Your search found 14 records
1 Niang, S.; Diop, A.; Faruqui, N.; Redwood, M.; Gaye, M. 2002. Reuse of untreated wastewater in market gardens in Dakar, Senegal. Urban Agriculture Magazine, 8:35-36.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 6302 Record No: H031712)
2 Faruqui, N. I.; Niang, S.; Redwood, M.. 2004. Untreated wastewater use in market gardens: a case study of Dakar, Senegal. In Scott, C. A.; Faruqui, N. I.; Raschid-Sally, L. (Eds.), Wastewater use in irrigated agriculture: Confronting the livelihood and environmental realities. Wallingford, UK ; Colombo, Sri Lanka; Ottawa, Canada: CABI Publishing; IWMI; IDRC. pp.113-125.
Wastewater ; Irrigated farming ; Vegetables ; Crop production ; Public health ; Environmental effects ; Land tenure ; Legal aspects ; Case studies / Senegal / Dakar
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G000 SCO Record No: H035957)
(15.36 MB)
3 Martijn, E. J.; Redwood, M.. 2005. Wastewater irrigation in developing countries - limitations for farmers to adopt appropriate practices. Irrigation and Drainage, 54(Supplement 1):S63-S70.
Wastewater ; Irrigated farming ; Developing countries ; Public health ; Risks ; Irrigation practices
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H037445)
4 Redwood, M.. (Ed.) 2009. Agriculture in urban planning: generating livelihoods and food security. London, UK: Earthscan. 166p.
Urbanization ; Urban agriculture ; Food security ; Composts ; Wastewater irrigation ; Vegetables ; Farmers ; Health hazards / Africa / Kenya / Ghana / Peru / Zimbabwe / Malawei / Congo / Argentina / Senegal / Nigeria / Nairobi / Accra / Kumasi / Lima / Lilongwe / Blantyre / Harare / Tamale / Rimac River / Kinshasa / Rosario / Dakar / Zaria
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 8021 Record No: H041927)
(4.04 MB)
5 Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa. (Eds.) 2010. Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); London, UK: Earthscan; Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC). 404p.
Wastewater irrigation ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Risk assessment ; Epidemiology ; Sewage sludge ; Excreta ; Diseases ; Vegetables ; Leaf vegetables ; Economic impact ; Wastewater treatment ; Irrigation methods ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G000 DRE Record No: H042600)
(5.45 MB)
In most developing countries wastewater treatment systems have very low coverage or function poorly, resulting in large-scale water pollution and the use of poor-quality water for crop irrigation, especially in the vicinity of urban centres. This can pose significant risks to public health, particularly where crops are eaten raw. Wastewater Irrigation and Health approaches this serious problem from a practical and realistic perspective, addressing the issues of health risk assessment and reduction in developing country settings. The book therefore complements other books on the topic of wastewater which focus on high-end treatment options and the use of treated wastewater. This book moves the debate forward by covering also the common reality of untreated wastewater, greywater and excreta use. It presents the state-of-the-art on quantitative risk assessment and low-cost options for health risk reduction, from treatment to on-farm and off-farm measures, in support of the multiple barrier approach of the 2006 guidelines for safe wastewater irrigation published by the World Health Organization. The 38 authors and co-authors are international key experts in the field of wastewater irrigation representing a mix of agronomists, engineers, social scientists and public health experts from Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. The chapters highlight experiences across the developing world with reference to various case studies from sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Mexico and the Middle East. The book also addresses options for resource recovery and wastewater governance, thus clearly establishes a connection between agriculture, health and sanitation, which is often the missing link in the current discussion on ‘making wastewater an asset’.
6 Huibers, F.; Redwood, M.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa. 2010. Challenging conventional approaches to managing wastewater use in agriculture. In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa (Eds.). Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries. London, UK: Earthscan; Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.287-301. (Also in French).
