Organic agriculture ; Organic fertilizers ; Faidherbia albida ; Natural resources management ; Forest conservation ; Tillage ; Residues ; Nutrient cycling ; Grazing ; Cropping systems ; Shifting cultivation ; Rubber plants ; Wetlands ; Living standards ; Cashews ; Smallholders ; Fruit growing ; Poverty ; Rural communities ; Environmental policy ; Environmental services ; Silvopastoral systems ; Economic aspects ; Alley cropping ; Reclamation ; Indigenous knowledge ; Urbanization ; Agrobiodiversity ; Fertilizers ; Resource conservation ; Legal aspects ; Corporate culture ; Theobroma cacao ; Coffea ; Forage ; Soil fertility ; Case studies / Asia / Europe / Africa / Indonesia / China / USA / Canada / Japan / Latin America / Kenya / Philippines / Niger / Amazon / Sumatra / Xishuangbanna
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H047924)
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