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1 Korten, F. F. 1982. Building national capacity to develop water users' associations: Experiences from the Philippines. Washington, DC, USA: Agricultural and Rural Development Department, World Bank. v, 65 p. (World Bank staff working paper no. 528)
(Location: IWMI-SA Call no: 631.7.3 G732 KOR Record No: H078)
Over a five year period the National Irrigation administration (NIA) of the Philippines has been building its capacity to develop water users' associations on small scale irrigation systems. The NIA approach is to develop a water users' association prior to construction of the physical system and then to involve association members fully in the planning and construction of the system. Implementing this participatory approach has required a wide variety of changes in the agency's policies, procedures, and personnel. The paper details the changes that have been made within the agency, examines the nature of the learning process which has led to these changes, and discusses the implications for donor support of other small scale irrigation programs and more generally for programs involving village level work.
2 Philippines. National Irrigation Administration. 1983. Corporate plan: 1983-1992, version 3.1/1983. Quezon City, Philippines: NIA. x, 57p.
Small scale systems ; Rehabilitation ; Food consumption ; Forecasting ; Irrigation programs ; Statistics ; Water rates / Philippines
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7 G732 PHI Record No: H080)
3 Bennagen, M. E. C. 1982. Staple food consumption in the Philippines. Washington, DC, USA: IFPRI. iii, 39p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 338.19 G732 BEN Record No: H081)
4 Te, A. 1982. The economic analysis of a reserve stock program for rice in the Philippines. Washington, DC, USA: IFPRI. iii, 33p.
Agricultural policy ; Rice ; Agricultural prices ; Irrigation ; Cost benefit analysis ; Rice ; Crop yield / Philippines
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 338.17318 G732 TEA Record No: H082)
5 Ongkingco, P. S.; Galvez, J. A.; Rosegrant, M. W. 1982. Irrigation and rice production in the Philippines: Status and projections. Washington, DC, USA: IFPRI. iv, 37p. (Rice Policies in Southeast Asia Project working paper no.3)
Irrigable land ; Rice ; Income distribution ; Water allocation ; Yield response functions ; Statistics / Philippines
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.8 G732 ONG Record No: H086)
6 IRRI. 1975. Water management in Philippine irrigation systems: Research and operations. Los Ba¤os, Laguna, Philippines: IRRI. vii, 270p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.6 G732 IRR Record No: H04)
Water Management Workshop, 11-14 December 1974, sponsored by the Department of Agricultural Engineering and the Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Philippines and by the Department of Agricultural Economics, IRRI
7 Illo, J. F. I.; Volante, J. R. 1984. Organizing farmers for communal irrigation: Operation and maintenance in the Aslong and Taison irrigation systems. Naga City, Philippines: Research and Service Center. Anteneo de Naga. xiii, 175p.
(Location: IWMI-SA Call no: 631.7.3 G732 ILL Record No: H05)
8 de los Reyes, R. P. 1980. Managing communal gravity systems: Farmers' approaches and implications for program planning. Quezon City, Philippines: Institute of Philippine Culture. Ateno de Manila University. xvi, 125p.
Surface irrigation ; Water distribution ; Water rights ; Water supply ; Canals ; Farmer managed irrigation systems / Philippines
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.6.2 G732 DEL Record No: H025)
9 Veneracion, C. C.; de los Reyes, R. P. 1983. Irrigator's Associations with nonirrigation activities: Eight casestudies. Manila: Development Academy of the Philippines. [6], 393 p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.3 G732 VEN Record No: H026)
10 Veneracion, C. C. 1983. Patubig communal irrigation system: A case study in system management. Manila: Development Academy of the Philippines. [8], 86 p.
Irrigation management ; Organizations ; Water allocation ; Farmer managed irrigation systems / Philippines
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.3 G732 VEN Record No: H027)
11 Illo, J. F. I.; de los Reyes, R. P.; Felix, N. S. 1984. Organizing farmers for communal irrigation: Preconstruction and construction in the Aslong irrigation project. Quezon City: Institute of Philippine Culture. Ateneo de Manila University. xi, 128 p.
Irrigation management ; Rehabilitation ; Water rights ; Organizations ; Farmer managed irrigation systems / Philippines
(Location: IWMI-SA Call no: 631.7.3 G732 ILL Record No: H029)
12 de Los Reyes, R. P. 1984. Sociotechnical profile: A tool for rapid rural appraisal. Quezon City, Philippines: Institute of Philippine Culture. 60 p.
Water rights ; Rapid methods ; Water requirements ; Profiles ; Project appraisal ; Irrigation programs / Philippines
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.8 G732 DEL Record No: H055)
The literature on rapid rural appraisal has so far focused primarily on methods appropriate for donor agencies and agricultural research institutions. In contrast, this paper discusses a rapid appraisal methodology that was developed for the use of an implementing agency. Called the sociotechnical profiling approach, this methodology became a tool of the National Irrigation Administration (NIA) in the Philippines for deciding which small-scale irrigation projects it would assist in a given year and for planning the agency's initial technical and social interventions. The paper describes the instruments that guided the preparation, write up, and analysis of the socio-technical profile; traces the history of how the instruments were developed and how the NIA staff earned to use them; and discusses the impact of the profiling approach on the implementation process of NIA's small-scale irrigation program.
13 Angeles, H. L.; Gavino, R. B.; Cubos, A. T. n.d. Community managed irrigation systems. Munoz, Neuva Ecija, Philippines: Central Luzon State University. ix, 139p.
