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1 Chinnasamy, Pennan; Bharati, Luna; Bhattarai, Utsav; Khadka, Ambika; Dahal, Vaskar; Wahid, S.. 2015. Impact of planned water resource development on current and future water demand of the Koshi river basin, Nepal. Water International, 40(7):1004-1020. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2015.1099192]
Water resources development ; Water demand ; Water power ; Electricity generation ; Water storage ; Water supply ; Irrigation water ; Domestic water ; Industrialization ; River basins ; Models / Nepal / India / Bihar / Koshi River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047251)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02508060.2015.1099192
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047251.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047251.pdf
(0.78 MB) (796 KB)
Water resources of the Koshi Basin (87,311km2) are largely untapped, and while proposals for their development exist, their impacts on current and future water demands are not quantified. The current study is the first to evaluate the impacts of 11 proposed development projects on hydropower generation and water storage. Results revealed that 29733GWh hydropower can be generated and 8382Million m3 (MCM) of water can be stored annually. This can satisfy unmet demands in current (660MCM) basin situation and future scenarios - i.e. population, agricultural and industrial growth – that are projected to have 920, 970 and 1003MCM unmet-demands, respectively by 2050.
2 Najmuddin, O.; Rasul, G.; Hussain, A.; Molden, D.; Wahid, S.; Debnath, B. 2018. Low water productivity for rice in Bihar, India - a critical Analysis. Water, 10(8):1-17. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w10081082]
Water productivity ; Agricultural production ; Rice ; Water use ; Irrigation water ; Crop yield ; Groundwater ; Temperature ; Rain ; Socioeconomic environment ; Econometric models ; River basins / India / Bihar / Koshi River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048888)
(1.51 MB) (1.51 MB)
Rice is the most important crop for food security and livelihoods of the rural population in Bihar, India. In spite of good soil and water resources, rice water productivity (WP) is very low in Bihar. Trends in WP and key factors influencing WP over 20 years (1991–2010) in 11 Bihar districts were analysed using panel data to help elucidate reasons for low WP values. The annual average rice yield of 938 kg/ha, WP of 0.22 kg/m3 , and marginal physical productivity (MPP) of 249 g/m3 are very low in Bihar compared to both the national average for India and other rice growing areas in the world. Rice WP and MPP were higher for the garma (dry) season than for the kharif (monsoon) season. Temporal analysis showed that WP was slowly declining in most districts, while spatial analysis showed a significant variation in WP across the districts. Regression analysis showed that the availability of irrigation facilities, occurrence of flood and drought, and cropping intensity had significant influence on rice WP. Causes for temporal and spatial changes in WP are highlighted and actions to improve rice WP in Bihar are suggested.
3 Karim, F.; Penton, D. J.; Aryal, S. K.; Wahid, S.; Chen, Y.; Taylor, P.; Cuddy, S. M. 2024. Large scale water yield assessment for sparsely monitored river basins: a case study for Afghanistan. PLOS Water, 3(4):e0000165. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000165]
Water yield ; Assessment ; Monitoring ; River basins ; Precipitation ; Runoff ; Models ; Stream flow ; Water resources ; Water availability ; Drainage systems ; Evapotranspiration ; Glaciers ; Case studies / Afghanistan / Panj-Amu River Basin / Kabul River Basin / Harirod-Murghab River Basin / Helmand River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052767)
https://journals.plos.org/water/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pwat.0000165&type=printable
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052767.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052767.pdf
(4.25 MB) (4.25 MB)
This paper presents results from a study on water yield assessment across five major river basins of Afghanistan. The study was conducted using GR4J and GR4JSG precipitation-runoff models. The river basins were divided into 207 subcatchments and each subcatchment was divided into multiple functional units. The model was calibrated using observed streamflow data from 2008 to 2015 and validated over the 2016 to 2020 period. Model parameters were calibrated for an unregulated subcatchment in each basin and calibrated parameters from the best-performing subcatchment were transferred to other subcatchments. Results show that modelled water yield across the five basins varies from 0.3 mm in the Helmand basin to 248 mm in the Panj-Amu basin, with an average of 72.1 mm for the entire country. In the period of 2008 to 2020, area averaged water yield in the five basins varies from 36 to 174 mm. For the same period, mean annual precipitation for the entire country is 234.0 mm, indicating a water yield of 30.8%. The nation-wide average water yield of 72.1 mm is equivalent to 46.3 billion cubic meters (BCM) of surface water for the country. In addition, about 28.9 BCM generates annually in the neighbouring Tajikistan and Pakistan from snow and glaciers of the Hindu-Kush mountains. The elevated northern parts of Afghanistan, including parts of neighbouring Tajikistan are the primary water source. Water yield across the country varies between years but there is no consistent increasing or decreasing trends. About 60 to 70% of flow occurs between March to June. The study identified the high water yield areas and investigated variability at monthly, seasonal, and annual time scales. An importance finding is the large spatial and temporal variability of water yield across the basins. This information is crucial for long-term water resources planning and management for agricultural development.
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