Your search found 91 records
1 Singh, G.; Dagar, J. C. 2005. Greening sodic lands: Bichhian model. Karnal, India: Central Soil Salinity Research Institute. 51p. (CSSRI Technical Bulletin No. 2/2005)
Soil properties ; Biomass ; Forest trees ; Fruit trees ; Grasses ; Irrigation requirements ; Land use ; Silviculture
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.5 G00 SIN Record No: H038815)
2 Jama, B.; Kwesiga, F.; Niang, A. 2006. Agroforestry innovations for soil fertility management in Sub-Saharan Africa: Prospects and challenges ahead. In Garrity, D.; Okono, A.; Grayson, M.; Parrott, S. (Eds.). World agroforestry into the Future. Nairobi, Kenya: World Agroforestry Centre. pp.53-60.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 634.99 G000 GAR Record No: H039074)
3 Finlayson, Max; Cowie, I. D.; Bailey, B. J. 1993. Biomass and litter dynamics in a Melaleuca forest on a seasonally inundated floodplain in tropical, northern Australia. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2(4): 177-188.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7735 Record No: H039685)
4 Lucas, R. M.; Mitchell, A. L.; Rosenqvist, A.; Proisy, C.; Melius, A.; Ticehurst, C. 2007. The potential of L-band SAR for quantifying mangrove characteristics and change: Case studies from the tropics. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 17(3):245-264.
Mangroves ; Ecology ; Biomass ; Remote sensing ; Mapping ; Monitoring ; Case studies / Australia / French Guiana / Malaysia / Alligator Rivers / Kakadu National Park / Queensland / Daintree River / Amazon River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 7887 Record No: H040094)
5 Gerbens-Leenes, P. W.; Hoekstra, A. Y.; Van der Meer, T. H. 2008. Water footprint of bio-energy and other primary energy carriers. Delft, Netherlands: UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education. 44p. (Value of Water Research Report Series 29)
(Location: IWMI HQ Record No: H041067)
http://www.unesco-ihe.org/content/download/2723/27874/file/Report29-WaterFootprintBioenergy.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041067.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041067.pdf
6 Teixeira, A. H. de. C. 2008. Measurements and modelling of evapotranspiration to assess agricultural water productivity in basins with changing land use patterns: a case study in the Sao Francisco River Basin, Brazil. PhD thesis partly funded by IWMI's Capacity Building Project. Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen University; Enschede, Netherlands: International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC). 233p. (ITC Dissertation 156)
River basins ; Climate ; Land use ; Orchards ; Vineyards ; Mangoes ; Experiments ; Water productivity ; Crop production ; Irrigated farming ; Soil moisture ; Energy balance ; Evapotranspiration ; Models ; Remote sensing ; Water balance ; Soil water ; Vegetation ; Biomass / Brazil / Sao Francisco River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: D 631.7.2 G514 TEI Record No: H041666)
http://www.itc.nl/library/papers_2008/phd/decastroteixeira.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041666.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041666.pdf
7 Teixeira, A. H. de. C.; Bastiaanssen, W. G. M.; Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Bos, M. G. 2008. Reviewing SEBAL input parameters for assessing evapotranspiration and water productivity for the Low-Middle Sao Francisco River Basin, Brazil: part A - calibration and validation. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 149(3-4):462-476.
River basins ; Evapotranspiration ; Biomass ; Water productivity ; Crop production ; Irrigated farming ; Remote sensing ; Energy balance / Brazil / Low-Middle Sao Francisco River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041668)
(1.64 MB)
8 Teixeira, A. H. de. C.; Bastiaanssen, W. G. M.; Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Bos, M. G. 2008. Reviewing SEBAL input parameters for assessing evapotranspiration and water productivity for the Low-Middle Sao Francisco River Basin, Brazil: part B - application to the regional scale. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 149(3-4):477-490.
River basins ; Evapotranspiration ; Biomass ; Water productivity ; Crop production ; Mangoes ; Grapes ; Irrigated farming ; Experiments ; Remote sensing ; Energy balance / Brazil / Low-Middle Sao Francisco River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041667)
(1.51 MB)
9 Fry, C. 2008. The impact of climate change: the world's greatest challenge in the twenty-first century. London, UK: New Holland Publishers. 208p.
