Your search found 12 records
1 Ahsan, E.; Hossain, M.; Hossain, A.; Rahman, M.; Gisselquist, D. 1984. Preliminary list of entries for forthcoming BARC annotated bibliography on irrigation and water management in Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh: BARC. 43 p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7 G584 AHS Record No: H094)
2 Ahmed, B.; Bottrall, A.; Rahman, M.. 1986. Surface water abstraction for irrigation: An environmental perspective. Draft paper presented at BCAS Workshop on Environmental Aspects of Surface Water Systems of Bangladesh, Comilla, Bangladesh, 14-22 July 1986.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 574 Record No: H02548)
3 Rahman, M.. 1981. Ecology of Karez irrigation: A case of Pakistan. Geojournal, 5(1):7-15.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 1716 Record No: H07444)
4 Rahman, M.; Chaudhry, M. H. 1998. Simulation of dam-break flow with grid adaptation. Advances in Water Resources, 21(1):1-9.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H010494)
5 Balasubramanya, Soumya; Evans, B.; Ahmed, R.; Habib, A.; Asad, N. S. M.; Vuong, L.; Rahman, M.; Hasan, M.; Dey, D.; Camargo-Valero, M. 2016. Pump it up: making single-pit emptying safer in rural Bangladesh. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 6(3):456-464. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.049]
Rural areas ; Faecal sludge ; Faecal coliforms ; Sewage effluent disposal ; Sludge treatment ; Latrines ; Sanitation ; Health hazards ; Helminths ; Liquid wastes ; Public services ; State intervention ; Pumping / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047856)
(0.51 MB)
Safe emptying and disposal of fecal sludge from pit latrines in rural areas has become a priority for the Government of Bangladesh. In this paper, we calculate the volume and characterize the hazards of managing sludge to identify technologies for safely emptying rural single pits. In Bhaluka subdistrict, an estimated 15,000 m3 of sludge is produced annually. Physical, chemical, and microbial analysis of samples of sludge taken from pit latrines indicate that the sludge has a high moisture content of around 90%, a C:N ration of 10:1, and a helminth presence of 41 eggs/g. In a field test of alternative emptying technologies, simple pumps such as the gulper emerged as feasible for use in rural areas, due to the liquid nature of the sludge, narrow roads, and limited incomes of rural households. The results suggest that current practices of emptying liquid sludge manually without any protective equipment poses risks to those who handle sludge, and the process needs to be semi-mechanized with immediate effect. These results are being used by the Bangladesh government to design policy for sludge management. In the near future, an organized service that safely empties single pits and transports sludge for treatment needs to be urgently designed.
6 Balasubramanya, Soumya; Evans, B.; Hardy, Richard; Ahmed, R.; Habib, A.; Asad, N. S. M.; Rahman, M.; Hasan, H.; Dey, D.; Fletcher, J.; Camargo-Valero, M. A.; Rao, Krishna Chaitanya; Fernando, Sudarshana. 2017. Towards sustainable sanitation management: Establishing the costs and willingness to pay for emptying and transporting sludge in rural districts with high rates of access to latrines. PLoS One, 12(3):1-20. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171735]
Faecal sludge ; Waste management ; Waste treatment ; Sanitation ; Transport infrastructure ; Rural areas ; Latrines ; Pit latrines ; Environmental impact assessment ; Health hazards ; Financing ; State intervention ; Households ; Maintenance costs / Bangladesh / Bhaluka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048078)
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0171735&type=printable
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048078.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048078.pdf
(1.53 MB)
Motivation: Proper management of fecal sludge has significant positive health and environmental externalities. Most research on managing onsite sanitation so far either simulates the costs of, or the welfare effects from, managing sludge in situ in pit latrines. Thus, designing management strategies for onsite rural sanitation is challenging, because the actual costs of transporting sludge for treatment, and sources for financing these transport costs, are not well understood. Methods: In this paper we calculate the actual cost of sludge management from onsite latrines, and identify the contributions that latrine owners are willing to make to finance the costs. A spreadsheet-based model is used to identify a cost-effective transport option, and to calculate the cost per household. Then a double-bound contingent valuation method is used to elicit from pit-latrine owners their willingness-to-pay to have sludge transported away. This methodology is employed for the case of a rural subdistrict in Bangladesh called Bhaluka, a unit of administration at which sludge management services are being piloted by the Government of Bangladesh. Results: The typical sludge accumulation rate in Bhaluka is calculated at 0.11 liters/person/day and a typical latrine will need to be emptied approximately once every 3 to 4 years. The costs of emptying and transport are high; approximately USD 13 per emptying event (circa 14% of average monthly income); household contributions could cover around 47% of this cost. However, if costs were spread over time, the service would cost USD 4 per year per household, or USD 0.31 per month per household—comparable to current expenditures of rural households on telecommunications. Conclusion: This is one of few research papers that brings the costs of waste management together with financing of that cost, to provide evidence for an implementable solution. This framework can be used to identify cost effective sludge management options and private contributions towards that cost in other (context-specific) administrative areas where onsite sanitation is widespread.