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G000 DRE Record No: H042614)
(0.21 MB)
In developing countries urban wastewater management often fails to cope with increasing wastewater generation. Financial, technical and institutional limitations force authorities to discharge substantial amounts of untreated or partially treated wastewater into surface waters. Consequently, uncontrolled use of polluted water is increasingly common in the downstream peri-urban areas. Although wastewater use bears a significant risk on human health, such use is also productive and an asset for many. Agricultural use of wastewater is a strong manifestation of the urban-rural connection and transfers a waterborne risk from the wastewater disposal system to the food chain, requiring a paradigm shift in the approaches applied to risk minimization. Conventional models for urban wastewater treatment and management are based on top-down, mechanically driven approaches that do not, or do not sufficiently, consider the links between the social, economic and health aspects. This situation is understandable from historical and technological points of view, but does not provide innovative solutions to current problems in developing country cities. A different approach is required, one that rethinks conventional wastewater system design and management. By adopting a systems approach to analysing both the water and food chains, one discovers the interactions of different stakeholders that treat and use (or abuse) water, the impacts on overall productivity and the risks. Governance systems to manage wastewater use in agriculture must incorporate decentralization to accommodate thinking at the bottom layer, encourage stakeholder engagement and provide coordination and policy cohesion for managing risks jointly from both the water and food chains.
7 Scott, C. A.; Drechsel, Pay; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Bahri, Akissa; Mara, D.; Redwood, M.; Jimenez, B. 2010. Wastewater irrigation and health: challenges and outlook for mitigating risks in low-income countries. In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa (Eds.). Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries. London, UK: Earthscan; Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.381-394. (Also in French).
Wastewater irrigation ; Public health ; Urban agriculture ; Risk assessment ; Wastewater management ; Governance
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G000 DRE Record No: H042619)
(0.29 MB)
Wastewater irrigation is a widespread and growing phenomenon that carries varying degrees of risk. Whether spontaneously practiced in urban and periurban agriculture or planned as part of water reuse programmes, food and fodder production using untreated sewage or treated effluent can have serious human health implications for farmers and consumers, and can irreversibly degrade the environment. In low-income countries water pollution is often the result of inadequate wastewater collection and treatment, and unplanned release to receiving water bodies. Making wastewater irrigation safer depends on a location-specific combination of different pathogen barriers including, where possible, appropriate wastewater treatment. Ensuring that these strategies work in an integrated, mutually supportive manner requires a multi-sectoral paradigm shift in the common approach of wastewater management for disposal. Additionally, it is crucial to continue research (especially in developing countries) on the types and severity of risk, locally feasible mitigation options, the cost-effectiveness of safer wastewater irrigation practices compared to other interventions against diarrhoea and facilitating the adoption of ‘non-’ or ‘post-treatment’ options. This concluding chapter presents an outlook for wastewater irrigation by integrating the major findings of the present volume, synthesizing key elements of the current global status and challenges of sanitation and wastewater irrigation with emphasis on the WHO Guidelines. It also highlights wastewater-governance opportunities with the greatest potential to support safe wastewater irrigation that simultaneously address the combined challenges deriving from the global sanitation, water and food crises.
8 Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa. (Eds.) 2010. Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries. London, UK: Earthscan; Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 404p.
Wastewater irrigation ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Risk assessment ; Epidemiology ; Sewage sludge ; Excreta ; Diseases ; Vegetables ; Leaf vegetables ; Economic impact ; Wastewater treatment ; Irrigation methods ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G000 DRE c2 Record No: H042759)
In most developing countries wastewater treatment systems have very low coverage or function poorly, resulting in large-scale water pollution and the use of poor-quality water for crop irrigation, especially in the vicinity of urban centres. This can pose significant risks to public health, particularly where crops are eaten raw. Wastewater Irrigation and Health approaches this serious problem from a practical and realistic perspective, addressing the issues of health risk assessment and reduction in developing country settings. The book therefore complements other books on the topic of wastewater which focus on high-end treatment options and the use of treated wastewater. This book moves the debate forward by covering also the common reality of untreated wastewater, greywater and excreta use. It presents the state-of-the-art on quantitative risk assessment and low-cost options for health risk reduction, from treatment to on-farm and off-farm measures, in support of the multiple barrier approach of the 2006 guidelines for safe wastewater irrigation published by the World Health Organization. The 38 authors and co-authors are international key experts in the field of wastewater irrigation representing a mix of agronomists, engineers, social scientists and public health experts from Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. The chapters highlight experiences across the developing world with reference to various case studies from sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Mexico and the Middle East. The book also addresses options for resource recovery and wastewater governance, thus clearly establishes a connection between agriculture, health and sanitation, which is often the missing link in the current discussion on ‘making wastewater an asset’.
