Your search found 16 records
1 Gupta, S. 2002. Integrated Resource Recovery Project in Kolkata, India. Urban Agriculture Magazine, 8:29-30.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 6302 Record No: H031709)
2 Mukherjee, M. 2003. Waste-fed fisheries in periurban Kolkata. Urban Agriculture Magazine, 10:36-37.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 6499 Record No: H032735)
3 Roy, J.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Mukherjee, S.; Kanjilal, M.; Samajpati, S.; Roy, S. 2004. An economic analysis of demand for water quality: Case of Kolkata. Economic and Political Weekly, 39(2):186-192.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 6695 Record No: H033732)
4 Bunting, S. W. 2004. Wastewater aquaculture and livelihoods in peri-urban Kolkata. Waterlines, 23(1):19-21.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H035682)
5 Chakravarti, I.; Ghosh, S. 2004. A megacity in basin: The effects of urbanization. In Herath, S.; Pathirana, A.; Weerakoon, S. B. (Eds.). Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Water Resources Management in the Changing Environment of the Monsoon Region. Bandaranaika Memorial International Conference Hall, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 17-19 November 2004. Vol.II. Colombo, Sri Lanka: National Water Resources Secretariat. pp.597-603.
River basins ; Risks ; Urbanization ; Surface runoff ; Sewage ; Drainage ; Pumping / India / Kolkata / Hooghly River / Ganges / Bay of Bengal
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 HER Record No: H039549)
6 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2008. WASPA Asia: wastewater agriculture and sanitation for poverty alleviation in Asia. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 3p.
Wastewater irrigation ; Health hazards ; Poverty ; Sanitation ; Development projects / Asia / Kolkata
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G570 IWM Record No: H040892)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/WASPA/images/pubs/english%20flyer%20final.pdf
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/WASPA/images/pubs/flyer%20sinhala%20final.pdf
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/WASPA/images/pubs/bangla.pdf
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/WASPA/images/pubs/flyer%20sinhala%20final.pdf
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/WASPA/images/pubs/bangla.pdf
(1.59MB)
7 Narain, S.; Srinivasan, R. K.; Banerjee, S.; Chaudhuri, J. 2012. Excreta matters 71 cities [in India]: a survey. Vol. 2. New Delhi, India: Centre for Science and Environment (CSE). 486p.
Water resources ; Water pollution ; Excreta ; Urban areas ; Highlands ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water distribution ; Water use ; Groundwater ; Sewage ; Waste disposal ; Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater management ; Water security ; Water quality ; Economic aspects ; Rivers ; Lakes ; Wetlands ; Drainage systems ; Sanitation ; Wells ; Pipes / India / Himalaya / Dehrdun / Jammu / Mussoorie / Nainital / Srinagar / Uttarkashi / Indo-Gangetic Plains / Agra / Allahabad / Amritsar / Bathinda / Delhi / Faridabad / Gurgaon / Kanpur / Lucknow / Mathura / Meerut / Patna / Yamunanagar / Jagadhri / Punjab / Khanna / Malout / Mansa / Budhlada / Baretta / Bhucho / Goniana / Kot Fatta / Maur / Raman / Rampura / Sangat / Eastern Highlands / Dhanbad / Hazaribagh / Ranchi / The northeast / Aizawl / Guwahati / Siliguri / The Desert / Alwar / Bhilwara / Jaipur / Jodhpur / Udaipur / Central Highlands / Bhopal / Dewas / Gwalior / Indore / Jabalpur / Jhansi / Nagpur / Rajkot / Ujjain / Vadodara / The Deccan / Aurangabad / Bangaluru / Baramati / Hubli-Dharwad / Hyderabad / Pune / Solapur / Tumkur / Coastal Cities / Bhubaneswar / Chennai / Cuttack / Kolkata / Kozhikode / Mumbai / Puducherry / Srikakulam / Surat / Thane / Thiruvananthapuram
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631.7.5 G635 NAR Record No: H044743)
(0.32 MB)
8 Pal, A.; Chowdhury, U. K.; Mondal, D.; Das, B.; Nayak, B.; Ghosh, A.; Maity, S.; Chakraborty, D. 2009. Arsenic burden from cooked rice in the populations of arsenic affected and nonaffected areas and Kolkata city in West Bengal India. Environmental Science and Technology, 43(9):3349-3355.
