Your search found 33 records
1 Chaube, U. C. 1993. Environmental implications of inadequate drainage in irrigated areas. In Tingsanchali, T. (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmentally Sound Water Resources Utilization, Bangkok, Thailand, 8-11 November 1993. Vol.1. Bangkok, Thailand: AIT. pp.I-165-173.
Environmental effects ; Drainage ; Irrigation effects ; Policy ; Waterlogging ; Soil salinity ; Waterborne diseases / India / Ganges Basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 TIN Record No: H015778)
2 van Dam, J. C.; Wessel, J. (Eds.) 1993. Transboundary river basin management and sustainable development: Proceedings, Lustrum Symposium, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-22 May 1992. Vol.II. Paris, France: UNESCO. xi, 272p.
River basin development ; Ecology ; Water transfer ; International cooperation ; Water quality ; Monitoring ; Sedimentation ; Runoff ; Water management ; Water control ; Models ; Environmental effects ; Groundwater / Europe / France / Belgium / Germany / Austria / Netherlands / Jordan / Israel / West Africa / North Africa / India / Bangladesh / China / Sri Lanka / Japan / Middle East / Rhine River / Danube River / Jordan River / Niger River / Chad Basin / Indus River / Teesta River / Scheldt / Meuse / S-re / Mahaweli Project / Volta / Da River / Yodo River / River Vecht / Ganges Basin / Brahmaputra River / Meghana
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 VAN Record No: H016075)
3 World Bank. 1989. Alleviating poverty through groundwater irrigation. Unpublished proceedings of the World Bank Colloquium on Groundwater Irrigation, Washington, DC, USA, 12-14 April 1989. 466p.
Groundwater irrigation ; Groundwater development ; Poverty ; Rural development ; Equity ; Water market ; Water costs ; Tube wells / South Asia / Bangladesh / India / Nepal / Ganges Basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.6.3 G570 WOR Record No: H016098)
4 Frederiksen, H. D. 1998. International community response to critical world water problems: A perspective for policy makers. Water Policy, 1(2):139-158.
Water policy ; Legal aspects ; River basins ; International cooperation ; Conflict ; Resource allocation / China / Thailand / Turkey / Syria / Iraq / Iran / Israel / Jordan / Palestine / Lebanon / Egypt / India / USA / Canada / Salween Basin / Mekong Basin / Euphrates / Tigris / Jordan River / Yarmuk River / Nile River / Ganges Basin / Indus Basin / Narmada Basin / Columbia River / Rio Grande Basin / Aral Sea
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 5141, PER Record No: H024361)
5 Shah, Tushaar. 2009. Groundwater irrigation and livelihoods in the Ganga Basin: analysis of minor irrigation policy in north Bengal, India. International Journal of River Basin Management, 7(2):125-133.
Groundwater irrigation ; Irrigation programs ; River basins ; Water lifting ; Policy ; Water table ; Tube wells ; Pumps ; Loans ; Farmers ; Rural poverty / India / North Bengal / Ganges Basin / North Bengal Terai Development Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042203)
(0.17 MB)
6 Jain, S. K.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Zahid, A.; Jin, M.; Shreshtha, J. L.; Kumar, V.; Rai, S. P.; Hu, J.; Luo, Y.; Sharma, D. 2009. A comparative analysis of the hydrology of the Indus-Gangetic and Yellow River basins. In Mukherji, Aditi; Villholth, K. G.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Wang, J. (Eds.) Groundwater governance in the Indo-Gangetic and Yellow River basins: realities and challenges. London, UK: CRC Press. pp.43-64. (IAH Selected Papers on Hydrogeology 15)
Hydrogeology ; River basins ; Groundwater irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Aquifers ; Water use / China / India / Pakistan / Bangladesh / Nepal / Indus Basin / Ganges Basin / Yellow River Basin / Ordos Basin / Huang-Huai-Hai plain
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.6.3 G570 MUK Record No: H042222)
(0.51 MB)
7 Eastham, J.; Kirby, M.; Mainuddin, M.; Thomas, M. 2010. Water-use accounts in CPWF basins: simple water-use accounting of the Ganges Basin. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF). 30p. (CPWF Working Paper: Basin Focal Project Series BFP005)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042843)
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/10190/CPWF_BFP_WP_05.pdf?sequence=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042843.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042843.pdf
(0.92 MB) (944 KB)
This paper applies the principles of water-use accounts, developed in the first of the series, to the Ganges River Basin in South Asia. The Ganges Basin covers six countries, the River rises in the western Himalayas in the Uttarakhand state of India. A unique feature is the strong seasonal variation in both precipitation and potential evaporation. The water related issues of the basin are both due to high and low flow.
