Your search found 6 records
1 Jain, S. K.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Zahid, A.; Jin, M.; Shreshtha, J. L.; Kumar, V.; Rai, S. P.; Hu, J.; Luo, Y.; Sharma, D.. 2009. A comparative analysis of the hydrology of the Indus-Gangetic and Yellow River basins. In Mukherji, Aditi; Villholth, K. G.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Wang, J. (Eds.) Groundwater governance in the Indo-Gangetic and Yellow River basins: realities and challenges. London, UK: CRC Press. pp.43-64. (IAH Selected Papers on Hydrogeology 15)
Hydrogeology ; River basins ; Groundwater irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Aquifers ; Water use / China / India / Pakistan / Bangladesh / Nepal / Indus Basin / Ganges Basin / Yellow River Basin / Ordos Basin / Huang-Huai-Hai plain
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.6.3 G570 MUK Record No: H042222)
(0.51 MB)
2 Krishnan,S.; Indu, R.; Shah, Tushaar; Hittalamani, C.; Patwari, B.; Sharma, D.; Chauhan, L.; Kher, V.; Raj, H.; Mahida, U.; Shankar, M.; Sharma, K. 2009. Is it possible to revive dug wells in hard-rock India through recharge?: discussion from studies in ten districts of the country. In International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Strategic Analyses of the National River Linking Project (NRLP) of India Series 5. Proceedings of the Second National Workshop on Strategic Issues in Indian Irrigation, New Delhi, India, 8-9 April 2009. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.197-213.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042694)
(0.18 MB)
Groundwater exploitation in hard-rock India is leading to high distress amongst farmers. Various water conservation schemes have been tried and piloted, but no idea has scaled up to the national level. An idea of revitalizing groundwater use, individual as it is, and if still individual-based, could possibly succeed. Recharging through dug wells is one such thought. After mass movements in Saurashtra in the mid-1990s, no effort has been made to promote the idea nationally, till now. The current national program on artificial recharge of dug wells hopes to do so. But this idea can succeed only if farmers see any value in it and try to make it successful. A survey of 767 farmers owning dug wells in 10 districts of India shows that there is immense potential in, yet constraints to, dug-well recharge. A comparison of dug-well recharge with the average annual natural recharge over hard-rock areas of 116 mm shows that there is almost an equal potential in recharging groundwater irrigated areas through dug wells. Surveyed farmers also expect a great increase in water availability, especially during the dry seasons. However, farmers are wary of this recharged water flowing across to their neighbors. They expect to gain around 30% from their recharged water, but agree that there would be a common gain by recharging groundwater together with their neighbors. The farmers’ estimated cost of Rs 10,000 for the recharge structures is not such a big constraint, nor is siltation, for which they suggest numerous innovative solutions. Managing dug-well recharge locally is critical. Should it become mandatory for farmers to apply in groups of 10, as our sampled farmers suggest? Should the national program be structured such that farmers are transferred the subsidy and they can construct the structures in April or May as they unanimously prefer to do? Instead, should the policy be to promote local businesses around recharge, so as to harness the experience of well drillers, who also operate during the same summer months? More such tuning is needed over implementation of the dug-well recharge program to create demand from farmers, catalyze enterprises locally around recharge and establish monitoring programs to measure the benefits from the first upcoming season in 2009 over lakhs of recharge structures.
3 Cai, Xueliang; Sharma, Bharat R.; Matin, Mir Abdul; Sharma, D.; Gunasinghe, Sarath. 2010. An assessment of crop water productivity in the Indus and Ganges River Basins: current status and scope for improvement. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 22p. (IWMI Research Report 140) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2010.232]
Water productivity ; Crops ; Yields ; Rice ; Wheat ; River basins ; Models ; Remote sensing ; Evapotranspiration ; Mapping / India / Pakistan / Bangladesh / Nepal / Indus River Basin / Ganges River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043713)
(1.12MB)
The Indus and Ganges River Basin, being the most populous in the world, is under extreme pressure to sustain food security. Production resources including water are being exploited to various levels from underdevelopment to heavy overexploitation. This report provides a bird’s eye view of the basin and focuses on the nexus between agricultural production and water consumption, making it possible to pinpoint the areas with high/low water productivity and identify the factors behind this, which helps to promote informed decision making in light of environmental sustainability.