Arsenic ; Contamination ; Groundwater ; Rice ; Irrigation water ; Analytical methods / India / West Bengal / Kolkata
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045016)
(0.18 MB)
Arsenic contamination of rice irrigated with contaminated groundwater contributes to the additional arsenic burden of the population where rice is the staple food. In an arsenic contaminated area, an experimental field-based study done on nine fields elucidated significant positive correlation between arsenic in irrigation water and soil, irrigation water and rice, and also soil and rice both for Boro (groundwater) and Aman (rainwater) rice. Speciation studies showed that for both Boro (cooked) and Aman (raw) rice from contaminated area, 90% of total recovered arsenic was inorganic. In arsenic contaminated, uncontaminated villages, and Kolkata city, daily quantities of arsenic ingested by adult population from cooked rice diet are equivalent to 6.5, 1.8, and 2.3 L, respectively, of drinking water containing WHO guideline value. In contaminated area, daily intake only from cooked Boro rice for 34.6% of the samples exceeded the WHO recommended MTDI value (2 µg In-As day-1 kg-1 body wt), whereas daily intake from Aman rice was below MTDI value as was rice from uncontaminated areas and Kolkata city. Our study indicated that employing traditional rice cooking method as followed in Bengal delta and using water having arsenic<3µgL-1 for cooking, actual exposure to arsenic from rice would be much less.
9 Winrock International India; Institute for Studies and Transformations; Jadavpur University. Department of Economics; EcoFriends; Spatial Decisions; Youth for Unity and Voluntary Action (YUVA). 2006. Urban wastewater: livelihoods, health and environmental impacts in India. Research report submitted to Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture. New Delhi, India: Winrock International India. 160p.
Urban areas ; Urbanization ; Wastewater ; Wastewater treatment ; Sewage ; Water reuse ; Agriculture ; Wastewater irrigation ; Water use ; History ; Social aspects ; Economic aspects ; Legal aspects ; Environmental impact ; Impact assessment ; Water quality ; Soil quality ; Groundwater ; Surface water ; Aquaculture ; Health hazards ; Case studies / India / Ahmedabad / Kanpur / Delhi / Kolkata
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045323)
(2.21 MB)
10 Vedachalam, S. 2014. Water supply and sanitation in India: meeting targets and beyond. In Grafton, R. Q.; Wyrwoll, P.; White, C.; Allendes, D. (Eds.). Global water: issues and insights. Canberra, Australia: Australian National University (ANU Press). pp.95-100.
Water supply ; Sanitation ; Public health ; Population distribution ; Wastewater treatment / India / Bangalore / Chennai / Delhi / Hyderabad / Kolkata / Mumbai
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046549)
http://press.anu.edu.au/apps/bookworm/view/Global+Water%3A+Issues+and+Insights/11041/ch04.3.xhtml#toc_marker-25
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046549.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046549.pdf
(0.11 MB)
11 Amerasinghe, Priyanie; McCartney, Matthew; Apsunde, K.; Mehra, Kanika. 2015. Wetland spatio-temporal change analysis and ecosystem services in two urbanising cities [Abstract only] In Nyssen J., Enyew A., Poesen J et al. (Eds.). International Conference on Tropical Lakes in a Changing Environment: Water, Land, Biology, Climate and Humans (TropiLakes), Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 23-29 September 2015. Book of Abstracts. Bahir Dar, Ethiopia: Bahir Dar University. pp.46-47.
Ecosystem services ; Wetlands ; Urbanization ; Periurban areas ; Land use ; Satellite imagery ; Water resources / India / Kolkata / West Bengal / Nagpur / Maharashtra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047414)
(0.22 MB)
Wetlands in India are under stress due to many natural and anthropogenic events. While the definition of a wetland can extend from small ponds/marshes to large reservoirs, a recent study estimates the wetland area to be 4.7% of country’s geographic area. Key drivers for wetland loss are urbanization and associated land-use changes, population growth and pollution. It is well known that functionally, they provide a variety of ecosystem services (ESS) for human wellbeing and inextricably linked to the hydrological cycle and therefore, the environment as a whole. Usually, wetland loss is assessed only after ground level observations, however, RS/GIS tools offers a way to assess the areas that are rapidly losing wetlands that can be regarded as “Hot spots”. This study was aimed at providing the evidence for wetland loss and showcase the important Ecosystem Services (ESS) they provide, so that planners can take appropriate steps to conserve and safeguard this natural resource.