Net runoff is about 37% of total precipitation. Rainfed agriculture covers 52% of the basin and use about 32% of the precipitation. Grassland covers much of the upper part of the Basin, consuming about 9% of the precipitation. Irrigated agriculture covers 25% of the Basin and uses about 18% of the water.
Changing irrigation efficiency from the currently assumed 40% to 60% and increasing the irrigated area by 10% has relatively little impact on water availability overall, since the water thus made available can be consumed downstream.
Net runoff is about 37% of total precipitation. Rainfed agriculture covers 52% of the basin and use about 32% of the precipitation. Grassland covers much of the upper part of the Basin, consuming about 9% of the precipitation. Irrigated agriculture covers 25% of the Basin and uses about 18% of the water.
Changing irrigation efficiency from the currently assumed 40% to 60% and increasing the irrigated area by 10% has relatively little impact on water availability overall, since the water thus made available can be consumed downstream.
8 Moors, E. J.; Groot, A.; van Scheltinga, C. T.; Siderius, C.; Stoffel, M; Huggel, C.; Wiltshire, A.; Mathison, C.; Ridley, J.; Jacob, D.; Kumar, P.; Bhadwal, S.; Gosain, A.; Collins, D. N. 2011. Adaptation to changing water resources in the Ganges basin northern India. Environmental Science and Policy, 14:758-769.
Water resources ; Water demand ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Water availability ; River basins ; Glaciers ; Runoff ; Lowland / India / Ganges basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045015)
(1.02 MB)
An ensemble of regional climate model (RCM) runs from the EU HighNoon project are used to project future air temperatures and precipitation on a 25 km grid for the Ganges basin in northern India, with a view to assessing impact of climate change on water resources and determining what multi-sector adaptation measures and policies might be adopted at different spatial scales. The RCM results suggest an increase in mean annual temperature, averaged over the Ganges basin, in the range 1–4 8C over the period from 2000 to 2050, using the SRES A1B forcing scenario. Projections of precipitation indicate that natural variability dominates the climate change signal and there is considerable uncertainty concerning change in regional annual mean precipitation by 2050. The RCMs do suggest an increase in annual mean precipitation in this region to 2050, but lack significant trend. Glaciers in headwater tributary basins of the Ganges appear to be continuing to decline but it is not clear whether meltwater runoff continues to increase. The predicted changes in precipitation and temperature will probably not lead to significant increase in water availability to 2050, but the timing of runoff from snowmelt will likely occur earlier in spring and summer. Water availability is subject to decadal variability, with much uncertainty in the contribution from climate change. Although global social-economic scenarios show trends to urbanization, locally these trends are less evident and in some districts rural population is increasing. Falling groundwater levels in the Ganges plain may prevent expansion of irrigated areas for food supply.
9 Sharma, Bharat R.; de Condappa, D. 2013. Opportunities for harnessing the increased contribution of glacier and snowmelt flows in the Ganges basin. Water Policy, 15(S1):9-25. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2013.008]
Climate change ; Temperature ; Glaciers ; Snowmelt ; River basins ; Aquifers ; Dams ; Models ; Water scarcity ; Water resources ; Stream flow ; Upstream ; Downstream / India / Bangladesh / Ganges Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H046155)
(0.51 MB)
The topography of the Ganges basin is highly variable, with the steep mountainous region of the Himalaya upstream and the large fertile plains in eastern India and Bangladesh downstream. The contribution from the glaciers to streamflows is supposed to be significant but there is uncertainty surrounding the impact of climate change on glaciers. An application of the Water Evaluation and Planning model was set up which contained an experimental glaciers module. The model also examined the possible impacts of an increase in temperature. The contribution from glaciated areas is significant (60–75%) in the Upper Ganges but reduces downstream, falling to about 19% at Farakka. Climate change-induced rise in temperature logically increases the quantity of snow and ice that melts in glaciated areas. However, this impact decreases from upstream (þ8% to þ26% at Tehri dam) to downstream (þ1% to þ4% at Farakka). Such increases in streamflows may create flood events more frequently, or of higher magnitude, in the upper reaches. Potential strategies to exploit this additional water may include the construction of new dams/reservoir storage and the development of groundwater in the basin through managed aquifer recharge. The riparian states of India, Nepal and Bangladesh could harness this opportunity to alleviate physical water scarcity and improve productivity.
