Your search found 3 records
1 Weldesilassie, A. B.; Boelee, Eline; Drechsel, Pay; Dabbert, S. 2010. Wastewater use in crop production in peri-urban areas of Addis Ababa: impacts on health in farm households. Environment and Development Economics, 16(1):25-49. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X1000029X]
Wastewater irrigation ; Water quality ; Health hazards ; Farmers ; Households ; Income ; Rivers ; Water pollution ; Urban agriculture ; Vegetables ; Surveys ; Econometric models / Ethiopia / Addis Ababa / Akaki River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043154)
(0.12 MB)
Using stream water polluted with untreated wastewater in agriculture is controversial due to its combination of benefits and negative health impacts. Using data from a household survey, ‘wastewater’ and ‘freshwater’ farmers were analysed comparatively to examine the perceived impacts of irrigation water quality on farmers’ health and to evaluate the extent of health damage. Probability of illness was estimated using the theory of utility-maximising behaviour of households subject to the conventional farm household production model, augmented by adding a health production function. Reduced model and instrumental variable probit specifications both show that perceived illness prevalence is significantly higher for household members working on wastewater irrigation farms than for those working with freshwater. Our data entails econometric complications (e.g., endogeneity of farmers’ behaviour, unobserved location-specific characteristics). Ignoring these will result in underestimation of the value of policy interventions designed to reduce potential health damage of wastewater use in irrigation.
2 Acharya, K.; Blackburn, A.; Mohammed, Jemila; Haile, Alemseged Tamiru; Hiruy, A. M.; Werner, D. 2020. Metagenomic water quality monitoring with a portable laboratory. Water Research, 184:116112. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116112]
Water quality ; Water analysis ; Monitoring ; Wastewater treatment plants ; Microbiological analysis ; Waterborne diseases ; Faecal coliforms ; Chemicophysical properties ; Portable equipment ; Costs ; Case studies / Ethiopia / United Kingdom / Addis Ababa / Birtley / Akaki River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049934)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135420306497/pdfft?md5=3d548784ecadc5dc3734e797551d099c&pid=1-s2.0-S0043135420306497-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049934.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049934.pdf
(1.54 MB) (1.54 MB)
We describe the technical feasibility of metagenomic water quality analysis using only portable equipment, for example mini-vacuum pumps and filtration units, mini-centrifuges, mini-PCR machines and the memory-stick sized MinION of Oxford Nanopore Technologies, for the library preparation and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Using this portable toolbox on site, we successfully characterized the microbiome of water samples collected from Birtley Sewage Treatment Plant, UK, and its environs. We also demonstrated the applicability of the portable metagenomics toolbox in a low-income country by surveying water samples from the Akaki River around Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing workflow, including DNA extraction, PCR amplification, sequencing library preparation, and sequencing was accomplished within one working day. The metagenomic data became available within 24e72 h, depending on internet speed. Metagenomic analysis clearly distinguished the microbiome of pristine samples from sewage influenced water samples. Metagenomic analysis identified the potential role of two bacterial genera not conventionally monitored, Arcobacter and Aeromonas, as predominant faecal pollution indicators/waterborne hazards. Subsequent quantitative PCR analysis validated the high Arcobacter butzleri abundances observed in the urban influenced Akaki River water samples by portable next generation sequencing with the MinION device. Overall, our field deployable metagenomics toolbox advances the capability of scientists to comprehensively monitor microbiomes anywhere in the world, including in the water, food and drinks industries, the health services, agriculture and beyond.
3 Hiruy, A. M.; Mohammed, J.; Haileselassie, M. M.; Acharya, K.; Butte, G.; Haile, Alemseged Tamiru; Walsh, C.; Werner, D. 2022. Spatiotemporal variation in urban wastewater pollution impacts on river microbiomes and associated hazards in the Akaki Catchment, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Science of the Total Environment, 826:153912. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153912]
Municipal wastewater ; Water pollution ; River water ; Biological contamination ; Bacteria ; Faecal pollution ; Faecal coliforms ; Water quality standards ; Antimicrobial resistance ; Microbiological risk assessment ; Extended spectrum beta-lactamases ; Real time PCR ; Surface water ; Catchment areas ; Irrigation ; Effluents ; Health hazards / Ethiopia / Addis Ababa / Akaki River / Akaki Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051034)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896972201004X/pdfft?md5=e4136acb70d545e2d44e8f9069c0a381&pid=1-s2.0-S004896972201004X-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051034.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051034.pdf
(2.34 MB) (2.34 MB)
In Addis Ababa and its environs, most urban wastewater is discharged into rivers without treatment. This study related urban wastewater characteristics to the prevalence of faecal, antibiotic resistant, and potentially pathogenic bacteria in rivers of the Akaki catchment across six locations, for the dry and wet season. Spatiotemporal variation in bacterial hazards across the catchment was up to 6 log10 units. Cooccurrence of sewage pollution marker gene HF183 in all river samples testing positive for the Vibrio cholerae marker gene ompW, and high levels of these two genes in untreated wastewater, identified human sewage as the likely source of Vibrio cholerae hazards in the catchment. Levels of the marker genes rodA for E. coli, HF183 for human host associated Bacteroides, ciaB for Arcobacter, and ompW for Vibrio cholerae were all higher in the dry season than in the wet season. Marker gene gyrB for Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not detected in the samples. From the sequencing data, notable bacterial genera in the dry season included wastewater pollution indicators Arcobacter and Aeromonas, whereas soil erosion may explain the greater prominence of Legionella, Vicinamibacter, and Sphingomonas during the wet season. Except for the most upstream location, all faecal coliform (FC) counts exceeded WHO standards of 1000 CFU/100 mL for unrestricted irrigation. Concerningly, 0.6–20% of FC had ESBL producing antimicrobial resistance traits. In conclusion, multiple bacterial hazards were of concern for river water users in the Akaki catchment, and elevated in the dry season, when the river water is being used for irrigation of vegetable fields that supply the markets of Addis Ababa. This reflects inadequate treatment and limited dilution of urban wastewater by the natural river flows during periods of low rainfall.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