Urban and peri-urban wetlands distribution was studied in two cities, namely, Kolkata, West Bengal, and Nagpur, Maharashtra. Supervised Image classification and Modified Normal Difference Water Index (MNDWI) were used to assess the changes in landscape and loss of wetland area respectively, during the period 2000 and 2013, covering an area of urban sprawl. A wetland inventory was prepared to the extent possible, from the satellite images available in the public domain. A checklist of ESS were prepared through a participatory process (wetland users and key informants) based on the TEEB’s approach to assessing ESS. A total of 27 ESS were selected, based on observations and surveys. Further, in each site, 4 wetlands were investigated to validate the ESS and wetland dependence by poor communities.
The satellite images enabled the visualization of wetlands of a size class of 0.36 ha and above. Change analysis for the city of Kolkata indicated an increased land area for built-up areas (6%) and waste/open lands (1%), calculated against the mapped area of 87,500 ha. Decreased coverage was observed for water bodies (3%), orchards and trees (5%), agriculture and shrub lands (10%). Development activities appeared to impact especially the water bodies. Based on wetland inventories and water density maps, 4 types of wetlands appeared to be prominent. These were tanks, aquaculture/paddy rice, riverine marsh/lagoons and treatment units, which covered a total area of 10,645 ha (year 2000). Tanks constituted 12% of the total area, while only 1.2% (127 ha) could be classified as natural. The rest of the area that included much of the EKW (East Kolkata Wetland) was influenced by anthropogenic activities over time. A 50% reduction (5930 ha) in the wetland area was attributed to the loss of aquaculture/paddy rice areas. Interestingly, the EKW area had increased marginally, perhaps due to the conservation efforts through the Ramsar program, although areas close to the city were constantly under threat. While the reduction in the overall area of tanks was marginal, the number of tanks had halved, indicating the impact urbanization has had on the water bodies. Among the 37 wetlands studied in detail, 7 were in the peri-urban areas and were part of the EKW. A rich array of ESS were attributed to the wetlands by the wetland users, where the ESS scores ranged from 4-20, with over 75% receiving scores of 15-17.
In the city of Nagpur, the increase in built-up areas was similar to Kolkata (5%). The overall changes in the area for water bodies were marginal. While the agriculture/shrub land area had increased overtime (3%), the vegetation and forest areas (5%), and open/fallow lands (3%) indicated a decline. The sand mines/stone quarry areas remained the same. Four types of wetlands were identified, in the mapped area of 92,500 ha, and they were, tanks, reservoirs, water logged areas in quarries and treatment plants which accounted for over 844 ha. Tanks and reservoirs constituted over 90% of wetland area, and of the 182 wetlands that were mapped only 0.4% could be visualised as natural. Marginal increases in wetland area was attributed to high rainfall and consequent filling up of active quarries and increases in the surface area of tanks, but the loss of natural tanks was significant (70%). Water density maps showed that the southern parts of the city were experiencing water scarcity, probably associated with over abstraction. Eight urban and 4 peri-urban wetland analysis showed a rich diversity of ecosystem functions, with a majority having a range in scores 15-23. Hot spots of wetland loss was clearly evident in both Kolkata and Nagpur, highlighting the need for their conservation. City areas close to the EKW were subject to constant threats, with mounting garbage dumping sites. Considering the rich diversity of ESS of wetlands in both cities, a well-planned conservation program can have benefits that are far reaching.
Urban and peri-urban wetlands distribution was studied in two cities, namely, Kolkata, West Bengal, and Nagpur, Maharashtra. Supervised Image classification and Modified Normal Difference Water Index (MNDWI) were used to assess the changes in landscape and loss of wetland area respectively, during the period 2000 and 2013, covering an area of urban sprawl. A wetland inventory was prepared to the extent possible, from the satellite images available in the public domain. A checklist of ESS were prepared through a participatory process (wetland users and key informants) based on the TEEB’s approach to assessing ESS. A total of 27 ESS were selected, based on observations and surveys. Further, in each site, 4 wetlands were investigated to validate the ESS and wetland dependence by poor communities.
