Your search found 47 records
1 Courcier, R.; Venot, Jean-Philippe; Molle, François. 2005. Historical transformations of the Lower Jordan River Basin in Jordan: changes in water use and projections (1950-2025) Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). vi, 85p. (Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Research Report 009) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.384]
River basins ; Water resources development ; Water use ; Water use efficiency ; Hydrology ; Water policy ; Water balance ; Land use ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Aquifers ; Recharge ; History / Jordan / Lower Jordan River Basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G698 COU Record No: H038306)
(4.47 MB)
2 Venot, Jean-Philippe. 2007. Integrating spatial dynamics for sustainable water management at the river basin scale: the example of the Krishna River Basin in South India. Paper presented at the International Workshop on Water: Spatial Dynamics, Competitive Claims and Governance. How to reduce stress on the resource in urban, peri-urban and rural areas? IFP, Pondicherry University, MIDS; Pondicherry University 29-31st August 2007. 9p.
River basin management ; River basin development ; Water allocation ; Environmental effects / India / Krishna River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 577.64 G635 VEN Record No: H040581)
The Krishna Basin in South India has seen an increasing agricultural and water development since India gained independence. This has resulted in over-commitment of water: more water is used than is environmentally desirable or than is renewably available, leading to basin closure (zero or minimal flow to the ocean). As basin closure intensifies the interconnectedness of ecosystems and water users, adjustments and management decisions become tantamount to a spatial re-appropriation of water. Acknowledging and integrating these spatial dynamics of water availability and use is needed to avoid social and environmental impacts. This can only be achieved through a multilevel governance structure centered on basin-wide strategies of water management. Basin water management would then start with the definition and the implementation of water allocation mechanisms that are increasingly needed to ensure a balance between equity, sustainability and efficient uses of scarce water resources for both human benefit and environment preservation.
3 Venot, Jean-Philippe; Sharma, Bharat R.; Rao, K. V. G. K. 2007. Environmental flows for sustainable rural development in the Krishna Delta, South India. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Management of Coastal Ecosystem: Technological Advancement and Livelihood Security. Science City, Kolkata, India, 27-30 October, 2007. 4p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 577.64 G635 VEN Record No: H040582)
4 Venot, Jean-Philippe; Turral, Hugh; Samad, Madar. 2007. The Lower Krishna Basin: basin closure and shifting waterscape in South India. Paper presented at the Sixth Annual IWMI-TATA Partners’ Meet. Institute of Rural Management, Anand (IRMA), 8-10 March 2007. 32p.
Water resources development ; River basin development ; Water allocation ; Canals ; Water use ; Water transfer ; Irrigated farming / India / Lower Krishna Basin / Andhra Pradesh / Nagarjuna Sagar Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G635 VEN Record No: H040583)
Since the 1850s, the Krishna basin has seen an increasing mobilization of its water resources and a dramatic development of irrigation, with little regard to the limits of available water resources. This progressively led to the closure of the basin: surface water resources are now almost entirely committed to human consumptive uses; the increasing groundwater abstraction negatively affects the surface water balance by decreasing base flows, and the discharge to the ocean continues to decrease. The lower Krishna basin, located in Andhra Pradesh, is a deficit sub-basin; it depends highly on inflow from the upper basin and on upstream water uses. It is the first part of the Krishna basin to face the adverse consequences of any hydrological changes. It is also the region of the basin where most of the available water is depleted by human consumptive uses. In times of drought, it is the first region to face severe water shortages and to witness a spatial re-distribution or re-appropriation of water. Taking place on the basis of current political, institutional and geographical forces, this re-appropriation of water raises socio-political questions of sectoral and regional water apportionment within the lower Krishna basin and may be at the origin of conflicts between water users. This paper identifies two main drivers to the lower Krishna basin closure: (i) a long-term trend towards decreasing water availability with a declining surface water inflow due to water development in the upper basin and (ii) a local water over-commitment due to uncontrolled development of private groundwater abstraction and short term management decisions, both at the farmer and command area levels, in the large irrigation projects of the lower Krishna basin. In 1996/2000, 80% of the lower Krishna basin net inflow was depleted and discharge to the ocean amounted to 17.9 km3/yr, defining a moderately modified ecosystem. During the drought of 2001/2004, likely to forecast the future waterscape of the lower Krishna basin, all indicators point to further water resource commitment with a depleted fraction amounting to 98% of the net inflow, a lack of discharge to the ocean and the shrinkage of surface irrigated agriculture. This paper illustrates that local users and managers participate to a large extent in the shifting waterscape of the lower Krishna basin. At the basin scale, this paper shows that both the intra-agriculture and the inter- sectoral distribution of water are being reshaped. In the agricultural sector, the strong political divide among the three regions of Andhra Pradesh and the need to balance rural development among those regions are two of the main driving forces of a shifting agricultural water use. If surface water distribution among large irrigation projects tends to be to the advantage of the politically influent coastal region; the