Your search found 22 records
1 Liu, Y.; Steenhuis, T. S.; Yves Parlange, J. 1994. Closed-form solution for finger width in sandy soils at different water contents. Water Resources Research, 30(4):949-952.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H014676)
2 Teixeira, J. L.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, H. J.; Pereira, L. S. 1996. Evaluation of the ISAREG irrigation scheduling model in the North China Plain. In Camp, C. R.; Sadler, E. J.; Yoder, R. E. (Eds.), Evapotranspiration and irrigation scheduling: Proceedings of the International Conference, November 3-6, 1996, San Antonio Convention Center, San Antonio, Texas. St. Joseph, MI, USA: ASAE. pp.632-638.
Irrigation scheduling ; Evaluation ; Simulation models ; Water balance ; Soil moisture ; Maize ; Wheat / China / Portugal / Tunisia / North China Plain
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.1 G000 CAM Record No: H020639)
3 Liu, Y.; Minsker, B. S. 2002. Efficient multiscale methods for optimal in situ bioremediation design. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 128(3):227-236.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H029974)
4 Liu, Y.; Minsker, B. S. 2004. Full multiscale approach for optimal control of in situ bioremediation. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 130(1):26-32.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H033916)
5 Liu, Y.; Cai, J. B.; Li, Y. N.; Bai, M. J.; Xu, D. 2003. Assessment of crop irrigation requirements and improvements in surface irrigation in Bojili Irrigation District. In Pereira, L. S.; Cai, L. G.; Musy, A.; Minhas, P. S. (Eds.), Water savings in the Yellow River Basin: Issues and decision support tools in irrigation. Beijing, China: China Agriculture Press. pp.131-152.
Irrigated farming ; Water conservation ; Surface irrigation ; Irrigation scheduling ; Irrigation requirements ; Soil water ; Evapotranspiration ; Water table ; Simulation models ; Experiments ; Infiltration / China / Yellow River Basin / Bojili Irrigation District
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7 G592 PER Record No: H040065)
6 Fernando, R. M.; Pereira, L. S.; Liu, Y.; Li, Y. N.; Cai, L. G. 1998. Reduced demand irrigation scheduling under constraint of the irrigation method. In Pereira, L. S.; Gowing, J. W. (Eds.). Water and the environment: Innovation issues in irrigation and drainage: Selected papers of the 1st Inter-Regional Conference “Environment-Water: Innovative Issues in Irrigation and Drainage,” Lisbon, Portugal, Sept. 1998. London, UK: E & FN Spon. pp.407-414.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.1 G000 PER Record No: H039052)
7 Pereira, L. S.; Gonc alves, J. M.; Campos, A. A.; Fabiao, M. S.; Paredes, P.; Mao, Z.; Dong, B.; Liu, Y.; Li, Y. N.; Fang, S. X. 2003. Irrigation water saving issues in the Yellow River Basin: a case study in Huinong Irrigation District. In Yellow River Conservancy Commission. Proceedings, 1st International Yellow River Forum on River Basin Management – Volume III. Zhengzhou, China: The Yellow River Conservancy Publishing House. pp.17-36.