4 Gautam, S. K.; Maharana, C.; Sharma, D.; Singh, A. K.; Tripathi, J. K.; Singh, S. K. 2015. Evaluation of groundwater quality in the Chotanagpur plateau region of the Subarnarekha River Basin, Jharkhand State, India. Sustainability of Water Quality and Ecology, 6:57-74. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.swaqe.2015.06.001]
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Assessment ; Irrigation water ; Drinking water ; Water pollution ; Heavy metals ; Contamination ; Alkaline earth metals ; Sodium ; Magnesium ; Ions ; Salinity ; Chemicophysical properties ; Permeability ; Spatial variation ; Monsoon climate ; Hydrogeology ; Geochemistry ; River basins / India / Jharkhand / Chotanagpur Plateau / Subarnarekha River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047960)
(3.16 MB)
Suitability study of groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes was carried out in the middle Subarnarekha river basin, Jharkhand. Collected samples were analysed for physicochemical parameters such as conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, and heavy metals. After the physicochemical analysis groundwater samples were categorised for simplicity, accordingly, it shows that 52.6% samples fall in Ca-Cl2, 33.3% in Ca-HCO3, 10.5% in Ca-SO4, and 1.7% samples in Mg-HCO3 and rest were Na-Cl type. Interpretation of hydro-geochemical data suggests that leaching of ions followed by weathering and anthropogenic impact (mainly mining and agricultural activities) control the chemistry of groundwater in the study area. The TDS concentration at Govindpur site varies from 2677 mg L1 in the pre-monsoon to 2545 mg L1 in the post-monsoon season that is higher than the BIS (2004-05) maximum permissible limit (2000 mg L1 ). The elevated concentration of NO3 was identified at Govindpur, Hatia Bridge, Kandra, Musabani, Saraikela, Mango and Tatanagar. The higher NO3 concentration was due to the action of leaching and anthropogenic activities. At most of sampling locations, the concentration of Cd, Pb, and Ni were found higher than the prescribed limits defined by BIS and WHO. Groundwater suitability for drinking purpose was also evaluated by the synthetic pollution index (SPI), it suggests that 74%, 95%, and 21% samples fall in seriously polluted category during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon season, respectively. The calculated values of SAR, Na%, RSC, PI, and MH have shown that except at few locations, most of groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation purposes.
5 Sharma, D.; Khandekar, N.; Sachdeva, K. 2019. Addressing water-related shocks and coping decision through enhanced community participation: case studies from Ganga Basin, Uttarakhand, India. Water Policy, 21(5):999-1016. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.026]
Natural disasters ; Community involvement ; Participatory rural appraisal ; Climate change ; Flooding ; Geographical information systems ; Water resources ; Groundwater ; Water springs ; Rivers ; Water availability ; Social aspects ; Villages ; Case studies / India / Uttarakhand / Upper Ganga Basin / Hakimpur Turra / Khadri Kharak Maf / Kimkhola
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049409)
(0.49 MB)
Farming communities in the Upper Ganga basin, nestled in the Himalayan region, are finding it extremely difficult to face water-related shocks, which stand to profoundly impact their quality of life and livelihoods, due to climate change. Often, coping strategies (technological or institutional interventions), developed by planners, become counter-productive as they are not in cognizance with the end user community. This study presents a methodology to enable incorporation of community knowledge and expectations in planning by integrating participatory rural appraisal (PRA) with geographic information systems, leading to better informed coping strategies. As part of this, we create thematic maps which: (i) capture information on a spatial scale (otherwise lost during PRA), (ii) facilitate community participation for further research and planning in their contexts, and, (iii) co-create knowledge to develop a shared understanding of water-related hazards at the village level. The proposed methodology is presented through three case study sites – two in the plains (<500 masl) and one in the middle (500–1,500 masl) elevation regions of Upper Ganga basin. We show how this way of approaching context analysis facilitates community involvement as well as co-creating a knowledge base which can help researchers and government officials with mindful planning of interventions in the area.
6 Dubey, S. K.; Sharma, D.; Babel, M. S.; Mundetia, N. 2020. Application of hydrological model for assessment of water security using multi-model ensemble of CORDEX-South Asia experiments in a semi-arid river basin of India. Ecological Engineering, 143:105641. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.105641]
Water security ; Hydrology ; Models ; Semiarid zones ; Water resources ; River basins ; Climate change ; Water availability ; Water yield ; Precipitation ; Evapotranspiration ; Soils ; Meteorological factors / India / Rajasthan / Banas River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049554)
(4.73 MB)
This study analyses the impacts of climate change on water resources in the Banas River Basin, which is located in a semi-arid part of the state of Rajasthan in India. A bias-corrected ensemble mean of three CORDEX-SA driving GCM experiments (CNRM-CM5, CCSM4, and MPI-ESM-LR) was used with the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to predict water yield and evapotranspiration for three future periods (2011–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2099) under two representative concentration pathway scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), and the results were compared with the data of a historical period (1979–2008). The SUFI-2 method was used for the calibration and validation of the SWAT model. The model was calibrated for the period of five years (1982–1986) and validated for the next five years (1987–1991). The values of R2, NSE, bR2, PBIAS, and RSR were, respectively, 0.78, 0.77, 0.61, 47.4 and 0.48 during the calibration period, and 0.71, 0.65, 0.60, 72.1 and 0.59 during the validation period. Trend analysis was also performed for annual future predicted flows using the Sen Slope method. From the results, it can be predicted that precipitation, evapotranspiration, and water yield will increase in all the three future periods under both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Water availability in the future in the basin (zone wise) was identified using appropriate indicators. Per-capita water availability and meteorological variation were used to calculate future water availability and, considering these indicators, it can be concluded that zone 3 will better than the other zones. Zone 3 exhibits high values of per capita water availability and meteorological variation. This study will be useful in understanding the impacts of climate change on the water availability of the river basin and may help in overall water management in the present and the future.
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