9 Redwood, M.. 2008. Grey water irrigation: challenges and opportunities. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 3(063). 7p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043684)
(0.08 MB)
There is a growing body of work on grey water (GW) that is driven by the need to find solutions for increasing water scarcity and poverty. Most of the work has approached GW cautiously, emphasizing health risks and fearfulness that its use causes more problems than solutions. The literature suggests that the impact of GW on the environment is closely related to its source, how it is handled and what is its end use. Proper management implies that solutions must be linked with how the grey water should be used cost-effectively. An analysis of GW policy suggests that grey water can be easily managed with common sense solutions such as avoiding direct contact, avoiding spray irrigation and through some simple irrigation techniques. It is also useful to see grey water as a poverty-reduction strategy, since its impact on macro-level water scarcity is negligible. Further research one economic costs and benefit and the longer-term environmental impacts are needed, but this should not stop reasonable and simple incentives for GW use from being put into place now.
10 Bos. R.; Mara, D.; Bahri, Akissa; Jimenez, B.; Stenstroem, T. - A.; Huibers, F.; Redwood, M.; Kinane, M.; Hamilton, A.; Murray, A.; Nelson, K.; Abaidoo, R.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Tiongco, M.; Razak, S.; Ensink, J.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Kone, D.; Drechsel, Pay; Moe, C.; Buckley, C.; Niang, S.; Scott, C.; Amoah, Philip; Dalahmeh, S.; Cisse, G.; Kone, B.; LeJeune, J.; Karg, H.; Keraita, Bernard; Evans, Alexandra; Zwane, A.; Silverman, A.; Armstrong, J.; Awadzi, D.; Cofie, Olufunke; Schoeffler, M.; Van Rooijen, D.; Mensah, Ernest Abraham. 2008. Accra Consensus: Agenda for Research, Capacity Building and Action on the Safe Use of Wastewater and Excreta in Agriculture. [A public statement]. 2p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043803)
11 Scott, Christopher; Faruqui , N.; Carr, R.; Blumenthal, U.; Amerasinghe, Felix; Redwood, M.; Ramachandran, G.; Al-Beiruti, S. N.; Prain, G.; Gopal, M. G.; Raschid, Liqa; Huibers, F.; Agodzo, S.; Mukherjee, M.; Madsen, T.; Cornish, G.; Silva, P.; Minhas, P. S.; Niang, S.; Al Khatib, N.; Ghougassian, B.; Drechsel, Pay; Shetty, S.; Blummel, M.; Sengupta, A. K.; Matsuno, Y.; van Veenhuizen, R.; Hall, A.; Keraita, Bernard; Simmons, Rob; Shalabi, M.; Murray-Rust, Hammond; Hainsworth, S.; Rajan, V.; Buechler, Stephanie; Reddy, U. M.; McCornick, Peter; Devi, Gayathri; Kielen, N.; Ensink, Jeroen; Devi, Rama; van der Hoek, Wim; Kundu, N.; Haan, Max; Abayawardana, Sarath; Narayana, P.; Bouma, Jetske. 2005. The Hyderabad Declaration on Wastewater Use in Agriculture, 14 November 2002, Hyderabad, India. [A public statement]. 3p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043804)
12 Wichelns, Dennis; Owaygen, M.; Redwood, M.. 2011. Developing country farmers need more than financial incentives to reduce the risks of wastewater irrigation. Water International, 36(4):467-475. (Special issue on "Wastewater use in agriculture: economics, risks and opportunities" with contributions by IWMI authors). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2011.594250]
Wastewater irrigation ; Farmers ; Consumers ; Risk reduction ; Financing ; Agriculture ; Public policy ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H044194)
(0.11 MB)
Implementing financial incentives to motivate farmers to reduce the risks of using untreated wastewater for irrigation is not feasible in most agricultural settings in developing countries. Much wastewater is diverted informally from streams and ditches, with no accounting of the volumes used by smallholder households. In addition, governance structures are often not sufficiently well established to implement appropriate policies. The authors describe the economic rationale for implementing financial incentives, while discussing alternative approaches for motivating farm-level improvements in cultural practices that might reduce risks for farmers, their families, other residents of agricultural communities and consumers.