Climate change ; Forecasting ; Greenhouse effect ; Forests ; Arid zones ; Energy resources ; Biomass ; Water power
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 304.25 G000 FRY Record No: H041962)
10 Jairath, J.; Ballabh, V. (Eds.) 2008. Droughts and integrated water resource management in South Asia: issues, alternatives and futures. New Delhi, India: SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd.; Hyderabad, India: South Asian Consortium for Interdisciplinary Water Resources Studies (SaciWATERs) 356p. (Water in South Asia Vol. 2)
Drought ; Water scarcity ; Water shortage ; Rain ; History ; Gender ; Women ; Ecosystems ; Biomass ; Policy ; Case studies ; Watershed management ; Natural resources ; Institutions ; Organizations ; Adjustment of production ; Early warning systems ; Risk management ; Food security ; Rainfed farming ; Groundwater management ; Economic aspects ; Crops ; Livestock ; Water harvesting / South Asia / India / Sri Lanka / Bangladesh / Pakistan / Tamil Nadu / Andhra Pradesh / Maharashtra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338.14 G570 JAI Record No: H042113)
11 Maltby, E. (Ed.) 2009. Functional assessment of wetlands: towards evaluation of ecosystem services. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing. 672p. + CD.
Wetlands ; Assessment ; Analysis ; Databases ; Hydrology ; Groundwater recharge ; Flooding ; Water storage ; Ecology ; Ecosystems ; Maintenance ; Evaluation ; Geomorphology ; Soils ; Nitrogen ; Nutrients ; Erosion ; Sedimentation ; Habitats ; Vegetation ; Land use ; Indicators ; Water quality ; Water purification ; Biomass ; Guidelines
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.918 G000 MAL Record No: H042272)
(0.67 MB)
12 Derib, S. D.; Assefa, T.; Berhanu, B.; Zeleke, G. 2009. Impacts of micro-basin water harvesting structures in improving vegetative cover in degraded hillslope areas of north-east Ethiopia. Rangeland Journal, 31(2):259-265.
Water harvesting ; Drought ; Biomass ; Seedlings ; Livestock ; Feeds ; Water productivity / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 636 100 AME Record No: H042784)
(0.65 MB)
Water is one of the most important entry points to improve rural livelihoods in drought affected areas of the north-eastern Amhara region in Ethiopia. Various attempts have been made to overcome this problem by making use of different water harvesting structures. However, the choice of structures has been difficult because of a lack of empirical evidence on the relative effectiveness of the different structures. An experiment was conducted from 2002 to 2004 to compare and evaluate three different water harvesting structures (eye-brow basin, half-moon and trench) against the normal seedling plantation practice by farmers (normal pit) as a control. Data on root collar diameter (RCD), diameter at breast height (DBH), height and survival rate of Acacia saligna tree seedlings was collected at 3-month intervals after planting and annual grass biomass production was also measured. Trench and eye-brow basin structures produced 68, 95, 52 and 44% increases in RCD, DBH, height and survival rate, respectively, 15 months after planting compared with the normal pit. Trench structures increased grass biomass by 41.1% compared with normal pits. Eye-brow basins are recommended on hillsides where stone is available while trenchs could be used where stone is scarce. The results indicated that well designed water harvesting micro-basin structures can mitigate the effect of dry spell shocks on tree seedling performance and land cover rehabilitation. They were also very effective in increasing grass biomass production indicating the potential for improving livestock feed on the available barren hillsides.
13 Teixeira, A. H. de. C. 2008. Measurements and modelling of evapotranspiration to assess agricultural water productivity in basins with changing land use patterns: a case study in the Sao Francisco River Basin, Brazil. [PhD thesis partly funded by IWMI's Capacity Building Project]. Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen University; Enschede, Netherlands: International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) 233p. (ITC Dissertation 156)
River basins ; Climate ; Land use ; Orchards ; Vineyards ; Mangoes ; Experiments ; Water productivity ; Crop production ; Irrigated farming ; Soil moisture ; Energy balance ; Evapotranspiration ; Models ; Remote sensing ; Water balance ; Soil water ; Vegetation ; Biomass / Brazil / Sao Francisco River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: D 631.7.2 G514 TEI c2 Record No: H042995)
http://www.itc.nl/library/papers_2008/phd/decastroteixeira.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041666.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041666.pdf
14 Lal, B.; Sarma, P. M. (Eds.) 2011. Wealth from waste: trends and technologies. 3rd ed. New Delhi, India: TERI Press. 457p.
