Your search found 29 records
1 Turton, A. R.; Schreiner, B.; Leestemaker, J. 2001. Feminization as a critical component of the changing hydrosocial contract. In Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI), Water security for the 21st century - Innovative approaches: Proceedings of the 10th Stockholm Water Symposium, held in Stockholm, Sweden, 14-17 August, 2000. London, UK: IWA Publishing. pp.155-164.
Water resource management ; Women in development ; Gender ; Rural women ; Woman's status ; Social aspects / Southern Africa / Gambia / Botswana / Gambia River Basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 STO Record No: H028179)
2 Schreiner, B.; van Koppen, B. 2001. From bucket to basin: poverty, gender, and integrated water management in South Africa. In Abernethy, C. L. (Ed.). Intersectoral management of river basins. Proceedings of an International Workshop on Integrated Water Management in Water-Stressed River Basins in Developing Countries: Strategies for Poverty Alleviation and Agricultural Growth, Loskop Dam, South Africa, 16-21 October 2000. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Feldafing, Germany: German Foundation for International Development (DSE). pp.45-69.
Poverty ; Women ; Gender ; Equity ; Water scarcity ; Water management ; Water rights ; Water law ; Water allocation ; Pricing ; Cost recovery ; Water use ; Catchment areas ; Institutions ; Irrigated farming / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G000 ABE Record No: H029113)
(1.35)
3 Schreiner, B.; van Koppen, B. 2002. Catchment management agencies for poverty eradication in South Africa. Paper presented at the 2nd WARFSA / WaterNet Symposium: Integrated Water Resources Management: Theory, Practice, Cases, Cape Town, South Africa, 30-31 October, 2001. 11p.
Water resource management ; Catchment areas ; Institution building ; Decentralization ; Irrigation water ; Poverty ; Water law ; Farmers ; Water supply ; Water users / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G178 SCH Record No: H030754)
This paper discusses the changes in water law in South Africa since the new dispensation. The focus is on the poverty dimensions of the early experiences of implementation of one of the components of the National Water Act: the establishment of Catchment Management Agencies. From a diversity of recent experiences in decentralizing integrated water resources management, key areas emerge where future actions by the government are crucial to establish pro-poor, developmental catchment management Agencies.
4 Schreiner, B.; van Koppen, B.; Khumbane, T. 2002. From bucket to basin: a new water management paradigm for poverty eradication and gender equity. In Turton, A.; Henwood, R. (Eds.). Hydropolitics in the developing world: a southern African perspective. Pretoria, South Africa: African Water Issues Research Unit (AWIRU). pp.127-140.
Water management ; Equity ; Gender ; Legislation ; Water use ; Income ; Poverty ; Households ; Irrigated farming / Southern Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 TUR Record No: H031028)
5 Schreiner, B.. 1999. Water as an instrument for social development in South Africa. In SIWI, Urban stability through integrated water-related management: proceedings - The 9th Stockholm Water Symposium, Stockholm, Sweden, 9-12 August 1999. Stockholm, Sweden: SIWI. pp.253-266.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 SIW Record No: H033462)
6 Schreiner, B.; van Koppen, B. 2003. Policy and law for addressing poverty, race and gender in the water sector: the case of South Africa. Water Policy, 5(5-6):489-501.
Water policy ; Water law ; Gender ; Equity ; Water resource management ; Poverty ; Social participation ; Water supply ; Sanitation ; Water user associations / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER, P 6702 Record No: H033743)
(0.15 MB)
7 Schreiner, B.; Mohapi, N.; van Koppen, Barbara. 2004. Washing away poverty: water, democracy and gendered poverty eradication in South Africa. Natural Resources Forum, 28(3):171-178.
Poverty ; Gender ; Water policy ; Water law ; Development plans ; Catchment areas ; Water user associations ; Water resource management ; Institutions ; Women ; Irrigation programs ; Water supply ; Domestic water / South Africa
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H035758)
8 Schreiner, B.; van Koppen, Barbara; Laing, K. 2012. Pro-poor water resources regulation in developing countries: lessons from South Africa and Zambia. Paper presented at the 13th WaterNet / WARFSA / GWP-SA International Symposium on Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM), Johannesburg, South Africa, 30 October - 2 November 2012. 5p.
Water resources ; Water management ; Regulations ; Developing countries ; Water users ; Water allocation / South Africa / Zambia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045589)
(0.06 MB)
Water resources regulation is an increasingly critical aspect of effective water resources management and protection in developing countries. However, experiences in water resources regulation in developed countries are not necessarily appropriate for developing countries, where the challenges and available resources are different. In this paper, the authors address an approach to pro-poor regulation, appropriate for a democratic, developmental state in a developing country, drawing on lessons from South Africa and Zambia.