uncontrolled groundwater development mainly benefits the dry upland regions of Telangana and Rayalaseema and is tantamount to a spatial and social redistribution of water impinging surface water use in the lower reaches of the basin. The inter-sectoral distribution of water is also being modified. First, increasing power needs have led to the completion of hydro-power projects which do not yet impact other uses. Second, domestic and industrial needs of urban areas are increasing and are preferentially met. Currently, this is not affecting existing water uses as volumes considered remain marginal but in case of drought it could further deprive agricultural uses in the large irrigation projects located downstream. Third, environmental degradation has led to increasing awareness to recognize the environment as a water user in its own right. This has yet to be translated in formal allocation mechanisms and will point to further water commitment letting very little room for further water resources development. At the local level, this study highlighted a large range of adaptive strategies developed by both farmers and managers in the large irrigation projects of the lower Krishna basin. Strategies include: differential canal supply management, reduction of the cropping season, crops shift, development of groundwater use, etc. Strategies vary both temporally and spatially and reflect the particular political economy of the region studied To overcome the degradation of the resource base and the management difficulties linked to resource over- commitment, this paper underlines that the state has to play a central role in articulating a specific course among different available options through the definition and the implementation of formal effective and adaptive water allocation mechanisms, both in time and space, to allow transparent and sustainable use of available water resources. At present, calls for demand management by the State and international donors are strong but the consideration and implementation of mega inter-basin transfers perpetuates an unsustainable rush towards further resource mobilization and should not be taken as a justification for disregarding other management options that will allow regulating water use notably in the agricultural sector. Finally policies limited to the water sector are unlikely to ease the pressure on the water resources and there is a clear need for strategies and policies that would ensure the rural population to make a successful transition beyond agriculture.
5 Venot, Jean-Philippe; Molle, Francois; Hassan, Y. 2007. Wells and canals in Jordan: can pricing policies regulate irrigation water use? In Molle, Francois; Berkoff, J. (Eds.). Irrigation water pricing: the gap between theory and practice. Wallingford, UK: CABI. pp.233-261. (Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Series 4)
Wells ; Canals ; Water use ; Irrigation water ; Price policy ; Cost recovery ; Farming systems ; Groundwater management ; Water policy ; Water law ; Water allocation ; Vegetables ; Fruits ; Water conservation / Jordan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.4 G698 VEN Record No: H040584)
6 Venot, Jean-Philippe. 2007. How irrigation development reconfigures river basins: latent intra-sectoral conflicts in the Lower Krishna Basin. Paper presented at the South Asia Water Research Conference “Water Access and Conflicts: Implications for Governance in South Asia” Chennai, India, 21-22 March, 2007. 25p.
River basins ; Water resources development ; Runoff ; Drought ; Irrigation programs ; Irrigation canals ; Groundwater ; Water users ; Conflict / India / Lower Krishna Basin / Nagarjuna Sagar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G635 VEB Record No: H040586)
7 Venot, Jean-Philippe; Molle, Francois; Hassan, Yousef. 2007. Irrigated agriculture, water pricing and water savings in the Lower Jordan River Basin (in Jordan) Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 55p. (Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Research Report 018) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.375]
Farming systems ; Irrigated farming ; Water conservation ; Groundwater ; Water policy ; Water rates ; Water costs ; Pricing ; Cost recovery ; Economic impact / Jordan / Lower Jordan River Basin / Jordan Valley / Amman-Zarqa Basin / Yarmouk Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.4 G698 VEN Record No: H040629)
(456.5 KB)
8 Venot, Jean-Philippe; Molle, Francois. 2008. Groundwater depletion in the Jordan highlands: can pricing policies regulate irrigation water use? Water Resources Management, 22(12):1925-1941.
Water conservation ; Water demand ; Farming systems ; Water policy ; Legislation ; Irrigated farming ; Price policy ; Groundwater depletion ; Wells ; Farmers attitudes / Jordan / Jordan River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.4 G698 VEN Record No: H040881)
Jordan is one of the countries with the scarcest water resources in the world. The aquifers of the Lower Jordan River Basin, a region of prime importance for the country, are exploited well beyond their sustainable rate. In 1997, Jordan’s officials designed a new water strategy, with emphasis on demand-management instruments. Water pricing policies, and notably the bylaw no. 85 of 2002, were deemed to assist in controlling agricultural groundwater abstraction with the ambitious task of taking the abstraction rate close to the annual recharge. While much hope has been placed in such strategies, this paper argues that substantial increases in volumetric charges would not result in major water savings but would further decrease the income from low-value or extensive crops. A shift towards highvalue crops would raise water productivity but would also entail a transfer of wealth to the government and to wealthier entrepreneurs. It is therefore essential that negative incentives be accompanied by positive measures offering attractive alternatives (market opportunities, subsidies for modernization, technical advice, etc.) and exit options with compensation. Prices are unlikely to enable regulation of groundwater abstraction and significant reduction will only be achieved through policies that reduce the number of wells in use, such as buying out of wells.