10 Natarajan, Rajmohan; Prathapar, Sanmugam A. 2014. Extent of arsenic contamination and its impact on the food chain and human health in the eastern Ganges Basin: a review. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 47p. (IWMI Working Paper 161) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2014.224]
Arsenic ; Contamination ; Organic arsenic compounds ; Inorganic compounds ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Food chains ; Groundwater ; Water pollution ; Soil pollution ; Rice ; Irrigation water ; Drinking water ; Tube wells ; Ion exchange / India / Nepal / Bangladesh / Ganges Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046775)
(1 MB)
Exposure to arsenic and the use of arsenic-contaminated groundwater in agriculture causes serious health issues. Complete or partial contamination of groundwater is reported worldwide, especially in the Eastern Gangetic Basin (EGB). This study aims to create an overall assessment of arsenic contamination in the EGB based on existing literature, demarcate the extent of the affected area, highlight the impacts on the food chain and human health, and hopes the research will help in the better planning and management of groundwater. Although several studies have evaluated arsenic contamination of groundwater in the EGB, (a) there is no proper long-term monitoring being done in affected areas; (b) there is a debate to identify the exact source and transport processes of arsenic occurrence in this region; (c) there is no comprehensive method to estimate the level of arsenic contamination in soil, water and the food chain; and (d) Arsenic contamination in Bihar and Nepal is not evaluated systematically, especially arsenic accumulation in the food chain and human health issues. Data scarcity and accessibility are the major challenges in this region. Thus, this review recommends systematic monitoring and analysis of arsenic contamination in groundwater, soils and food across the EGB.
11 Clayton, Terry; Victor, Michael. 2014. From research outputs to development outcomes: selected stories. In Harrington, Larry W.; Fisher, M. J. (Eds.). Water scarcity, livelihoods and food security: research and innovation for development. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.178-199. (Earthscan Studies in Water Resource Management)
Research policy ; Investment ; Environmental services ; Community development ; Resource management ; Sustainability ; Living standards ; Public health ; Models ; Floodplains ; River basins ; Water governance ; Multiple use ; Farmers ; Fisheries / Central America / South Africa / Ghana / India / Colombia / Bangladesh / Zimbabwe / Cambodia / Nepal / GaMampa wetland / Limpopo River Basin / Niger River Basin / Andean Watershed / Mekong Basin / Ganges Basin / West Bengal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 HAR, e-copy SF Record No: H046788)
12 Mirza, M. M. Q.; Ahmad, Q. K. (Eds.) 2005. Climate change and water resources in South Asia. Leiden, Netherlands: A. A. Balkema. 322p.
Climate change ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water availability ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water policy ; Hydrology ; Models ; Impact assessment ; Rivers ; Discharges ; Glacial lakes ; Flooding ; Drought ; Risk assessment ; Adaptation ; Stakeholders ; Case studies / South Asia / India / Bangladesh / Nepal / Bhutan / Pakistan / Gujarat / Dhaka / Ganges Basin / Brahmaputra Basin / Meghna Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 577.22 G570 MIR Record No: H047179)
(0.35 MB)
13 Prasai, S. 2015. Water and climate data in the Ganges Basin: assessing access to information regimes and implications for cooperation on transboundary rivers. Water Alternatives, 8(2):20-35.
International waters ; River basins ; International cooperation ; Access to information ; Climatic data ; Hydrological data ; Water governance ; State intervention ; Legal aspects ; Institutions ; Political aspects ; Environmental effects / South Asia / India / Nepal / Bangladesh / Ganges Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047610)
http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/vol8/v8issue2/279-a8-2-2/file
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047610.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047610.pdf
(0.80 MB) (820 KB)
Public access to government-maintained water and climate data in the three major co-riparian countries of the Ganges Basin – Nepal, India and Bangladesh – has been either inadequately granted or formally restricted. This paper examines the effects of newly enacted Right to Information (RTI) laws in these three countries to assess changes in the information access regimes as they relate to hydrological data. We find that neither the RTI laws nor the internal and external demand for increased transparency in governments have affected access to information regimes on water at a fundamental level. In India, the RTI laws have not eased public access to data on its transboundary rivers including in the Ganges Basin and in Nepal and Bangladesh, while data can be legally accessed using RTI laws, the administrative procedures for such an access are not developed enough to make a tangible difference on the ground. We then discuss the implications of our findings on the continuing impasse on regional collaboration on water in South Asia and point to rapid advancements in technology as an emerging pathway to greater data democracy.