The paper is based on action-research to shape the use of the General Authorisation tool in South Africa into a pro-poor and transformative legal tool for historical justice, which also reduces the administrative burden on the state, as well as on a technical assistance project to the Zambian government to develop an appropriate and implementable water allocation system for river basins in Zambia. In both, the approach taken focused on enabling small users and the poorest to access water for livelihood development with minimal administrative burdens placed on the state in terms of regulatory requirements, while targeting regulation at the minority of large-impact users.
The results of the two pieces of work show there are considerable opportunities to design pro-poor water resources regulatory tools, while also reducing the administrative burden on the state. The paper draws out the lessons from this experience that can be used in other developing countries.
The paper concludes that there is a considerable, but largely untapped scope for the developmental African state to shape and implement pro-poor regulatory regimes and that, if the objectives of regulation are very clear and there is a focus on meeting the water needs of the poor and small scale water users while improving the efficacy of state regulation of large-scale users, a win-win situation is possible that achieves maximum developmental impact with limited administrative resources.
The paper is based on action-research to shape the use of the General Authorisation tool in South Africa into a pro-poor and transformative legal tool for historical justice, which also reduces the administrative burden on the state, as well as on a technical assistance project to the Zambian government to develop an appropriate and implementable water allocation system for river basins in Zambia. In both, the approach taken focused on enabling small users and the poorest to access water for livelihood development with minimal administrative burdens placed on the state in terms of regulatory requirements, while targeting regulation at the minority of large-impact users.
The results of the two pieces of work show there are considerable opportunities to design pro-poor water resources regulatory tools, while also reducing the administrative burden on the state. The paper draws out the lessons from this experience that can be used in other developing countries.
The paper concludes that there is a considerable, but largely untapped scope for the developmental African state to shape and implement pro-poor regulatory regimes and that, if the objectives of regulation are very clear and there is a focus on meeting the water needs of the poor and small scale water users while improving the efficacy of state regulation of large-scale users, a win-win situation is possible that achieves maximum developmental impact with limited administrative resources.
9 van Koppen, Barbara; Schreiner, B.; Fakir, S. 2011. The political, social and economic context of changing water policy in South Africa: post-1994. In Schreiner, B.; Hassan, R. M. (Eds.). Transforming water management in South Africa: designing and implementing a new policy framework. Dordrecht, NY, USA: Springer. pp.1-17. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9367-7_1]
Water policy ; History ; Water resources development ; Water management ; Water policy ; Water law ; Water supply ; Sanitation ; Equity ; Water user associations ; Economic aspects ; Irrigation schemes / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045602)
(1.52 MB)
This chapter describes the political, social and economic context in which South Africa’s water reform was designed and implemented. The water reform was part of the nation’s wider transformation after 1994 from white minority rule and territorial and institutional segregation, to a democratic, non-racial state. This implied a major challenge to redress the legacy of gross inequities in access to water for domestic and productive uses and the persistently high poverty levels, especially in the rural areas. For a better understanding of the continuities and changes from the past for all aspects of water reform discussed in this volume, the history of water development and management in apartheid South Africa is traced. This encompasses the removal of land and water rights from black South Africans by the early 1900s; the hydraulic mission for white agriculture throughout the twentieth century; and the emergence of the centrally planned, urban-industrialized water economy from the 1970s onwards. Many concepts that would globally be seen as ‘best practice’ Integrated Water Resource Management according to the Dublin principles of 1992 originate in that era. The chapter concludes by introducing the subsequent chapters in this light.
10 van Koppen, Barbara; Schreiner, B.; Burchi, S.; Cullis, J.; Denison, J.; Cardoso, P.; Gabriel, M. J.; Garduno, H.; Karar, E.; Moseki, C.; Tapela, B.; Rumble, O.; Salomon, M.; Stein, R. 2012. Comment to the draft general authorisation for the taking and storage of water, General notice 288 of 2012, by the Department of Water Affairs, South Africa, 4 June 2012. Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 8p.
Water management ; Water storage ; Water users ; Water use ; Regulations ; Water law ; Non governmental organizations ; Gender ; Public participation / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045709)
(0.42 MB)
11 van Koppen, Barbara; Schreiner, B.. 2014. Priority General Authorisations in rights-based water use authorisation in South Africa. Water Policy, 16:59-77. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.110]
Water use ; Water resources ; Water law ; Water governance ; Authority ; Licences ; Gender ; Poverty ; Smallholders
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046749)
(0.20 MB)
This article unravels the notions of justice in statutory water law in Sub-Saharan Africa in general and South Africa in particular. These laws, which allocate and regulate water resources, are licence (or permit) systems. Three forms of injustices are identified for small-scale water users who typically encompass all poor water users: the reinforcement of the historical injustices by which colonial powers captured ownership of water resources and undermined customary water law; administrative discrimination as a result of governments’ lack of capacity to license the large numbers of small-scale users; and discrimination of the smallest-scale users whose exemption from the obligation to apply for a licence relegates them to a second-class entitlement to water. Based on the texts and implementation experiences of the National Water Act (1998) and the pro-poor prioritisation rules in the National Water Resource Strategy-2 (2013), the authors propose the transformative legal tool of priority General Authorisations for black small-scale users to overcome these injustices. Via this tool all black small-scale users, including the poor, would obtain equal access to minimum quantities of water needed to progressively achieve constitutional rights to water, food, and non-discrimination, while the remaining water resources would be allocated to high-impact users through licences with strict and enforceable conditions.