9 Venot, Jean-Philippe; Turral, Hugh; Samad, Madar; Molle, Francois. 2007. Shifting waterscapes: explaining basin closure in the Lower Krishna Basin, South India. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 50p. (IWMI Research Report 121) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.121]
River basins ; Ecosystems ; Protective irrigation ; Irrigation programs ; Water transfer ; Water distribution ; Water allocation ; Groundwater depletion ; Aquifers ; Water scarcity ; Water use ; Drought / India / Lower Krishna Basin / Godavari Basin / Nagarjuna Sagar Project / Kolleru Lake
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9162 G635VEN Record No: H040963)
(789 KB)
Progressive agricultural and water development in the Krishna Basin in South India has led to a rising over commitment of water resources and signs of basin closure are apparent during dry periods. As human consumptive uses are approaching the limits of water availability, this report focuses on the Lower Krishna Basin that bears the brunt of any intervention upstream. Capturing the process of basin closure requires an understanding of the political dimension of access to water and the scope for change. As basin closure intensifies the interconnectedness of ecosystems and water users, adjustments and management decisions result in spatial re-appropriation of water and basin-wide strategies for water management and development that start with the definition and the implementation of water allocation mechanisms are increasingly needed.
10 Venot, Jean-Philippe; Molle, Francois; Courcier, R. 2008. Dealing with closed basins: the case of the lower Jordan River Basin. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 24(2): 247–263.
River basin development ; Water scarcity ; Water allocation ; Water accounting ; Indicators ; Water resource management ; Water conservation ; Water supply / Jordan / Syria / Lebanon / Israel / Palestine / Jordan River Basin / Yarmouk River / Zarqa River / Dead Sea
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9162 GG30 VEN Record No: H041082)
During the past 50 years, the Lower Jordan River basin experienced a rapid and comprehensive process of development of its rare water resources. This led to its progressive closure; almost no water is left that can be mobilized and used while demand, notably in urban areas, keeps increasing. Despite the need to consider demand management options to alleviate the Jordanian water crisis, the potential of these options appears limited in the mid- term; the growing demand of the population and the sustaining of agriculture are unlikely to be met without supply augmentation measures which will reopen the basin.
11 Venot, Jean-Philippe; Sharma, Bharat R.; Rao, K. V. G. K. 2008. The lower Krishna Basin trajectory: relationships between basin development and downstream environmental degradation. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 30p. (IWMI Research Report 125) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.125]
River basin development ; Lakes ; Environmental degradation ; Ecosystems ; Mangroves ; Water allocation ; Groundwater ; Water quality ; Salinity ; Irrigated farming ; Institutions ; Irrigation canals ; Rural development / India / Lower Krishna Basin / Kolleru Lake
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9162 G635 VEN Record No: H041463)
(809 KB)
Basin water development and rural dynamics in the Krishna Basin have led to a degradation of downstream ecosystems manifesting itself by salinizing soil and groundwater, increasing pollution, disappearing mangroves and desiccating wetlands. Reversing this evolution requires the formal recognition of the environment as a water user in its own right and the implementation of an environmental water provision. This provision should be based on a two-tier allocation system with assured discharges in the irrigation canals of the delta and to the ocean. This will lead to further commitment of water resources but this is needed to reconcile the social, economic and environmental objectives of a sustainable development. Other measures facilitating integrated natural resources management from the local to the basin level are needed too.
12 Molle, Francois; Venot, Jean-Philippe; Hassan, Y. 2008. Irrigation in the Jordan Valley: are water pricing policies overly optimistic? Agricultural Water Management, 95(4):427-438.
Water costs ; Economic impact ; Water rates ; Price policy ; Cost recovery ; User charges ; Farmers ; Irrigation management ; Water allocation ; Water scarcity / Jordan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.4 G698 MOL Record No: H041487)
13 Venot, Jean-Philippe. 2008. Why and where are the Krishna waters disappearing? Economic and Political Weekly, 43(6):15-17.
