Your search found 68 records
1 Qadir, Manzoor; Oster, J. D. 2004. Crop and irrigation management strategies for saline-sodic soils and waters aimed at environmentally sustainable agriculture. Science of the Total Environment, 323:1-19.
Irrigation management ; Water reuse ; Water quality ; Soil salinity ; Sodic soils ; Sustainable agriculture ; Crop production
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G000 QAD Record No: H034769)
Irrigation has long played a key role in feeding the expanding world population and is expected to play a still greater role in the future.As supplies of good-quality irrigation water are expected to decrease in several regions due to increased municipal–industrial–agricultural competition, available freshwater supplies need to be used more efficiently.In addition, reliance on the use and reuse of saline andyor sodic drainage waters, generated by irrigated agriculture, seems inevitable for irrigation.The same applies to salt-affected soils, which occupy more than 20% of the irrigated lands, and warrant attention for efficient, inexpensive and environmentally acceptable management. Technologically and from a management perspective, a couple of strategies have shown the potential to improve crop production under irrigated agriculture while minimizing the adverse environmental impacts.The first strategy, vegetative bioremediation—a plant-assisted reclamation approach—relies on growing appropriate plant species that can tolerate ambient soil salinity and sodicity levels during reclamation of salt-affected soils.A variety of plant species of agricultural significance have been found to be effective in sustainable reclamation of calcareous and moderately sodic and saline-sodic soils.The second strategy fosters dedicating soils to crop production systems where saline andyor sodic waters predominate and their disposal options are limited.Pr oduction systems based on salttolerant plant species using drainage waters may be sustainable with the potential of transforming such waters from an environmental burden into an economic asset.Such a strategy would encourage the disposal of drainage waters within the irrigated regions where they are generated rather than exporting these waters to other regions via discharge into main irrigation canals, local streams, or rivers.Being economically and environmentally sustainable, these strategies could be the key to future agricultural and economic growth and social wealth in regions where saltaffected soils exist andyor where saline-sodic drainage waters are generated.
2 Ghafoor, A.; Qadir, Manzoor; Murtaza, G. 2004. Salt-affected soils: principles of management. Lahore, Pakistan: Allied Book Centre. xxv, 304p.
Soil management ; Soil degradation ; Soil properties ; Soil salinity ; Soil reclamation ; Soil classification ; Models ; Sodic soils ; Evaluation ; Crop production ; Waterlogging ; Irrigation management ; Water quality ; Water resource management ; Soil structure ; Analysis ; Environmental degradation
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.4 G730 GHA Record No: H035523)
3 Qadir, Manzoor; Schubert, S.; Stgeffens, D. 2005. Phytotoxic substances in soils. In Hillel, D. (Ed.). Encyclopedia of soils in the environment. Oxford, UK: Elsevier. pp.216-222.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.4 G000 QAD Record No: H038274)
4 Murtaza, G.; Ghafoor, A.; Qadir, Manzoor. 2006. Irrigation and soil management strategies for using saline-sodic water in a cotton– wheat rotation. Agricultural Water Management, 81(1-2):98-114.
Water quality ; Soil salinity ; Sodic soils ; Soil properties ; Soil management ; Cotton ; Wheat ; Economic evaluation / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H038441)
5 Ryan, J.; Masri, S.; Qadir, Manzoor. 2006. Nutrient monitoring of sewage water irrigation: Impacts for soil quality and crop nutrition. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 37:2513-2521.
Irrigated farming ; Water reuse ; Wastewater ; Sewage ; Nutrients ; Monitoring ; Soil properties ; Rivers / Middle East / Syria / Quake River / Aleppo
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.2 G746 RYA Record No: H039593)
6 Qadir, Manzoor; Noble, Andrew; Schubert, S.; Thomas, R. J.; Arslan, A. 2006. Sodicity-induced land degradation and its sustainable management: Problems and prospects. Land Degradation and Development, 17:661-676.
Soil properties ; Soil fertility ; Nitrogen ; Soil salinity ; Sodic soils ; Salinity control ; Crop production ; Irrigated farming ; Soil management / Australia
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.4 G000 QAD Record No: H039594)
7 Khan, M. A.; Ansari, R.; Gul, B.; Qadir, Manzoor. 2006. Crop diversification through halophyte production on salt-prone land resources. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 1(048):8p.