14 Amarnath, Giriraj; Islam, A. K. M. S.; Shrestha, M. S. 2016. Managing variability: floods and droughts. In Bharati, Luna; Sharma, Bharat R.; Smakhtin, Vladimir (Eds.). The Ganges River Basin: status and challenges in water, environment and livelihoods. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.71-92. (Earthscan Series on Major River Basins of the World)
Disaster risk management ; Flooding ; Drought ; Climate change ; Monitoring ; Mapping ; Satellite observation ; Remote sensing ; Spatial distribution ; Monsoon climate ; Rain ; Hydrology ; Models ; Early warning systems ; Forecasting ; Precipitation ; Crop yield ; Population / India / Nepal / Bangladesh / Ganges Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047812)
15 Sharma, Bharat; Sikka, Alok K.; Sah, R. P.; Cai, Xueliang. 2016. Agriculture and water use: implications for sustainable intensification in the Ganges Basin. In Bharati, Luna; Sharma, Bharat R.; Smakhtin, Vladimir (Eds.). The Ganges River Basin: status and challenges in water, environment and livelihoods. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.93-113. (Earthscan Series on Major River Basins of the World)
Sustainable agriculture ; Farming systems ; Intensification ; Water management ; Water use ; Water productivity ; Water balance ; Agricultural production ; Crop yield ; Rice ; Wheat ; Farmer managed irrigation systems ; Living standards ; Rain ; Catchment areas ; Highlands ; Deltas ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Coastal area / India / Nepal / Bangladesh / Ganges Basin / Gangetic Plains
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047813)
16 Sugden, Fraser; Saikia, Panchali; Maskey-Amatya, Niki; Pokharel, Paras. 2016. Gender, agricultural investment and productivity in an era of out-migration. In Bharati, Luna; Sharma, Bharat R.; Smakhtin, Vladimir (Eds.). The Ganges River Basin: status and challenges in water, environment and livelihoods. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.273-293. (Earthscan Series on Major River Basins of the World)
Agricultural production ; Gender ; Labour allocation ; Migrant labour ; Male labour ; Women farmers ; Empowerment ; Agricultural practices ; Investment ; Productivity ; Irrigation ; Land ownership ; Tenant farmers ; Villages ; Demography ; Socioeconomic environment ; Remuneration ; Households ; Living standards ; Case studies / Nepal / India / Bangladesh / Ganges Basin / Dhanusha / Saptari / Madhubani
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047819)
17 Natarajan, Rajmohan; Chakraborti, D.; Prathapar, S. 2016. Arsenic in the eastern Ganges Basin: extent and impact on food chain and human health. In Bharati, Luna; Sharma, Bharat R.; Smakhtin, Vladimir (Eds.). The Ganges River Basin: status and challenges in water, environment and livelihoods. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.205-221. (Earthscan Series on Major River Basins of the World)
Arsenic ; Contamination ; Groundwater ; Water pollution ; Inorganic compounds ; Toxicity ; Drinking water ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Food chains ; Rice ; Irrigation water ; Tube wells ; Soil pollution / India / Nepal / Bangladesh / Ganges Basin / Bihar / West Bengal / Terai Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047839)
18 Rai, S. P.; Young, W.; Sharma, N. 2017. Risk and opportunity assessment for water cooperation in transboundary river basins in South Asia. Water Resources Management, 31(7):2187-2205. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-017-1637-2]
International waters ; River basins ; International cooperation ; Risk assessment ; Water resources ; Water management ; Economic development ; Political aspects ; Evaluation techniques ; Fuzzy logic ; Riparian zones / South Asia / India / Bangladesh / Bhutan / China / Pakistan / Nepal / Afghanistan / Brahmaputra Basin / Ganges Basin / Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048090)
(0.79 MB)
Rapid increases in demand for food and energy as a result of population growth and economic development is placing ever increasing demands on limited water resources in South Asia, and climate change is expected further complicate water resource management. In spite of important reductions in poverty levels in recent decades the region is still home to a very large number of poor whose quality of life is directly affected by the availability and quality of water and water services. A significant fraction of the water resources of the region and a significant fraction of the poor are associated with major Himalayan transboundary rivers, and given growing water demand it is likely that the already significant sensitivity around water cooperation amongst co-riparians will increase. Understanding the risks and opportunities for transboundary cooperation in the river systems in South Asia is thus important for guiding sustainable transboundary basin management in the region. This study refines a novel method for a rapid assessment of these cooperation risks and opportunities and applies it to the Brahmaputra, Ganges and Indus river basins to test its utility. The