13 Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa. 2011. L’irrigation avec des eaux usees et la sante: evaluer et attenuer les risques dans les pays a faible revenu. In French. [Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries]. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Quebec, Canada: University of Quebec. 440p. (Also in English).
Wastewater irrigation ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Risk assessment ; Epidemiology ; Sewage sludge ; Excreta ; Diseases ; Vegetables ; Leaf vegetables ; Economic impact ; Wastewater treatment ; Irrigation methods ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044457)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Research_Themes/Theme_3/PDF/French%20book.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044457.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044457.pdf
(5.96 MB) (5.96MB)
In most developing countries wastewater treatment systems have very low coverage or function poorly, resulting in large-scale water pollution and the use of poor-quality water for crop irrigation, especially in the vicinity of urban centres. This can pose significant risks to public health, particularly where crops are eaten raw. Wastewater Irrigation and Health approaches this serious problem from a practical and realistic perspective, addressing the issues of health risk assessment and reduction in developing country settings. The book therefore complements other books on the topic of wastewater which focus on high-end treatment options and the use of treated wastewater. This book moves the debate forward by covering also the common reality of untreated wastewater, greywater and excreta use. It presents the state-of-the-art on quantitative risk assessment and low-cost options for health risk reduction, from treatment to on-farm and off-farm measures, in support of the multiple barrier approach of the 2006 guidelines for safe wastewater irrigation published by the World Health Organization. The 38 authors and co-authors are international key experts in the field of wastewater irrigation representing a mix of agronomists, engineers, social scientists and public health experts from Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. The chapters highlight experiences across the developing world with reference to various case studies from sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Mexico and the Middle East. The book also addresses options for resource recovery and wastewater governance, thus clearly establishes a connection between agriculture, health and sanitation, which is often the missing link in the current discussion on ‘making wastewater an asset’.
14 Huibers, F.; Redwood, M.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa. 2011. Discuter les approches conventionnelles de gestion de l’utilisation des eaux usees en agriculture. In French. [Challenging conventional approaches to managing wastewater use in agriculture]. In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa. L’irrigation avec des eaux usees et la sante: evaluer et attenuer les risques dans les pays a faible revenu. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Quebec, Canada: University of Quebec. pp.309-325. (Also in English).
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044471)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Research_Themes/Theme_3/PDF/French%20book.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044471.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044471.pdf
(0.78 MB) (5.96MB)
In developing countries urban wastewater management often fails to cope with increasing wastewater generation. Financial, technical and institutional limitations force authorities to discharge substantial amounts of untreated or partially treated wastewater into surface waters. Consequently, uncontrolled use of polluted water is increasingly common in the downstream peri-urban areas. Although wastewater use bears a significant risk on human health, such use is also productive and an asset for many. Agricultural use of wastewater is a strong manifestation of the urban-rural connection and transfers a waterborne risk from the wastewater disposal system to the food chain, requiring a paradigm shift in the approaches applied to risk minimization. Conventional models for urban wastewater treatment and management are based on top-down, mechanically driven approaches that do not, or do not sufficiently, consider the links between the social, economic and health aspects. This situation is understandable from historical and technological points of view, but does not provide innovative solutions to current problems in developing country cities. A different approach is required, one that rethinks conventional wastewater system design and management. By adopting a systems approach to analysing both the water and food chains, one discovers the interactions of different stakeholders that treat and use (or abuse) water, the impacts on overall productivity and the risks. Governance systems to manage wastewater use in agriculture must incorporate decentralization to accommodate thinking at the bottom layer, encourage stakeholder engagement and provide coordination and policy cohesion for managing risks jointly from both the water and food chains.
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