Crops ; Diversification ; Plants ; Halophytes ; Soil salinity ; Salinity control ; Irrigation management
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.2 G000 KHA Record No: H039596)
8 Vyshpolski, F.; Mukhamedjanov, K.; Bekbaev, U.; Qadir, Manzoor; Karimov, Akmal. 2006. Application of phosphogypsum to reclaim sodic soils in Southern Kazakhstan. In Russian. Bulletin of Agricultural Science, Kazakhstan, pp.37-40.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.4 G772 Record No: H039612)
9 Vyshpolsky, F. F.; Mukhamedjanov, K.; Bekbaev, U.; Qadir, Manzoor; Karimov, Akmal. 2006. Application of phosphogypsum for the amelioration of sealed soils of Southern Kazakhstan. Bulletin of Agricultural Sciences of Kazakhstan, 3:37-40.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.4 G772 VYS Record No: H039758)
10 Qadir, Manzoor; Oster, J. D.; Schubert, S.; Murtaza, G. 2006. Vegetative bioremediation of sodic and saline-sodic soils for productivity enhancement and environment conservation. In Ozturk, M.; Waisel, Y.; Khan, M. A.; Gork, G. (Eds.). Biosaline agriculture and salinity tolerance in plants. pp.137-146.
Soil management ; Soil salinity ; Sodic soils ; Bioremediation ; Irrigation management ; Grasses ; Wheat ; Millets ; Crop rotation
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.4 G000 QAD Record No: H039759)
11 Qadir, Manzoor; Sharma, Bharat R. 2005. Vegetative bioremediation of sodic and saline-sodic soils. In International Conference on Soil, Water and Environmental Quality: Issues and Strategies. Proceedings, New Delhi, India, 28 January – 1 February 2005. pp.276-291.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.4 G000 QAD Record No: H039760)
12 Qadir, Manzoor. 2007. ICARDA-IWMI Joint Program: Marginal-quality water resources and salt-affected soils. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Aleppo, Syria: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). 11p.
Research projects ; Water quality ; Soil salinity ; Wastewater ; Irrigation water / Central Asia / Syria / Uzbekistan / Turkmenistan / Kazakhstan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 630.7 G570 QAD Record No: H039858)
(923.54KB)
13 Qadir, Manzoor; Wichelns, D; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Minhas, P. S.; Drechsel, Pay; Bahri, Akissa; McCornick, Peter G.; Abaidoo, R.; Attia, F.; El-Guindy, S.; Ensink, J. H. J.; Jimenez, B.; Kijne, J. W.; Koo-Oshima, S.; Oster, J. D.; Oyebande, L.; Sagardoy, J. A.; van der Hoek, W. 2007. Agricultural use of marginal-quality water: opportunities and challenges. In Molden, David (Ed.). Water for food, water for life: a Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture. London, UK: Earthscan; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.425-457.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 630.7 G000 IWM Record No: H040204)
(1.53 MB)
14 Qadir, Manzoor; Schubert, S.; Badia, D.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; Murtaza, G. 2007. Amelioration and nutrient management strategies for sodic and alkali soils. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 2(021).13p.
Soil management ; Soil conservation ; Soil salinity ; Sodic soils ; Soil properties ; Soil fertility ; Tillage
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.4 G000 QAD Record No: H040446)
15 Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; McCornick, Peter G.; Qadir, Manzoor; Aslam, Z. 2008. Managing salinity and waterlogging in the Indus Basin of Pakistan. Agricultural Water Management, 95: 1-10.
River basins ; Salinity control ; Waterlogging ; Drainage ; Canals ; Groundwater ; Recharge ; Tube wells ; Irrigated farming / Pakistan / Indus Basin / Baluchistan / Sind / Punjab
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G730 QUR Record No: H040511)
Waterlogging and salinization are major impediment to the sustainability of irrigated lands and livelihoods of the farmers, especially the smallholders, in the affected areas of the Indus Basin. These problems are the result of a multitude of factors, including seepage from unlined earthen canals system, inadequate provision of surface and subsurface drainage, poor water management practices, insufficient water supplies and use of poor quality groundwater for irrigation. About 6.3 million ha are affected by different levels and types of salinity, out of which nearly half are under irrigated agriculture. Since the early 1960s, several efforts have been made to improve the management of salt-affected and waterlogged soils. These include lowering groundwater levels through deep tubewells, leaching of salts by excess irrigation, application of chemical amendments (e.g. gypsum, acids, organic matter), and the use of biological and physical methods. However, in spite of huge investments, the results have in general been disappointing and the problems of waterlogging and salinity persist. This paper reviews sources, causes and extent of salinity and waterlogging problems in the Indus Basin. Measures taken to overcome these problems over the last four decades are also discussed. The results reveal that the installed drainage systems were initially successful in lowering groundwater table and reducing salinity in affected areas. However, poor operation and maintenance of these systems and provision of inadequate facilities for the disposal of saline drainage effluent resulted in limited overall success. The paper suggests that to ensure the sustainability of irrigated agriculture in the Indus Basin, technical and financial support is needed and enhanced institutional arrangements including coordination among different federal and provincial government agencies to resolve inter-provincial water allocation and water related issues is required.
