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1 Dahal, N.; Shrestha, U. B.; Tuitui, A.; Ojha, H. R. 2019. Temporal changes in precipitation and temperature and their implications on the streamflow of Rosi River, Central Nepal. Climate, 7(1):1-15. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/cli7010003]
Rivers ; Precipitation ; Extreme weather events ; Rain ; Temperature ; Climate change ; Temporal variation ; Watersheds ; Stream flow ; Discharges ; Meteorological stations ; Hydrological factors / Nepal / Himalayan Region / Rosi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049157)
(5.28 MB) (5.28 MB)
Nepal has experienced recent changes in two crucial climatic variables: temperature and precipitation. Therefore, climate-induced water security concerns have now become more pronounced in Nepal as changes in temperature and precipitation have already altered some hydrological processes such as the river runoff in some river systems. However, the linkage between precipitation patterns and streamflow characteristics are poorly understood, especially in small rivers. We analysed the temporal trends of temperature, precipitation, and extreme indices of wet and dry spells in the Rosi watershed in Central Nepal, and observed the temporal patterns of the streamflow of the Rosi river. We also examined the linkages between the average and extreme climate indices and streamflow. We found that the area has warmed up by an average of 0.03 C/year, and has seen a significant decline in precipitation. The dry spell as represented by the maximum length of the dry spell (CDD) and the magnitude of dryness (AII) has become more pronounced, while the wet spell as represented by the number of heavy rainfall days (R5D) and the precipitation intensity on wet days (SDII) has diminished significantly. Our analysis shows that recent changes in precipitation patterns have affected the streamflow of the Rosi river, as manifested in the observed decline in annual and seasonal streamflows. The decrease in the availability of water in the river is likely to have severe consequences for water security in the area.
2 Reyes-García, V.; García-del-Amo, D.; Álvarez-Fernández, S.; Benyei, P.; Calvet-Mir, L.; Junqueira, A. B.; Labeyrie, V.; LI, X.; Miñarro, S.; Porcher, V.; Porcuna-Ferrer, A.; Schlingmann, A.; Schunko, C.; Soleymani, R.; Tofighi-Niaki, A.; Abazeri, M.; Attoh, Emmanuel M. N. A. N.; Ayanlade, A.; Ávila, J. V. D. C.; Babai, D.; Bulamah, R. C.; Campos-Silva, J.; Carmona, R.; Caviedes, J.; Chakauya, R.; Chambon, M.; Chen, Z.; Chengula, F.; Conde, E.; Cuní-Sanchez, A.; Demichelis, C.; Dudina, E.; Fernández-Llamazares, Á.; Galappaththi, E. K.; Geffner-Fuenmayor, C.; Gerkey, D.; Glauser, M.; Hirsch, E.; Huanca, T.; Ibarra, J. T.; Izquierdo, A. E.; Junsberg, L.; Lanker, M.; López-Maldonado, Y.; Mariel, J.; Mattalia, G.; Miara, M. D.; Torrents-Ticó, M.; Salimi, M.; Samakov, A.; Seidler, R.; Sharakhmatova, V.; Shrestha, U. B.; Sharma, A.; Singh, P.; Ulambayar, T.; Wu, R.; Zakari, I. S. 2024. Indigenous peoples and local communities report ongoing and widespread climate change impacts on local social-ecological systems. Communications Earth and Environment, 5:29. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-01164-y]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052568)
(1.83 MB) (1.83 MB)
The effects of climate change depend on specific local circumstances, posing a challenge for worldwide research to comprehensively encompass the diverse impacts on various local social-ecological systems. Here we use a place-specific but cross-culturally comparable protocol to document climate change indicators and impacts as locally experienced and analyze their distribution. We collected first-hand data in 48 sites inhabited by Indigenous Peoples and local communities and covering all climate zones and nature-dependent livelihoods. We documented 1,661 site-agreed reports of change corresponding to 369 indicators. Reports of change vary according to climate zone and livelihood activity. We provide compelling evidence that climate change impacts on Indigenous Peoples and local communities are ongoing, tangible, widespread, and affect multiple elements of their social-ecological systems. Beyond potentially informing contextualized adaptation plans, our results show that local reports could help identify economic and non-economic loss and damage related to climate change impacts suffered by Indigenous Peoples and local communities.
3 Galbraith, E. D.; Barrington-Leigh, C.; Miñarro, S.; Álvarez-Fernández, S.; Attoh, Emmanuel M. N. A. N.; Benyei, P.; Calvet-Mir, L.; Carmona, R.; Chakauya, R.; Chen, Z.; Chengula, F.; Fernández-Llamazares, Á.; García-del-Amo, D.; Glauser, M.; Huanca, T.; Izquierdo, A. E.; Junqueira, A. B.; Lanker, M.; Li, X.; Mariel, J.; Miara, M. D.; Porcher, V.; Porcuna-Ferrer, A.; Schlingmann, A.; Seidler, R.; Shrestha, U. B.; Singh, P.; Torrents-Ticó, M.; Ulambayar, T.; Wu, R.; Reyes-García, V. 2024. High life satisfaction reported among small-scale societies with low incomes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 121(7):e2311703121. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2311703121]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052690)
(0.74 MB) (757 KB)
Global polls have shown that people in high-income countries generally report being more satisfied with their lives than people in low-income countries. The persistence of this correlation, and its similarity to correlations between income and life satisfaction within countries, could lead to the impression that high levels of life satisfaction can only be achieved in wealthy societies. However, global polls have typically overlooked small-scale, nonindustrialized societies, which can provide an alternative test of the consistency of this relationship. Here, we present results from a survey of 2,966 members of Indigenous Peoples and local communities among 19 globally distributed sites. We find that high average levels of life satisfaction, comparable to those of wealthy countries, are reported for numerous populations that have very low monetary incomes. Our results are consistent with the notion that human societies can support very satisfying lives for their members without necessarily requiring high degrees of monetary wealth.
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