The satellite images enabled the visualization of wetlands of a size class of 0.36 ha and above. Change analysis for the city of Kolkata indicated an increased land area for built-up areas (6%) and waste/open lands (1%), calculated against the mapped area of 87,500 ha. Decreased coverage was observed for water bodies (3%), orchards and trees (5%), agriculture and shrub lands (10%). Development activities appeared to impact especially the water bodies. Based on wetland inventories and water density maps, 4 types of wetlands appeared to be prominent. These were tanks, aquaculture/paddy rice, riverine marsh/lagoons and treatment units, which covered a total area of 10,645 ha (year 2000). Tanks constituted 12% of the total area, while only 1.2% (127 ha) could be classified as natural. The rest of the area that included much of the EKW (East Kolkata Wetland) was influenced by anthropogenic activities over time. A 50% reduction (5930 ha) in the wetland area was attributed to the loss of aquaculture/paddy rice areas. Interestingly, the EKW area had increased marginally, perhaps due to the conservation efforts through the Ramsar program, although areas close to the city were constantly under threat. While the reduction in the overall area of tanks was marginal, the number of tanks had halved, indicating the impact urbanization has had on the water bodies. Among the 37 wetlands studied in detail, 7 were in the peri-urban areas and were part of the EKW. A rich array of ESS were attributed to the wetlands by the wetland users, where the ESS scores ranged from 4-20, with over 75% receiving scores of 15-17.
In the city of Nagpur, the increase in built-up areas was similar to Kolkata (5%). The overall changes in the area for water bodies were marginal. While the agriculture/shrub land area had increased overtime (3%), the vegetation and forest areas (5%), and open/fallow lands (3%) indicated a decline. The sand mines/stone quarry areas remained the same. Four types of wetlands were identified, in the mapped area of 92,500 ha, and they were, tanks, reservoirs, water logged areas in quarries and treatment plants which accounted for over 844 ha. Tanks and reservoirs constituted over 90% of wetland area, and of the 182 wetlands that were mapped only 0.4% could be visualised as natural. Marginal increases in wetland area was attributed to high rainfall and consequent filling up of active quarries and increases in the surface area of tanks, but the loss of natural tanks was significant (70%). Water density maps showed that the southern parts of the city were experiencing water scarcity, probably associated with over abstraction. Eight urban and 4 peri-urban wetland analysis showed a rich diversity of ecosystem functions, with a majority having a range in scores 15-23. Hot spots of wetland loss was clearly evident in both Kolkata and Nagpur, highlighting the need for their conservation. City areas close to the EKW were subject to constant threats, with mounting garbage dumping sites. Considering the rich diversity of ESS of wetlands in both cities, a well-planned conservation program can have benefits that are far reaching.
12 De, I.; Nag, T. 2016. Local self-governance, ethnic division in slums and preference for water supply institutions in Kolkata, India. Water Policy, 18(3):750-768. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.127]
Water supply ; Institutions ; Local government ; Governance ; Privatization ; Water availability ; Water quality ; Water demand ; User charges ; Ethnic groups ; Slums ; Communities ; Households ; Religious groups ; Social aspects ; Caste systems ; Discrimination ; Economic situation ; Income ; Models / India / Kolkata
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047613)
(0.26 MB)
This paper investigates the preferences for institutional mechanisms for improved water supply services across different ethnic communities in slums of Kolkata. The Muslim community prefers privatization of water supply as against paid public supply. The backward caste community prefers both paid public delivery and privatization. Residents of non-notified (NN) slums prefer paid public delivery as against privatization. Access to accountability mechanisms for water supply is lower for residents of Muslim dominated regions and NN areas. This is reflected by household perception about awareness of councilors regarding water supply conditions in the slums. The choice of alternative institution depends on the degree of risk of exclusion due to lack of access to accountability mechanisms. Notification of NN slums, higher revenue autonomy and capacity of local bodies, and innovations in scale neutral technologies may improve access to water supply by marginalized communities in slums.
13 Bhattacharya, S.; Ghosh, Surajit; Bhattacharyya, S. 2022. Analytical hierarchy process tool in Google Earth Engine platform: a case study of a tropical landfill site suitability. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 194(4):276. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-09878-w]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051499)
(2.01 MB)
Kolkata being a metropolitan city in India has its main municipal solid waste dumpsite situated at Dhapa just adjacent to the East Kolkata Wetlands (Ramsar site). The current prevalent situation at Dhapa is open dumping leading to various contaminations and hazards putting forth the need to look for alternative sites where the landfiilling operation can be shifted to using scientific methods. A user interface (UI)–based analytical hierarchy process (AHP) tool has been developed within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform to find out the alternative dumping sites using geospatial layers. AHP function is not available as a native algorithm or developed by any researcher in GEE. The tool has three major functionalities, of which the first one handles the UI elements. The AHP procedure is within another function, and the last function integrates the AHP coefficients to the layers generating the final suitability layer. Users can also upload comparison matrix as GEE asset in the form of CSV file which gets automatically integrated into the AHP to calculate the coefficients and consistency ratio to generate the spatial suitability layers. This approach showcases a generalized AHP function within the GEE environment, which has been done for the first time. The tool is designed in the cloud platform which is dynamic, robust and suitable for use in various AHP-based suitability analysis in environmental monitoring and assessment.