16 Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; Qadir, Manzoor; Heydari, N.; Turral, Hugh; Javadi, A. 2007. A review of management strategies for salt-prone land and water resources in Iran. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 24p. (IWMI Working Paper 125) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.303]
Water resource management ; Land management ; Leaching ; Drainage ; Sodic soils ; Soil reclamation ; Supplemental irrigation ; Irrigation programs / Iran / Zayandeh-Rud Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G690 QUR Record No: H040532)
(1.22MB)
Approximately half of the irrigated area of Iran falls under different types of salt-affected soils and average yield losses may be as high as 50 percent. Slightly and moderately salt-affected soils are mostly found on the piedmonts at the foot of the Elburz (Alborz) Mountains in the northern part of the country. The soils having severe to extreme salinity are predominantly located in the Central Plateau, the Khuzestan and Southern Coastal Plains and the Caspian Coastal Plain. The process of salinization of the surface water resources is mainly due to natural conditions, and to a lesser extent, to the discharge of drainage water into the river systems. Estimates show that about 6.7 km3 of brackish water flow annually through 12 major rivers. There is no straightforward solution to the complex problems of salt-induced soil and water resources degradation in Iran. The approaches addressing the management of these resources need to be multidimensional and must take into account biophysical and environmental conditions of the target areas as well as livelihood aspects of the associated communities
17 Qadir, Manzoor; Oster, J. D.; Schubert, S.; Noble, Andrew; Sahrawat, K. L. 2007. Phytoremediation of sodic and saline-sodic soils. Advances in Agronomy [ISI] [IF 3.114], 96:197-247. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(07)96006-X]
Bioremediation ; Soil management ; Sodic soils ; Soil salinity ; Soil properties ; Crop production ; Soil degradation ; Soil conservation ; Experiments ; History ; Soil-water-plant-relationships
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.4 G000 QAD Record No: H040552)
http://www.uni-giessen.de/plant-nutrition/Publ2007/Adv+Agron+2007.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H040552.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H040552.pdf
Sodicity-induced soil degradation is a major environmental constraint with severe negative impacts on agricultural productivity and sustainability in arid and semiarid regions. As an important category of salt-affected soils, sodic soils are characterized by excess levels of sodium ions (Naþ) in the soil solution phase as well as on the cation exchange complex, exhibiting unique structural problems as a result of certain physical processes (slaking, swelling, and dispersion of clay) and specific conditions (surface crusting and hardsetting). Saline-sodic soils, another category of salt-affected soils, are generally grouped with sodic soils because of several common properties and management approaches. Sodic and saline-sodic soils occur within the boundaries of at least 75 countries, and their extent has increased steadily in several major irrigation schemes throughout the world. The use of these soils for crop production is on the increase as they are a valuable resource that cannot be neglected, especially in areas where significant investments have already been made in irrigation infrastructure. It is imperative to find ways to improve sodic and saline-sodic soils to ensure that they are able to support highly productive land-use systems to meet the challenges of global food security. Nearly a century-old record reveals amelioration of sodic soils through the provision of a readily available source of calcium (Ca2þ) to replace excess Naþ on the cation exchange complex; the displaced Naþ subject to leaching from the root zone through the application of excess irrigation water in the presence of a drainage system. Many sodic soils do contain inherent or precipitated sources of Ca2þ, that is calcite (CaCO3), at varying depths within the soil profile. However, due to its negligible solubility, natural dissolution of calcite does not provide sufficient quantities of Ca2þ to affect soil amelioration with routine management practices. Consequently, amelioration of these soils has been predominantly achieved through the application of chemical amendments. However, amendment costs have increased prohibitively over the past two decades due to competing demands from industry and reductions in government subsidies for their agricultural use in several developing countries. In parallel, scientific research and farmers’ feedback have demonstrated that sodic soils can be brought back to a highly productive state through a plantassisted approach generically termed ‘‘phytoremediation.’’ Typical plant-based strategies for contaminated soils, such as those containing elevated levels of metals and metalloids, work through the cultivation of specific plant species capable of hyperaccumulating target ionic species in their shoots, thereby removing them from the soil. In contrast, phytoremediation of sodic soils is achieved by the ability of plant roots to increase the dissolution rate of calcite, thereby resulting in enhanced levels of Ca2þ in soil solution to effectively replace Naþ from the cation exchange complex. Phytoremediation has shown to be advantageous in several aspects: (1) no financial outlay to purchase chemical amendments, (2) accrued financial or other benefits from crops grown during amelioration, (3) promotion of soil-aggregate stability and creation of macropores that improve soil hydraulic properties and root proliferation, (4) greater plant-nutrient availability in soil after phytoremediation, (5) more uniform and greater zone of amelioration in terms of soil depth, and (6) environmental considerations in terms of carbon sequestration in the postamelioration soil. Phytoremediation is particularly effective when used on moderately salinesodic and sodic soils. It is a viable solution for resource-poor farmers through community-based management, which would help in strengthening the linkages among researchers, farm advisors, and farmers. These linkages will continue to be fostered as the use of sodic soils becomes more prevalent. The success of phytoremediation of sodic soils requires a greater understanding of the processes fostering phytoremediation, the potential of plant species to withstand ambient salinity and sodicity levels in soil and water, and also of the uses and markets for the agricultural products produced. Strategic research on such aspects would further elucidate the role of phytoremediation in the restoration of sodic soils for sustainable agriculture and conservation of environmental quality.