12 de Haan, Nicoline; Sugden, Fraser; Schreiner, B.; van Koppen, Barbara; Mapedza, Everisto; Curnow, Jayne; Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali; Clement, Floriane. 2014. Social inclusion. In van der Bliek, Julie; McCornick, Peter; Clarke, James (Eds.). On target for people and planet: setting and achieving water-related sustainable development goals. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.24-27.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046797)
(402 KB)
13 van Koppen, Barbara; Schreiner, B.. 2014. Moving beyond integrated water resource management: developmental water management in South Africa. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 30(3):543-558. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2014.912111]
Water resources ; Water management ; Water use ; Water law ; Legal aspects ; Environmental sustainability ; Equity ; Economic growth ; Infrastructure / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046839)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07900627.2014.912111
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046839.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046839.pdf
(0.18 MB) (179.14 KB)
This article traces the history of integrated water resources management (IWRM) in South Africa since the 1970s. It examines IWRM according to its three common pillars, which are also reflected in South Africa’s National Water Act: economic efficiency, environmental sustainability, and equity. The article highlights how the principles of economic efficiency and the environment as a user in its own right emerged under apartheid, while equity was only included in the post-1994 water policies, with evolving influence on the other two principles. In 2013, the Department of Water Affairs overcame the widely documented flaws of IWRM by adopting developmental water management as its water resource management approach, aligning with the political and socio-economic goals of South Africa’s democratic developmental state.
14 Schreiner, B.. 2015. Water pricing: the case of South Africa. In Dinar, A.; Pochat, V.; Albiac-Murillo, J. (Eds.). Water pricing experiences and innovations. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. pp.289-311. (Global Issues in Water Policy Volume 9)
Water rates ; Pricing ; Water resources ; Water supply ; Water quality ; Water use ; Irrigation water ; Waste reduction ; Urban wastes ; Infrastructure ; State intervention ; Subsidies ; Afforestation ; Environmental services ; Social aspects / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H047128)
South Africa is a water-scarce country with a high level of income inequality, based largely on race. The issue of water pricing for water services and raw water has been shaped over the years to try to address both of these issues and to ensure a revenue stream that, with the parliamentary appropriation, is sufficient to fund the management and infrastructure-related costs of providing water and protecting water resources. This chapter deals with the key aspects of water pricing in South Africa for irrigation, municipal and industrial use, and power generation. It outlines the legal framework for water pricing and how this has been interpreted since the current legislation was promulgated in the late 1990s. It also outlines some of the key debates currently being addressed, such as how to deal with irrigation subsidies, how to address issues of equity, the possible adoption of a national charge for water, and how best to structure infrastructure-related charges.
15 van Koppen, Barbara; Derman, B.; Schreiner, B.; Durojaye, E.; Mweso, N. 2015. Fixing the leaks in women's human rights to water: lessons from South Africa. In Hellum, A.; Kameri-Mbote, P.; van Koppen, Barbara. (Eds.) Water is life: women’s human rights in national and local water governance in southern and eastern Africa. Harare, Zimbabwe: Weaver Press. pp.457-506.
Human rights ; Water rights ; Water supply ; Water rates ; Water law ; Water use ; Water productivity ; Water management ; Institutions ; Gender ; Womans status ; Poverty ; Living standards ; Legal aspects ; Legislation ; Water policy ; Water allocation ; Domestic water ; Irrigation water ; Local government ; Government departments ; Sanitation ; Economic aspects ; Land reform / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047308)
(3.74 MB)
16 van Koppen, Barbara; Schreiner, B.. 2015. Gender-equality in statutory water law: the case of priority general authorizations in South Africa. In Hellum, A.; Kameri-Mbote, P.; van Koppen, Barbara. (Eds.) Water is life: women’s human rights in national and local water governance in southern and eastern Africa. Harare, Zimbabwe: Weaver Press. pp.507-534.