14 Gomes, S. L.; Hermans, L. M.; Chakraborty, Shreya; Luft, S.; Butsch, C.; Banerjee, P. S. 2023. Comparative analysis of local adaptation processes in the future across peri-urban India to support transformations to sustainability. Global Environmental Change, 82:102721. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2023.102721]
Local communities ; Adaptation ; Periurban areas ; Sustainability ; Transformation ; Comparative analysis ; Institutions ; Strategies ; Livelihoods ; Households ; Water use ; Villages ; Climate change ; Vulnerability / India / Pune / Hyderabad / Kolkata / Paud / Anajpur / Hadia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052093)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378023000870/pdfft?md5=65a19faad09d2a26c93dedf625725aee&pid=1-s2.0-S0959378023000870-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052093.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052093.pdf
(1.49 MB) (1.49 MB)
Peri-urban transformations in emerging economies like India demand scientific attention given their impact on global environmental change processes. Some studies examine past or ongoing peri-urban adaptation processes, but insight into future adaptation needs and aspirations of peri-urban communities is lacking. Also, it is unknown how the high degree of informality that characterizes peri-urban areas, interacts with formal institutions to shape or enable more sustainable adaptation pathways. This study addresses these scientific gaps, using an existing typology of adaptation processes to investigate plausible future adaptation pathways in three peri-urban villages in India, near Pune, Hyderabad, and Kolkata cities. On-site field research followed by a Delphi-study were used to develop normative adaptation pathways for livelihood and household water use with local actors. The pathways represent development trajectories and adaptation strategies over the next 15 years in the livelihood and household water sectors. Pathways data was thereafter analyzed and compared in terms of drivers of vulnerability and opportunity, adaptation processes, and formal and informal institutions. Our ex-ante study identifies general and context specific drivers of vulnerability and opportunity shaping different peri-urban transformations. Results reveal similarities in future drivers, whose impact on peri-urban livelihoods and household water is context dependent. This comparative analysis contributes a deeper understanding of future adaptation needs by highlighting patterns in locally preferred adaptation processes for different drivers and water-use sectors. This normative understanding reveals preferences of local communities who are otherwise marginalized from decision-making arenas. A combination of adaptation processes will be needed to respond to the various drivers, only some of which are achievable through informal institutions. Formal government intervention will be essential for stimulating innovation, intensification, and revitalization forms of adaptation. Institutional adjustments will be key to shaping local agency and future adaptive capacity away from a business-as-usual trajectory.
15 Gomes, S. L.; Hermans, L. M.; Butsch, C.; Banerjee, P. S.; Luft, S.; Chakraborty, Shreya. 2023. A Delphi-based methodology for participatory adaptation pathways building with local stakeholders: methodological considerations and an illustrative application in peri-urban India. Environmental Development, 46:100822. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2023.100822]
Participatory approaches ; Adaptation ; Periurban areas ; Stakeholders ; Planning ; Households ; Water use ; Sustainability ; Livelihoods ; Villages ; Delphi method / India / Kolkata / Hadia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052094)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211464523000222/pdfft?md5=0d81512368e364735cfa9df03e044aaf&pid=1-s2.0-S2211464523000222-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052094.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052094.pdf
(8.38 MB) (8.38 MB)
Adaptation pathways is a planning approach used to design flexible, long-term strategies for dealing with future uncertainty. However, emphasis on how to discuss pathways elements with stakeholders during the pathways building process is under-represented in the existing pathways literature. This paper presents a participatory methodology for building normative adaptation pathways with local stakeholders. Iterative discussions are facilitated using a Delphi study that is designed to explicitly consider institutional, and multi-actor dimensions in the formulation of future adaptive strategies. This leads to adaptation pathways that are more inclusive of local needs. This paper describes the steps for iteratively designing adaptation pathways in a multi-actor setting through a Delphi study.
A pilot application of this Delphi-based adaptation pathway approach is illustrated with local actors in peri-urban Kolkata (India) for future water management. It demonstrates how this methodology offers a structured way to introduce pathways thinking to local stakeholders and helps build consensus about future preferences and adaptation options. Moreover, it stimulates discussions about normative differences across and within stakeholder groups through the underlying values that define future pathways as well as the institutional adjustments needed to successfully activate adaptations strategies over time. Future work may be directed towards to strengthening discussions around uncertainty, connecting pathways to a broader set of future scenarios, and comparing this facilitation method against other existing ones.