7 Balasubramanya, Soumya; Evans, E.; Ahmed, R.; Habib, A.; Asad, N. S. M.; Rahman, M.; Hasan, M.; Dey, D.; Camargo-Valero, M.; Rao, Krishna Chaitanya; Fernando, Sudarshana. 2017. Take it away: the need for designing fecal sludge disposal services for single-pit latrines. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 7(1):121-128. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.073]
Faecal sludge ; Waste disposal ; Waste management ; Pit latrines ; Sanitation ; Rural areas ; Household wastes ; Transport infrastructure ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Environmental health / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048079)
The government of Bangladesh is increasingly paying attention to the safe collection and disposal of fecal sludge from pit latrines in rural areas. In this paper, we report on current sludge disposal practices from single-pit latrines, by conducting a survey of 1,091 households with pit latrines in a rural subdistrict of Bangladesh. Almost all households were using their pits, and 90% reported that hiring pit emptiers to empty the pit for reuse was the dominant pit management practice. However, 90% of households also reported that the sludge from these pits would be disposed of in the vicinity of their homes, by digging wide and shallow troughs in the soil to absorb the sludge. These results indicate an urgent need to design an organized service that safely transports fecal sludge away for treatment. The National Committee for Fecal Sludge Management, constituted by the government of Bangladesh, is using these results to design policy for sludge management.
8 Mia, Md. U.; Rahman, M.; Elbeltagi, A.; Abdullah-Al-Mahbub, Md.; Sharma, G.; Islam, H. M. T.; Pal, S. C.; Costache, R.; Towfiqul Islam, A. R. Md.; Islam, Md. M.; Chen, N.; Alam, E.; Washakh, R. M. A. 2022. Sustainable flood risk assessment using deep learning-based algorithms with a blockchain technology. Geocarto International, 30p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2022.2112982]
Flooding ; Risk assessment ; Disaster risk management ; Machine learning ; Blockchain technology ; Neural networks ; Sustainable development ; Floodplains ; Rain ; Forecasting ; Datasets ; Mapping ; Normalized difference vegetation index ; Models / Bangladesh / Brahmaputra River / Jamalpur / Gaibandha / Kurigram / Bogra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051339)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10106049.2022.2112982
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051339.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051339.pdf
(5.41 MB) (5.41 MB)
The couplings of convolutional neural networks (CNN) with random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), long short-term memory (LSTM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) ensemble algorithms were used to construct novel ensemble computational models (CNN-LSTM, CNN-XG, CNN-SVM, and CNN-RF) for flood hazard mapping in the monsoon-dominated catchment, Bangladesh. The results revealed that geology, elevation, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and rainfall are the most significant parameters in flash floods based on the Pearson correlation technique. Statistical method such as the area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate model performance. The CNN-RF model could be a promising tool for precisely predicting and mapping flash floods as it is outperformed the other models (AUC = 1.0). Furthermore, to meet sustainable development goals (SDGs), a blockchain-based technology is proposed to create a decentralized flood management tool for help seekers and help providers during and post floods. The suggested tool accelerates emergency rescue operations during flood events.