Gender ; Men ; Women ; Equity ; Discrimination ; Water law ; Water governance ; Water use ; Water resources ; Water users ; Human rights ; Administration ; Local authorities ; Legal aspects ; Legislation ; Social aspects / South Africa / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047309)
(2.18 MB)
17 Van Koppen , Barbara; Hellum , A.; Mehta, L.; Derman, B.; Schreiner, B.. 2016. Rights-based freshwater governance for the twenty-first century: beyond an exclusionary focus on domestic water uses. In Karar, E. (Ed). Freshwater governance for the 21st century. London, UK: SpringerOpen. pp.129-143.
Freshwater ; Water governance ; Domestic water ; Water use ; Water supply ; Water allocation ; Drinking water ; Sanitation ; Human rights ; Multiple use ; Licences ; Food security ; Living standards ; Infrastructure
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047925)
(181 KB)
The UN recognition of a human right to water for drinking, personal and other domestic uses and sanitation in 2010 was a political breakthrough in states’ commitments to adopt a human rights framework in carrying out part of their mandate. This chapter explores other domains of freshwater governance in which human rights frameworks provide a robust and widely accepted set of normative values to such governance. The basis is General Comment No. 15 of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in 2002, which states that water is needed to realise a range of indivisible human rights to non-starvation, food, health, work and an adequate standard of living and also procedural rights to participation and information in water interventions. On that basis, the chapter explores concrete implications of the Comment for states’ broader infrastructure-based water services implied in the recognised need to access to infrastructure, rights to non-discrimination in public service delivery and respect of people’s own prioritisation. This implies a right to water for livelihoods with core minimum service levels for water to homesteads that meet both domestic and small-scale productive uses, so at least 50–100 l per capita per day. Turning to the state’s mandates and authority in allocating water resources, the chapter identifi es three forms of unfair treatment of smallscale users in current licence systems. As illustrated by the case of South Africa, the legal tool of “Priority General Authorisations” is proposed. This prioritises water allocation to small-scale water users while targeting and enforcing regulatory licences to the few high-impact users.
18 Schreiner, B.; Mohapi, N.; van Koppen, Barbara. 2004. Washing away poverty: water, democracy and gendered poverty eradication in South Africa. Natural Resources Forum, 28:171-178.
Poverty ; Gender ; Women ; Water policy ; Water law ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water institutions ; Water user associations ; Water supply ; Political aspects ; Democracy ; Economic aspects ; Equity ; Catchment areas ; Irrigation schemes / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048776)
This article discusses ways in which the South African Government and grassroots organizations envisage and implement democracy achieved since 1994 in the eld of water resources management. The focus is on the democratic, political and economic freedom and equality in resource rights for poor black women, who are central to poverty eradication. While the new water policy and law provide an enabling framework for achieving these goals, implementation on the ground encounters both new opportunities and constraints. This is illustrated by several cases of establishing South Africa’s new water management institutions: catchment management agencies and water user associations. The important nexus between state-led democratization of water resources management and bottom-up grassroots movements is also discussed. The article concludes that the Government’s af rmative and targeted intervention is indispensable for redressing gender inequalities and eradicating poverty.
19 van Koppen, Barbara; Schreiner, B.. 2018. A hybrid approach to decolonize formal water law in Africa. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 45p. (IWMI Research Report 173) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.219]
Legislation ; Legal pluralism ; Customary law ; Water law ; Water resources ; Water users ; Water use ; Water rights ; Water management ; Water allocation ; Water policy ; Water governance ; Water distribution ; Water security ; Colonialism ; Economic aspects ; State intervention ; Authorities ; Investment ; Rural population ; Political aspects ; Regulations ; Small scale systems ; Equity ; Marginalization / Africa / South Africa / Kenya / Malawi / Uganda / Zimbabwe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048956)
(639 KB)
In recent decades, many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have pursued national water permit systems, derived from the colonial era and reinforced by “global best practice.” These systems have proved logistically impossible to manage and have worsened inequality in water access. A new study conducted by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and Pegasys Institute, with support from the UK government, traces the origins of these systems, and describes their implementation and consequences for rural smallholders in five countries – Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe. The authors of this report propose a hybrid water use rights system to decolonize Africa’s water law, lighten the administrative burden on the state and make legal access to water more equitable. This would strengthen smallholder irrigation, which is vital for boosting Africa’s food production and making it more resilient in the face of worsening drought.
20 Schreiner, B.; van Koppen, Barbara. 2018. Establishing hybrid water use rights systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: a practical guide for managers. Pretoria, South Africa: Pegasys Institute; Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 48p.
Water use ; Water rights ; Water resources ; Water management ; Guidelines ; Rural communities ; Economic aspects ; Smallholders ; Monitoring ; Customary law ; Irrigation management ; Catchment areas ; Food security ; Sustainable Development Goals ; State intervention ; Regulations ; Legal aspects ; Financing / Africa / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048975)
(12.1 MB)
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