A pilot application of this Delphi-based adaptation pathway approach is illustrated with local actors in peri-urban Kolkata (India) for future water management. It demonstrates how this methodology offers a structured way to introduce pathways thinking to local stakeholders and helps build consensus about future preferences and adaptation options. Moreover, it stimulates discussions about normative differences across and within stakeholder groups through the underlying values that define future pathways as well as the institutional adjustments needed to successfully activate adaptations strategies over time. Future work may be directed towards to strengthening discussions around uncertainty, connecting pathways to a broader set of future scenarios, and comparing this facilitation method against other existing ones.
16 Taron, Avinandan; Majumder, A.; Bodach, Susanne; Agbefu, Dzifa. 2023. Public-private partnerships for the circular bio-economy in the Global South: lessons learned. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 50p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 22) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2023.205]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Reuse ; Circular economy ; Bioeconomy ; Public-private partnerships ; Developing countries ; Case studies ; Waste management ; Solid wastes ; Recycling ; Composting ; Organic wastes ; Organic fertilizers ; Bioenergy ; Biogas ; Briquettes ; Business models ; Markets ; Scaling up ; Appropriate technology ; Innovation ; Financial analysis ; Risk management ; Policies ; Regulations ; Legal frameworks ; Economic viability ; Feasibility studies ; Project design ; Costs ; Environmental assessment ; Social analysis ; Infrastructure ; Investment ; Marketing ; Small and medium enterprises ; Stakeholders ; Municipal authorities ; Procurement planning ; Contracts ; Sustainability ; Carbon credits ; Climate change mitigation ; Agricultural wastes ; Faecal sludge ; Soil quality ; Communities ; Awareness / Asia / Africa / India / Bangladesh / Ghana / Sri Lanka / Pakistan / Rwanda / Indonesia / Somanya / Bulta / Matara / Lahore / Pune / Kigali / Karnataka / New Delhi / Sakhipur / Kolkata / Temesi / Tema / Timarpur
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H052155)
(6.20 MB)
Processing biomass from different waste streams into marketable products such as organic fertilizer and bio-energy is increasingly realized through public-private partnerships (PPPs). In developing countries, the private sector can be expected to contribute technical skills, organizational capabilities and marketing expertise, and leverage capital inflow. In contrast, the public sector will provide the regulatory framework and help its enforcement, plan public investment, involve and educate stakeholders, and ensure waste supply.
This report reviews case studies that implemented PPPs in resource recovery and reuse (RRR) from waste streams with a particular focus on Asia and Africa, including those PPPs facilitated by the authors. Critical factors behind the success and failure of these cases are analyzed. The review indicates three key barriers to success: (i) waste-related bottlenecks, (ii) limited awareness about RRR products and their market(ing), and (iii) lack of proper institutional frameworks. Common shortfalls concern failure to meet commitments related to the quality and quantity of waste, missing understanding of the reuse market, etc. The report points out mitigation measures addressing possible challenges around appropriate technologies, finance and revenue streams, legal issues, as well as social and environmental concerns. It is required to establish close monitoring, appropriate procurement mechanisms and due diligence during the project preparation and pre-bid. If possible, such a PPP project should consider risk and commercial viability assessment as well as financial strategy planning (scaling).
Successful involvement of the private sector in the RRR market is critical to close the resource loop and safeguard human and environmental health, which is the overarching objective of sustainable waste management.
This report reviews case studies that implemented PPPs in resource recovery and reuse (RRR) from waste streams with a particular focus on Asia and Africa, including those PPPs facilitated by the authors. Critical factors behind the success and failure of these cases are analyzed. The review indicates three key barriers to success: (i) waste-related bottlenecks, (ii) limited awareness about RRR products and their market(ing), and (iii) lack of proper institutional frameworks. Common shortfalls concern failure to meet commitments related to the quality and quantity of waste, missing understanding of the reuse market, etc. The report points out mitigation measures addressing possible challenges around appropriate technologies, finance and revenue streams, legal issues, as well as social and environmental concerns. It is required to establish close monitoring, appropriate procurement mechanisms and due diligence during the project preparation and pre-bid. If possible, such a PPP project should consider risk and commercial viability assessment as well as financial strategy planning (scaling).
Successful involvement of the private sector in the RRR market is critical to close the resource loop and safeguard human and environmental health, which is the overarching objective of sustainable waste management.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