Water scarcity ; River basins ; Discharges ; Water balance ; Ecosystems ; Water use ; Sustainability / India / Krishna River Basin / Andhra Pradesh / Karnataka / Maharashtra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9162 G635 VEN Record No: H041488)
The depletion of the waters of the Krishna river is changing the ecosystem of its basin. How can equity, sustainability and efficient use of the scarce water resources be ensured?
14 Biggs, Trent W.; Scott, Christopher A.; Gaur, Anju; Venot, Jean-Philippe; Chase, T.; Lee, E. 2008. Impacts of irrigation and anthropogenic aerosols on the water balance, heat fluxes, and surface temperature in a river basin. Water Resources Research, 44(W12415):18p.
Aerosols ; Irrigation effects ; Water balance ; River basins ; Energy balance ; Air temperature ; Irrigation requirements ; Models / India / Krishna River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041814)
15 Venot, Jean-Philippe; Biggs, T.; Molle, F.; Turral, H. 2008. Reconfiguration and closure of river basins in South India: trajectory of the lower Krishna basin. Water International, 33(4):436-450.
Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041815)
16 Venot, Jean-Philippe. 2008. Shifting access and rights to irrigation water in a context of growing scarcity: the case of the Krishna River Basin, South India. Paper presented at the International Conference on Spatial Justice, University of Paris, X-Nanterre, France, 12-14 March 2008. 18p.
Water rights ; Surface irrigation ; River basin development ; Sustainable development ; Water resources management ; Water allocation ; Equity ; Water law ; Legislation / India / Krishna Ricer Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041818)
17 Venot, Jean-Philippe. 2008. Drawing water for thirsty lands: stories of the closing Krishna River Basin in South India. Paper presented at the 13th World Water Congress, Sub Theme 1, Water Availability, Use and Management, Montpellier, France, 1-4 September 2008. 15p.
River basin development ; Soil moisture ; Water balance ; Water use ; Rain ; Supplemental irrigation / India / Krishna River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041819)
http://www.worldwatercongress2008.org/resource/authors/abs491_article.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041819.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041819.pdf
18 Venot, Jean-Philippe. 2008. Water scarcity and farmers’ adjustments in South India: the Nagarjuna Sagar irrigation project. Paper presented at the 8th IFSA Symposium on Empowerment of Rural Actors: a renewal of farming systems perspectives, Clermont-Ferrand, France, 6-10 July 2008. 2p.
Water availability ; Water scarcity ; Water allocation ; Irrigation programs ; River basins ; Crop management ; Paddy fields ; Rice / India / Lower Krishna River Basin / Andhra Pradesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041823)
19 Venot, Jean-Philippe; Sharma, Bharat R.; Rao, K. V. G. K. 2008. Environmental factors related to water resource management for sustainable rural development in the Krishna Delta, South India. Journal of the Indian Society of Coastal Agricultural Research, 26(1):55-57.
Water resources Development ; Environmental degradation ; Water policy ; Water accounting ; Decision making / India / Krishna Delta
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041951)
(1.60 MB)
20 Sharma, Bharat R.; Massuel, S.; Rao, K. V. G. K.; Venot, Jean-Philippe. 2009. Groundwater externalities of large, surface irrigation transfers: insights from the Godavari–Krishna river link, India. In Bloschl, G.; van de Giesen, N.; Muralidharan, D.; Ren, L.; Seyler, F.; Sharma, U.; Vrba, J. (Eds.). Improving integrated surface and groundwater resources management in a vulnerable and changing world: proceedings of Symposium JS.3 at the Joint Convention of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) and the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH), Hyderabad, India, 6-12 September 2009. Wallingford, UK: International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS). 8p. (IAHS Publication 330)
River basin management ; Groundwater recharge ; Simulation models ; Irrigation canals ; Water balance ; Waterlogging ; Water transfer ; Groundwater irrigation ; Crop production / India / Krishna River Basin / Godavari River Basin / Indira Sagar Right Main Canal / Eluru Canal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042291)
(0.54 MB)
The Krishna basin in South India is a fast closing basin. Consumptive water use, mainly for agriculture, accounted for 90.5% of the basin net inflow. The adjoining Godavari basin is comparatively water rich and it is planned to transfer 5325 million m3 of Godavari waters to Krishna through P-V Link. Such a transfer shall make the groundwater-irrigated area more sustainable, a part of the remaining rainfed area will come under irrigation and current benefits shall increase by 65%. MODFLOW results showed groundwater recharge increased by 28% due to supplement irrigation return flow. Annual estimated seepage from the main system was estimated at 183 million m3 per year leading to an average water table rise of 1.83 m. This is also likely to affect 16% of the command with water logging. Integrated planning of surface and groundwater resources and a scientific demand management through optimization of cropping systems have the potential to effectively harness the benefits of the river linking initiative.
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