Waste management ; Industrial wastes ; Solid wastes ; Biomass ; Gasifiers ; Biofuels ; Plant oils ; Biodiesel ; Biogas ; Methane ; Environmental effects ; Environmental legislation ; Policy ; Bioreactors ; Wastewater treatment ; Economic aspects ; Case studies / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.728 G000 LAL Record No: H043791)
(0.35 MB)
15 Phansalkar, Sanjiv. 2006. Livestock water interaction: status and issues. Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India: IWMI-TATA Water Policy Research Program. 15p. (IWMI-TATA Water Policy Program Draft Paper 2006/3)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 636 G635 PHA Record No: H043949)
(906.03 KB 0.06 MB)
16 Douxchamps, S.; Frossard, E.; Uehlinger, N.; Rao, I.; van der Hoek, R.; Mena, M.; Schmidt, A.; Oberson, A. 2011. Identifying factors limiting legume biomass production in a heterogeneous on-farm environment. Journal of Agricultural Science, 16p. (Online first). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859611000931]
Biomass ; Legumes ; Smallholders ; Crop production ; Farms ; Canavalia ; Maize ; Soil profiles ; Soil fertility ; Soil properties ; Rooting ; Sloping land ; Watersheds ; Environmental effects ; Landscape ; Statistical analysis / Nicaragua
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044796)
(0.45 MB)
Multipurpose legumes provide a wide range of benefits to smallholder production systems in the tropics. The degree of system improvement after legume introduction depends largely on legume biomass production, which in turn depends on the legumes’ adaptation to environmental conditions. For Canavalia brasiliensis (canavalia), an herbaceous legume that has been recently introduced in the Nicaraguan hillsides, different approaches were tested to define the biophysical factors limiting biomass production on-farm, by combining information from topsoil chemical and physical properties, topography and soil profiles.
Canavalia was planted in rotation with maize during two successive years on 72 plots distributed over six farms and at contrasting landscape positions. Above-ground biomass production was similar for both years and varied from 448 to 5357 kg/ha, with an average of 2117 kg/ha. Topsoil properties, mainly mineral nitrogen (N; ranging 25–142 mg/kg), total N (Ntot; 415–2967 mg/kg), soil organic carbon (SOC; 3–38 g/kg) and pH (5·3–7·1), significantly affected canavalia biomass production but explained only 0·45 of the variation. Topography alone explained 0·32 of the variation in canavalia biomass production. According to soil profiles descriptions, the best production was obtained on profiles with a root aggregation index close to randomness, i.e. with no major obstacles for root growth. When information from topsoil properties, topography and soil profiles was combined through a stepwise multiple regression, the model explained 0·61 of the variation in canavalia biomass (P<0·001) and included soil depth (0·5–1·70 m), slope position, amount of clay (19–696 kg/m2) and stones (7–727 kg/m2) in the whole profile, and SOC and N content in the topsoil. The linkages between topsoil properties, topography and soil profiles were further evaluated through a principal component analysis (PCA) to define the best landscape position for canavalia cultivation.
The three data sets generated and used in the present study were found to be complementary. The profile description demonstrated that studies documenting heterogeneity in soil fertility should also consider deeper soil layers, especially for deep-rooted plants such as canavalia. The combination of chemical and physical soil properties with soil profile and topographic properties resulted in a holistic understanding of soil fertility heterogeneity and shows that a landscape perspective must be considered when assessing the expected benefits from multipurpose legumes in hillside environments.
Canavalia was planted in rotation with maize during two successive years on 72 plots distributed over six farms and at contrasting landscape positions. Above-ground biomass production was similar for both years and varied from 448 to 5357 kg/ha, with an average of 2117 kg/ha. Topsoil properties, mainly mineral nitrogen (N; ranging 25–142 mg/kg), total N (Ntot; 415–2967 mg/kg), soil organic carbon (SOC; 3–38 g/kg) and pH (5·3–7·1), significantly affected canavalia biomass production but explained only 0·45 of the variation. Topography alone explained 0·32 of the variation in canavalia biomass production. According to soil profiles descriptions, the best production was obtained on profiles with a root aggregation index close to randomness, i.e. with no major obstacles for root growth. When information from topsoil properties, topography and soil profiles was combined through a stepwise multiple regression, the model explained 0·61 of the variation in canavalia biomass (P<0·001) and included soil depth (0·5–1·70 m), slope position, amount of clay (19–696 kg/m2) and stones (7–727 kg/m2) in the whole profile, and SOC and N content in the topsoil. The linkages between topsoil properties, topography and soil profiles were further evaluated through a principal component analysis (PCA) to define the best landscape position for canavalia cultivation.