Farmers' associations ; Farmer managed irrigation systems ; Irrigation management ; Water use efficiency ; Organizations ; Water allocation / Philippines
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.3 G732 ANG Record No: H028)
14 Philippines Research Council for Agriculture and Resources Research and Development. 1983. The Philippines recommends for irrigation water management. Vol.1: Lowland rice conditions. Los Ba¤os, Laguna, Philippines: Philippines Research Council for Agriculture and Resources Research and Development. xi, 120 p.
Rice ; Land classification ; Water management ; Drainage ; Cropping systems ; Evapotranspiration ; Irrigation efficiency / Philippines
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.2 G732 PHI Record No: H054)
15 Svendsen, M. T. 1983. Water management strategies and practices at the tertiary level: Three Philippine irrigation systems. xii, 294 p.
Pumps ; Land management ; Water allocation ; Irrigation systems ; Governmental interrelations ; Water supply ; Rice ; Water stress ; Equity ; Irrigation design / Philippines
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.6.2 G732 SVE Record No: H0116)
16 World Bank. 1986. Philippines appraisal for the Magat River Multipurpose Project: Stage 1. Rev. ed. 111p.
Irrigable land ; Rice ; Irrigation efficiency ; Land tenure ; Irrigated farming ; Rehabilitation ; Project appraisal / Philippines
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.8 G732 INT Record No: H0117)
17 de Datta, S. K.; Krupp, H. K.; Alverez, E. I.; Modgal, S. C. 1973. Water management practices in flooded tropical rice. In International Rice Research Institute, Water management in Philippine irrigation systems: Research and operations (pp. 1-18). Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute.
Water management ; Cropping systems ; Water use efficiency ; Clay ; Rice ; Weed control ; Pest control ; Furrow irrigation ; Puddling / Philippines
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.6 G732 INT Record No: H06)
Experiments conducted for several cropping seasons on the montmorillonitic Maahas clay soil at the IRRI farm demonstrate that continual flooding is not essential for high grain yield but flooded rice can tolerate at least 15cmif the improved varieties are grown. Tall varieties like H-4 has less adaptability under wide range of water management conditions than semidwarfs like IR8. With adequate water supply, 5 to 7 cm of water is desirable on most soils for best weed and insect control with granular chemicals, forhigh nutrient availability, and for minimum losses of nutrients from fertilizer and soil. If rainfall does not provide supplemental water, irrigation intervalslonger than 8 days reduce grain yield under a rotational irrigation system. Varieties like IR5 that have a long growth duration were least sensitive to moisture stress imposed by long irrigation intervals. This is because IR5 will generally recover from high moisture stress for a short period or low moisture stress for a long period. An experiment with IR20 indicates that the furrow irrigation of nonpuddled soil does not provide more efficient water use in rice compared with rice grown on puddled lowland soil.
18 de Datta, S. K.; Abilay, W. P.; Kalwar, G. N. 1975. Water stress effects in flooded tropical rice. In International Rice Research Institute, Water management in Philippine irrigation systems: Research and operations (pp. 19-36). Los Banos,Laguna, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.6 G732 INT Record No: H07)
Moisture stress often limits economical and stable yields of rainfed rice. On the montmorillonitic Maahas clay soil, grain yields of IR8 were less sensitive to growth stage at which moisture stress occurred and more sensitive to intensity and duration of moisture stress, while the tall variety, H-4,was sensitive to moisture stress during the reproductive and ripening stages as well as to intensity and duration of moisture stress. Our data indicate that moisture stress effects should be related to variety rather than to varietal type growth characteristics of rice varieties. The growth duration of rice varieties were increased with increased stress level and the relationships between moisture stress and stage of the crop may depend on growth duration of the variety among other factors. Current results indicate that soil moisture tension as low as 15 cb was enough to reduce grain yield of rainfed flooded (lowland) rice. Part of the reduction in grain yield due to the loss of nitrogen under alternately dry and wet conditions which prevailed in the plots subjected to various stress levels. The improved varieties, IR20, IR22, and IR24, consistently out yielded the traditional varieties Peta, Sigadis, and Intan, at all stress levels up to 33 cb. At most stress levels, however, the grain yields were higher with higher nitrogen levels, and more so with improved varieties than with traditional varieties.
19 Reyes, R. D. 1975. An analysis of some factors affecting rice yield response to water. In International Rice Research Institute. Water management in Philippine irrigation systems: research and operations. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). pp.37-52.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.6 G732 INT Record No: H08)
Yield response data from 3 dry season experiments were put together in an attempt to explain the field performance of some improved varieties. The analysis for IR5 and several other varieties shows the potential for developing varieties that could effectively respond to high nitrogen levels even under conditions of poor water supply. The analysis brings out short growth duration, vegetativeness, and high fertilizer efficiency as three criteria for varietal selection against drought. For inadequately irrigated areas, relatively higher yields are associated with climatic factors that contribute to low evaporative demand conditions.
20 Lazaro, R. C. 1975. Land classification as a tool in water management. In International Rice Research Institute. Water management in Philippine irrigation systems: research and operations. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). pp.53-76.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.6 G732 INT Record No: H09)
This paper presents and discusses the relevant principles, corollaries and rules of logic in land classification for irrigation suitability determinations. Also included are the generalized methodology and operating procedures. Most of the information used is from the material that has been developed and established by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, modified to fit the Philippine setting. To maintain continuity, the land classification work already undertaken is also included and documented. The functions and uses of the land classification information in conjunction with irrigation water management are explored and stressed. It is recommended that land classification, as well as the institution of improved water management, be undertaken not only for proposed irrigation, drainage and flood control projects prior to authorization, but also in existing irrigation systems prior to rehabilitation or improvement.
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