9 Raihan, A.; Muhtasim, D. A.; Farhana, S.; Ul Hasan, Md. A.; Pavel, M. I.; Faruk, O.; Rahman, M.; Mahmood, A. 2022. Nexus between economic growth, energy use, urbanization, agricultural productivity, and carbon dioxide emissions: new insights from Bangladesh. Energy Nexus, 8:100144. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2022.100144]
Economic growth ; Energy consumption ; Urbanization ; Agricultural productivity ; Carbon dioxide ; Nexus approaches ; Emission reduction ; Renewable energy ; Sustainable development ; Environmental degradation ; Econometrics / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051566)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427122000997/pdfft?md5=dbcb4ae244b54398c715ae9ea126b481&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427122000997-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051566.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051566.pdf
(1.63 MB) (1.63 MB)
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions, notably carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are causing global climate change, which poses enormous hazards to human life, the environment, development, and sustainability. Bangladesh is predominantly an agricultural country experiencing continuous economic growth and rapid urbanization which is causing higher energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The present study empirically explores the nexus between economic growth, energy use, urbanization, agricultural productivity, and CO2 emissions in Bangladesh. Time series data from 1972 to 2018 were utilized by employing the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) approach. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test revealed evidence of cointegration among the variables in the long run which has been verified by the Johansen cointegration test and Engle-Granger cointegration test. The empirical findings reveal that economic growth, energy use, urbanization, and reduced agricultural productivity increase CO2 emissions in Bangladesh. The estimated results are robust to alternative estimators such as fully modified least squares (FMOLS), and canonical cointegrating regression (CCR). In addition, the pairwise Granger causality test is utilized to capture the causal linkage between the variables. This study adds to the current body of knowledge by shining light on the factors that contribute to environmental degradation in Bangladesh. This article put forward policy recommendations aimed at sustainable development by establishing strong regulatory policy instruments to reduce environmental degradation.
10 Raihan, A.; Muhtasim, D. A.; Farhana, S.; Ul Hasan, Md A.; Pavel, M. I.; Faruk, O.; Rahman, M.; Mahmood, A. 2023. An econometric analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from different agricultural factors in Bangladesh. Energy Nexus, 9:100179. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100179]
Econometrics ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Climate change ; Renewable energy ; Sustainability ; Farmland ; Crop production ; Livestock ; Energy consumption ; Fertilizers ; Climate-smart agriculture ; Forest land ; Deforestation / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051810)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427123000098/pdfft?md5=9f4356626ac8a3692843f774afc24e42&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427123000098-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051810.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051810.pdf
(1.20 MB)
Global climate change triggered by greenhouse gases (GHGs) puts incomparable threats to the environment and food security. Agriculture is one of the key drivers of environmental deterioration, which is linked to GHG emissions and labeled ultrasensitive to climate change. However, there is a scarcity of research exploring the nexus between agriculture and GHG emissions in Bangladesh. Thus, the present study empirically investigates the dynamic impacts of agricultural land expansion, agricultural value added, crop production, livestock production, fisheries production, energy use in agriculture, fertilizer consumption, and forest land on GHG emissions in Bangladesh. Time series data from 1990 to 2018 were utilized by employing the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) approach. The empirical findings reveal that a 1% increase in agricultural land, crop production index, livestock production index, fisheries production, energy use in agriculture, and fertilizer consumption will increase GHG emissions by 0.25%, 0.29%, 0.40%, 0.18%, 0.46%, and 0.28% in the long run. Conversely, a 1% increase in agricultural value added and the forest land may lead to GHG emissions reduction by 0.32% and 1.44% in the long run. The estimated results are robust to alternative estimators such as fully modified least squares (FMOLS) and canonical cointegrating regression (CCR). This research contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the GHG emissions from the agriculture sector of Bangladesh. This article put forward policy recommendations on sustainable and climate-smart agriculture that would enhance productivity and resilience while reducing emissions from the agriculture sector.