The three data sets generated and used in the present study were found to be complementary. The profile description demonstrated that studies documenting heterogeneity in soil fertility should also consider deeper soil layers, especially for deep-rooted plants such as canavalia. The combination of chemical and physical soil properties with soil profile and topographic properties resulted in a holistic understanding of soil fertility heterogeneity and shows that a landscape perspective must be considered when assessing the expected benefits from multipurpose legumes in hillside environments.
17 Mekuria, Wolde; Sengtaheuanghoung, O.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Noble, A. 2012. Economic contribution and the potential use of wood charcoal for soil restoration: a case study of village-based charcoal production in Central Laos. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 19(5):415-425. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2012.686070]
Wood ; Trees ; Charcoal ; Fuelwood ; Case studies ; Production possibilities ; Chemicophysical properties ; Economic aspects ; Profitability ; Biomass ; Energy consumption ; Soil improvement ; Water availability ; Forestry ; Developing countries ; Rural areas ; Income / Laos
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044884)
(0.65 MB)
Wood charcoal production provides affordable energy in many developing countries and has substantially contributed to the economy through the provision of rural incomes. In several countries, charcoal production leads to overexploitation of forests due to inefficiencies in processing. This study was undertaken in central Laos to (1) examine and document traditional charcoal production systems; (2) investigate the production capacity, recovery efficiencies and economic gains of existing traditional charcoal production methods; (3) characterize the chemical properties of wood charcoal and investigate the potential for soil restoration and (4) investigate local charcoal producers’ perception on forest degradation and their species preferences. Through a socio-economic survey, a cost-based method for economic valuation was undertaken on a range of charcoal production methods currently being used. Laboratory chemical analyses were performed on wood charcoal samples. Results indicated that the traditional mud charcoal mound was used by the majority (82%) of charcoal producers. Total charcoal production per production cycle varied between 400 (produced from 2.7 m3 of wood) and 1600 kg (produced from 18 m3 of wood), with a mean of 938 kg (±120) for traditional mud charcoal mounds. The volume of the traditional mud charcoal mounds correlated positively and significantly with total charcoal production (R2 = 0.45, p = 0.03), whereas correlated negatively and significantly with the recovery efficiency (R2 = 0.58, p = 0.01). On average, the local producers receive a total net benefit of 457,272 Lao kip (USD 57.2) in 17 days. We also identified a rice husk mound method of charcoal production, which may not encourage further deforestation while producing rice husk biochar that can be used for soil restoration. Furthermore, we found that there are significant differences (p < 0.05) between the sampled wood charcoals in chemical properties, indicating that the potential of using wood charcoal for the restoration of degraded soils varies from charcoal to charcoal.
18 Damen, B.; Tvinnereim, S. (Eds.) 2012. Sustainable bioenergy in Asia: improving resilience to high food prices and climate change. Selected papers from a conference held in Bangkok from 1 to 2 June 2011. Bangkok, Thailand: FAO. 105p. (Regional Conference for Asia and The Pacific (RAP) Publication 2012/14)
Bioenergy ; Energy generation ; Biomass ; Technology ; Food prices ; Food security ; Climate change ; Rural development ; Poverty ; Ethanol ; Feedstocks ; Sorghum ; Rice ; Economic aspects ; Financing ; Public-private cooperation ; Environmental effects ; Case studies ; Policy ; Indicators ; Households ; Water resources ; Water depletion ; Water quality ; Pumping / Asia / Thailand
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045193)
(5.47 MB) (4.9MB)
19 Pradhan, Surendra; Amoah, Philip; Piya, R. C.; Heinonen-Tanski, H. 2012. Urine fertilizer for vegetable production - a case study in Nepal and Ghana. Paper presented at the International Conference on Fecal Sludge Management (FSM2), Durban, South Africa, 29-31 October 2012. 7p.