18 Qadir, Manzoor; Raschid Sally, Liqa; Drechsel, Pay. 2008. Wastewater use in agriculture: agronomic considerations. In Trimble, S. W. (Ed.). Encyclopedia of Water Science. New York, NY, USA: Taylor & Francis. pp.1296-1299.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 000 QAD Record No: H040555)
19 Qadir, Manzoor; Minhas, P. S. 2007. Wastewater use in agriculture: saline and sodic waters. In Trimble, S. W. (Ed.). Encyclopedia of water science. New York, USA: Taylor & Francis. pp.1307-1310.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G000 QAD Record No: H040595)
20 Vyshpolsky, F.; Qadir, Manzoor; Karimov, Akmal; Mukhamedjanov, K.; Bekbaev, U.; Paroda, R.; Aw-Hassan, A.; Karajeh, F. 2008. Enhancing the productivity of high-magnesium soil and water resources in Central Asia through the application of phosphogypsum. Land Degradation and Development, 19: 45–56.
Soil degradation ; Soil amendments ; Soil properties ; Soil salinity ; Water quality ; Cotton ; Yields ; Irrigation scheduling ; Economic analysis / Kazakhstan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.4 G772 VYS Record No: H040596)
Recent evidences from some irrigated areas worldwide, such as Central Asia, suggest that water used for irrigation contains magnesium (Mg2þ) at levels higher than calcium (Ca2þ). Excess levels of Mg2þ in irrigation water and/or in soil, in combination with sodium (Naþ) or alone, result in soil degradation because of Mg2þ effects on the soil’s physical properties. More than 30 per cent of irrigated lands in Southern Kazakhstan having excess levels of Mg2þ are characterized by low infiltration rates and hydraulic conductivities. The consequence has been a gradual decline in the yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), which is commonly grown in the region. These soils require adequate quantities of Ca2þ to mitigate the effects of excess Mg2þ. As a source of Ca2þ, phosphogypsum—a byproduct of the phosphorous fertilizer industry—is available in some parts of Central Asia. In participation with the local farming community, we carried out a 4-year field experiment in Southern Kazakhstan to evaluate the effects of soil application of phosphogypsum—0, 4_5, and 8_0 metric ton per hectare (t ha_1)—on chemical changes in a soil containing excess levels of Mg2þ, and on cotton yield and economics. The canal water had Mg2þ to Ca2þ ratio ranging from 1_30 to 1_66 during irrigation period. The application of phosphogypsum increased Ca2þ concentration in the soil and triggered the replacement of excess Mg2þ from the cation exchange complex. After harvesting the first crop, there was 18 per cent decrease in exchangeable magnesium percentage (EMP) of the surface 0_2m soil over the pre- experiment EMP level in the plots where phosphogypsum was applied at 4_5 t ha_1, and a 31 per cent decrease in EMP in plots treated with phosphogypsum at 8 t ha_1. Additional beneficial effect of the amendment was an increase in the soil phosphorus content. The 4-year average cotton yields were 2_6 t ha_1 with 8 t ha_1 phosphogypsum, 2_4 t ha_1 with 4_5 t ha_1 phosphogypsum, and 1_4 t ha_1 with the control. Since the amendment was applied once at the beginning, exchangeable Mg2þ levels tended to increase 4 years after its application, particularly in the treatment with 4_5 tha_1 phosphogypsum. Thus, there would be a need for phosphogypsum application to such soils after every 4–5 years to optimize the ionic balance and sustain higher levels of cotton production. The economic benefits from the phosphogypsum treatments were almost twice those from the control.
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