11 Babel, M. S.; Rahman, M.; Budhathoki, A.; Chapagain, K. 2023. Optimization of economic return from water using water-energy-food nexus approach: a case of Karnafuli Basin, Bangladesh. Energy Nexus, 10:100186. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100186]
Water resources ; Water supply ; Energy consumption ; Food security ; Food production ; Nexus approaches ; Optimization methods ; Water allocation ; Models ; Economic aspects ; Indicators ; Socioeconomic development ; Water reservoirs ; Rainfall ; Surface water ; Water treatment ; Hydropower ; Crop production ; Water demand / Bangladesh / Karnafuli Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052073)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427123000165/pdfft?md5=668f9509518543bbf3ea380e8ec410b8&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427123000165-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052073.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052073.pdf
(5.08 MB) (5.08 MB)
This study evaluates the existing situation of the water energy and food resource interaction using an indicator-based approach and optimizes the resource use in the Karnafuli River Basin. A water allocation model based on an optimization tool, LINDO 6.1, with an objective function to maximize the economic return, is developed to allocate water to different water use sectors (domestic, agriculture, energy, industry, and environment) in the basin. It is observed that 14.58 m3 of water is required to generate 1 kWh of energy in Kaptai hydropower plant, while 4500 m3 of water is consumed to produce 1 ton of crops in the basin. Due to improper management, around 12,500 ha of land under the Karnafuli Irrigation Project remains un-irrigated, which can be cultivated with high-yield Boro crop. Results show that by prioritizing the agriculture sector, a maximum economic return of US$ 30.3 million can be obtained; however, with this only 55% of the satisfaction level is achieved for the environment sector. Systematic and integrated management of the resources is required in Karnafuli Basin for socioeconomic and sustainable development.
12 Haque, A.; Shampa; Akter, M.; Hussain, Md. M.; Rahman, Md. R.; Salehin, M.; Rahman, M.. 2024. An integrated risk-based early warning system to increase community resilience against disaster. Progress in Disaster Science, 21:100310. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2023.100310]
Disaster risk reduction ; Flood forecasting ; Communities ; Resilience ; Early warning systems ; Model ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Vulnerability ; Villages ; Indicators ; River water ; Water levels / Bangladesh / Kurigram
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052633)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590061723000376/pdfft?md5=40313c2dfaa230bcc2d53032aa35f8bf&pid=1-s2.0-S2590061723000376-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052633.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052633.pdf
(9.74 MB) (9.74 MB)
The need to integrate Early Warning System (EWS) with Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) has long been recognized in several global forums. In the year 2006, the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) proposed an Integrated Risk-based EWS (IR-EWS) by integrating four elements: (1) Monitoring and warning service; (2) Risk knowledge; (3) Dissemination and communication; and (4) Response capability. Nearly after two decades of the UNISDR proposal, our study finds that there are still gaps in making IR-EWS operational. Our study also finds that works on conceptualizing integration of resilience against disaster with EWS as part of DRR (in line with SDG-13) has not yet been started. Against this backdrop, in this study we developed an IR-EWS for flood termed as Dynamic Flood Risk Model (DFRM) which contains: (1) simple risk-based warning numbers which are easily understandable and communicable to the community, with risk considered as a proxy for resilience; and (2) capital-based action plans in relation to community capital to reduce disaster risk and increase community resilience against disaster. The DFRM is applied in two flood-prone districts in Bangladesh and found to be acceptable to the community with reasonable accuracy. The model is the customized version of flood for generic IR-EWS. This study can be considered as the first attempt of the next generation IR-EWS where risk is represented by simple warning numbers and where EWS (as part of DRR) can be applied to increase the resilience.
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