Your search found 3 records
1 Naidu, R.; Smith, E.; Owens, G.; Bhattacharya, P.; Nadebaum, P. (Eds.) 2006. Managing arsenic in the environment: From soil to human health. Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO. xv, 656p.
Arsenic ; Public health ; Risks ; Water pollution ; Soil degradation ; Environmental effects ; Aquifers ; Groundwater ; Rice ; Crops ; Water purification
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 615.925715 G000 NAI Record No: H038355)
2 Murtaza, G.; Ghafoor, A.; Owens, G.; Qadir, Manzoor; Kahlon, U. Z. 2009. Environmental and economic benefits of saline-sodic soil reclamation using low-quality water and soil amendments in conjunction with a rice-wheat cropping system. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 195:124-136. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2008.00350.x]
Cropping systems ; Crop rotation ; Crop management ; Rice ; Wheat ; Plant growth ; Saline sodic soils ; Soil reclamation ; Soil management ; Soil sampling ; Soil properties ; Leaching ; Irrigation water ; Water quality ; Infiltration ; Experiments ; Irrigated farming / Pakistan / Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042131)
(0.36 MB)
A combination of appropriate crop rotation(s) and management interventions has the potential to transform saline-sodic soil and water resources from an environmental burden into an economic asset. We carried out 2-year field studies in the Indus Basin of Pakistan to evaluate different irrigation and soil management options of using saline-sodic waters (SSW) and soils for reclamation and for growing salt-tolerant cultivars of rice (SSRI-8) and wheat (SIS-32). These soils have variable levels of salinity and sodicity (ECe 9–44 dS m)1 and SAR 83–319). The treatments on both the sites were the same and consisted of: (1) Irrigation with SSW, (2) Irrigation with freshwater (FW), (3) Soil application of gypsum at 100 % gypsum requirement of soil + SSW (G + SSW), (4) G + one irrigation with SSW and one with FW (G + 1SSW + 1FW), (5) G + two irrigations with SSW and one with FW (G + 2SSW + 1FW), (6) Farm manure at 25 Mg ha)1 each year before rice + one irrigation with SSW and one with (FW FM + 1SSW + 1FW) and (7) FM + two irrigations with SSW and one with FW (FM + 2SSW + 1FW). Rice was grown as the first crop. After harvesting final wheat crop (fourth in sequence), maximum decrease in bulk density and increase in infiltration rate was observed with G + 1SSW + 1FW while FM + 1SSW + 1FW treatment showed higher decrease in pHs and ECe. Significantly the highest decrease in SAR occurred at both sites with G + 1SSW + 1FW. Maximum yields of rice and wheat were generally observed with G + 1SSW + 1FW. The crop yield and economic benefits with treatments showed a positive correlation with that of improvement in soil physical and chemical properties. Overall, the greatest net benefit was obtained from G + 1SSW + 1FW treatment. We also found that the farmers’ management skills were crucial in the overall success in improving crop yields during reclamation of saline-sodic soils. Based on the results of this study, we propose that SSW could be used to reclaim saline-sodic soils by using a rice–wheat rotation and a site-specific combination of soil amendments and water application strategies.
3 Murtaza, G.; Ghafoor, A.; Qadir, Manzoor; Owens, G.; Aziz, M. A.; Zia, M. H.; Saifullah. 2010. Disposal and use of sewage on agricultural lands in Pakistan: a review. Pedosphere, 20(1):23–34.
Heavy metals ; Health hazards ; Water quality ; Sewage ; Soil properties ; Vegetable growing ; Wastewater irrigation / Pakistan / Faisalabad / Peshawar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042869)
(0.14 MB)
Raw sewage is widely used on agricultural soils in urban areas of developing countries to meet water shortages. Although it is a good source of plant nutrients, such sewage also increases the heavy metal load to soils, which may impact the food chain. Management options for sewage contaminated soils includes addition of nontoxic compounds such as lime, calcium sulfate and organic matter, which form insoluble metal complexes, thus reducing metal phytoavailability to plants. In this paper we review the variation in irrigation quality of sewage at different sites and its impact on the quality of soils and vegetables. Although quality of sewage was highly variable at source, yet the effluent from food industries was relatively safe for irrigation. In comparison effluent samples collected from textile, dyeing, calendaring, steel industry, hospitals and clinical laboratories, foundries and tanneries were hazardous with respect to soluble salts, sodium adsorption ratio and heavy metals like zinc, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, cobalt and cadmium. The sewage quality in main drains was better than that at the industry outlet, but was still not safe for irrigation. In general, higher accumulation of metals in fruits and vegetable roots was recorded compared to that in plant leaves. Edible parts of vegetables (fruits and/or leaves) accumulated metals more than the permissible limits despite the soils contained ammonium bicarbonate diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid extractable metals within a safe range. In either case further scientific investigations are needed to ensure safe management strategies. Cadmium appeared to be the most threatening metal especially in leafy vegetables. It is advisable to avoid leafy vegetables cultivation in sewage irrigated areas everywhere to restrict its entry into food chain.
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