method employs a fuzzy synthetic evaluation technique that combines fuzzy logic and an analytical hierarchy process to assess cooperation risk and opportunity in terms of a Risk-Opportunity Index (ROI). The ROI is a function of four composite development variables and three hegemony variables that indicate the various pressures on the basin water resource and the different control strategies riparians could adopt given existing power asymmetries. In the absence of a clear rationale for differential weighting, equal weights were assigned to all seven variables for this application. A “defuzzification” scoring method is used to define compromising, risk-averse and risk-taking variants of ROI for riparian pairs within each basin. Overall, the results for the compromising ROI suggest that the opportunities for bilateral cooperation are highest (and risks the lowest) in the Brahmaputra Basin and the opportunities are lowest (and the risks highest) in the Indus Basin. This overall assessment is consistent with current common perception. Within the basins the compromising ROI values suggest a few instances of high risk and/or low opportunity, as well as an approximately equal number of instances of medium risk/opportunity and low risk/high opportunity. The study demonstrates that the fuzzy synthetic evaluation technique has utility for rapidly identifying potential opportunities for riparian cooperation in transboundary basins, in order to guide dialogue processes and more detailed analyzes. The study also however, reveals some aspects of the method where further refinement would likely yield more reliable assessments of cooperation risks and opportunities. Specifically, further refinements could consider the relative geographic position of co-riparians within a basin, and the relative resource access of different riparians. The method only considers bilateral riparian interactions and not more complex multi-lateral interactions. The results of study may contribute to various ongoing regional and basin dialogues on water cooperation in South Asia.
19 Jeuland, M.; Harshadeep, N.; Escurra, J.; Blackmore, D.; Sadoff, C. 2013. Implications of climate change for water resources development in the Ganges basin. Water Policy, 15(S1):26-50. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2013.107]
Water resources development ; Climate change ; Economic aspects ; Optimization ; Hydrological cycle ; Simulation models ; Precipitation ; Tributaries ; Water power ; Water storage ; Water availability ; Water use ; Dams ; Dry season ; Irrigation water ; Temperature / South Asia / India / Bangladesh / Nepal / Ganges Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048105)
(0.84 MB)
This paper presents the first basin-wide assessment of the potential impact of climate change on the hydrology and production of the Ganges system, undertaken as part of the World Bank's Ganges Strategic Basin Assessment. A series of modeling efforts – downscaling of climate projections, water balance calculations, hydrological simulation and economic optimization – inform the assessment. We find that projections of precipitation across the basin, obtained from 16 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change-recognized General Circulation Models are highly variable, and lead to considerable differences in predictions of mean flows in the main stem of the Ganges and its tributaries. Despite uncertainties in predicted future flows, they are not, however, outside the range of natural variability in this basin, except perhaps at the tributary or sub-catchment levels. We also find that the hydropower potential associated with a set of 23 large dams in Nepal remains high across climate models, largely because annual flow in the tributary rivers greatly exceeds the storage capacities of these projects even in dry scenarios. The additional storage and smoothing of flows provided by these infrastructures translates into enhanced water availability in the dry season, but the relative value of this water for the purposes of irrigation in the Gangetic plain, and for low flow augmentation to Bangladesh under climate change, is unclear.
20 Reddy, V. R.; Rout, S. K.; Pavelic, Paul. 2017. Underground taming of floods in the Ganges basin: technologies, institutions and policies. In Tsakiris, G.; Tsihrintzis, V. A.; Vangelis, H.; Tigkas, D. (Eds.). Proceedings of the 10th World Congress on Water Resources and Environment, "Panta Rhei", Athens, Greece, 5-9 July 2017. Athens, Greece: European Water Resources Association. pp.2061-2067.
Climate change ; Flood control ; Drought ; Payment for Ecosystem Services ; Environmental services ; Participatory approaches ; Social legislation ; Aquifers ; Water storage ; Water resources ; Water management ; Groundwater management ; Surface water ; Dry season ; Socioeconomic environment ; Private sector ; Public sector ; Policy making ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Households ; Income / India / Uttar Pradesh / Ganges Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048265)
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