Urine ; Faeces ; Organic fertilizers ; Wood ash ; Vegetable growing ; Sanitation ; Biomass ; Case studies / Nepal / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045305)
(0.69 MB) (0.69 MB)
Eco-toilets (human urine and faecal matter collected separately) are one of the best ways to solve sanitation problem, and this practice also improves the environment and increases the food production. This study focuses on experimental demonstration of use of urine, wood ash and poultry droppings (PD) as a fertilizer in central Nepal and in Accra, Ghana. In Nepal; Fertilizer value of urine+ash was compared with animal manure and no-fertilization in the cultivation of radish, potato, broadleaf mustard, cauliflower and cabbage. The urine + ash or manure fertilized plots received 54 kgN/ha for radish, 51 kgN/ha for potato, 81 kgN/ha for broadleaf mustard and 77 kgN/ha for cabbage and cauliflower. Similarly in Ghana; urine was compared no fertilization and urine + PD (poultry dropping) was compared with NPK (mineral fertilizer)+PD as a dose of 121 kgN/ha.
In Nepal; the urine+ash fertilizer produced significantly (P<0.05) higher broadleaf mustard biomass than obtained from animal manure and without fertilization. It was demonstrated that urine+ash can produce higher yields than manure fertilizer; the differences being >24 t/ha radish tuber, >95 kg/ha potato tuber, >19 t/ha cauliflower total biomass and >15 t/ha cabbage total biomass. In Ghana; urine produced 1.2 ton/ha more cabbage head biomass compared to no fertilization and urine+PD produced 0.82 t/ha more cabbage head biomass compared to NPK+PD. Furthermore, in Nepal; N-fertilizer value of 4 litres urine is equal to the 1 kg of dry manure and in Ghana N-fertilizer value of 2 litres of urine is equal to 1 kg of poultry droppings. In conclusion, human urine can be used as fertilizer alone or combined with wood ash and poultry droppings and this can produce similar or even more vegetable biomass than can be achieved with no fertilization, manure fertilization or NPK+PD.
In Nepal; the urine+ash fertilizer produced significantly (P<0.05) higher broadleaf mustard biomass than obtained from animal manure and without fertilization. It was demonstrated that urine+ash can produce higher yields than manure fertilizer; the differences being >24 t/ha radish tuber, >95 kg/ha potato tuber, >19 t/ha cauliflower total biomass and >15 t/ha cabbage total biomass. In Ghana; urine produced 1.2 ton/ha more cabbage head biomass compared to no fertilization and urine+PD produced 0.82 t/ha more cabbage head biomass compared to NPK+PD. Furthermore, in Nepal; N-fertilizer value of 4 litres urine is equal to the 1 kg of dry manure and in Ghana N-fertilizer value of 2 litres of urine is equal to 1 kg of poultry droppings. In conclusion, human urine can be used as fertilizer alone or combined with wood ash and poultry droppings and this can produce similar or even more vegetable biomass than can be achieved with no fertilization, manure fertilization or NPK+PD.
20 Mekuria, Wolde; Yami, Mastewal. 2013. Changes in woody species composition following establishing exclosures on grazing lands in the lowlands of northern Ethiopia. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 7(1):30-40. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJEST11.378]
Grazing lands ; Land degradation ; Land use ; Vegetation ; Biomass ; Woody plants ; Species / Northern Ethiopia / Tigray
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045629)
http://www.academicjournals.org/ajest/PDF/pdf%202013/Jan/Mekuria%20and%20Yami.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045629.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045629.pdf
(0.29 MB) (291.57KB)
Restoring vegetation in low rainfall areas is difficult and urges the need to design an effective and low-cost method of vegetation restoration. This study was undertaken in the lowlands of northern Ethiopia to: (1) investigate how exclosure age affects restoration of degraded native plant species richness, diversity and aboveground standing biomass, and (2) identify soil characteristics, which affect effectiveness of exclosures to restore degraded native vegetation. Replicated (n = 3) 5-, 10- and 15- year-old exclosures were selected and each exclosure was paired with an adjacent grazing land to detect changes in vegetation variables following establishing exclosures on communal grazing lands. All exclosures displayed higher species richness, diversity and aboveground biomass when compared to the adjacent grazing lands. Results on vegetation composition indicate that all exclosures are at early stage of succession. In all exclosures and grazing lands, vegetation variables displayed significant (p < 0.05) correlations with soil variables indicating that consideration of soil fertility will help enhance natural regeneration in exclosures. Our study indicates that the establishment of exclosures on degraded communal grazing lands can be effective in restoring degraded native vegetations, and with time, exclosures may obtain an important role as source of seeds of indigenous woody species.
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