River basins ; Irrigation scheduling ; Basin irrigation ; Simulation models ; Irrigation canals ; Water conservation ; Wheat ; Maize ; Evapotranspiration / China / Yellow River / Huinong / Ningxia / Bojili / Shandong
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G592 YEL Record No: H034654)
8 Sun, R.; Liu, Y.; Qian, Y.; Villholth, K. G. 2009. Agricultural groundwater issues in North China: a case study from Zhengzhou municipal area. In Mukherji, Aditi; Villholth, K. G.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Wang, J. (Eds.) Groundwater governance in the Indo-Gangetic and Yellow River basins: realities and challenges. London, UK: CRC Press. pp.183-200. (IAH Selected Papers on Hydrogeology 15)
Irrigated farming ; Tube wells ; Ownership ; Cost recovery ; Groundwater management ; Groundwater development ; Water law ; Water governance ; Drilling ; Aquifers ; Water pollution ; Water shortage ; Water table ; Villages ; Groundwater recharge ; Discharges ; Farm income ; Crop management / China / Zhengzhou / Xinmi County / Xingyang County
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.6.3 G570 MUK Record No: H042229)
9 Easter, K. W.; Liu, Y.. 2005. Cost recovery and water pricing for irrigation and drainage projects. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank. 62p. (Agriculture and Rural Development Discussion Paper 26)
Costs ; Prices ; Irrigation water ; Drainage ; Investment ; Farmers ; Water use efficiency ; Water market ; Water supply ; Water use ; Guidelines ; Case study / Brazil / Bulgaria / China / Egypt / India / Indonesia / Iran / Macedonia / Mexico / Morocco / Nepal / Niger / Pakistan / Philippines / Spain / Sri Lanka / United States
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046176)
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTARD/Resources/Cost_Recovery_final.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046176.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046176.pdf
(0.29 MB) (296.80 KB)
The objective of this paper is to develop guidelines for improving cost recovery and reducing water use per unit of output. The guidelines were developed from a review of studies of irrigation reforms and interviews of 20 World Bank staff members with responsibility for irrigation sector reforms in countries from Asia to Latin America (names listed in Appendix 1). From these studies and interviews, we distilled specific reforms that are important in improving cost recovery or reducing water use, or both. Reforms needed by individual countries or projects will depend on their institutional arrangements as well as the type of irrigation and its physical condition. The second section of the paper begins by listing some reasons for low collections and provides an overview of some of the reforms that have raised collection rates. In the next section, the authors review cost-recovery principles and provide some examples of what different countries have done to recover project costs and collect water charges from users. The focus in the fourth section is on designing water charges or water markets that will give farmers an incentive to make better use of their water by reducing the amount of water used per unit of output. In the fifth section, case studies are used to determine what reforms can help improve cost recovery and increase collection rates. In addition, water pricing reforms are identified that will encourage farmers to reduce their water use per unit of output. The final section provides a summary of the reforms that are important for increasing cost recovery and encouraging farmers to improve their use of water.
10 Wang, R.; Liu, Y.. 2020. Recent declines in global water vapor from MODIS products: artifact or real trend? Remote Sensing of Environment, 247:111896. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111896]
Water vapour ; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ; Models ; Evaluation ; Remote sensing ; Satellites ; Climate change ; Trends ; Observation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049758)
(6.62 MB)
Atmospheric water vapor plays a key role in the global water and energy cycles. Accurate estimation of water vapor and consistent representation of its spatial-temporal variation are critical to climate analysis and model validation. This study used ground observational data from global radiosonde and sunphotometer networks to evaluate MODIS (MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) precipitable water vapor (PWV) products for 2000–2017. The products included the thermal-infrared (TIR) (Collection 6, C006) and its updated version (Collection 061, C061), and near-infrared (NIR) products (C061). Our results demonstrated that compared to its earlier version subject to sensor crosstalk problem, the C061_TIR data showed improved accuracy in terms of bias, standard deviation, mean absolute error, root mean square error, and coefficient of determination, regression slope and intercept. Among the PWV products, C061_NIR data achieved the best overall performance in accuracy evaluation. The C061_NIR revealed the PWV had a multi-year average of 2.50 ± 0.08 cm for the globe, 2.03 ± 0.06 cm for continents, and 2.70 ± 0.09 cm for oceans in 2000–2017. The PWV values yielded an increasing rate of 0.015 cm/year for the globe, 0.010 cm/year for continents, and 0.017 cm/year for oceans. Nearly 98.95% of the globe showed an increasing trend, 80.74% of statistical significance, mainly distributed within and around the tropical zones. The findings should be valuable for understanding of global water and energy cycles.
11 Zhang, Y.; Chen, G.; Vukomanovic, J.; Singh, K. K.; Liu, Y.; Holden, S.; Meentemeyer, R. K. 2020. Recurrent Shadow Attention Model (RSAM) for shadow removal in high-resolution urban land-cover mapping. Remote Sensing of Environment, 247:111945. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111945]
Land cover mapping ; Imagery ; Urban development ; Landscape ; Remote sensing ; Semantic standard ; Databases ; Models ; Suburban areas / USA / North Carolina / Raleigh / Durham / Chapel Hill
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049774)
(7.14 MB)
Shadows are prevalent in urban environments, introducing high uncertainties to fine-scale urban land-cover mapping. In this study, we developed a Recurrent Shadow Attention Model (RSAM), capitalizing on state-of-the-art deep learning architectures, to retrieve fine-scale land-cover classes within cast and self shadows along the urban-rural gradient. The RSAM differs from the other existing shadow removal models by progressively refining the shadow detection result with two attention-based interacting modules – Shadow Detection Module (SDM) and Shadow Classification Module (SCM). To facilitate model training and validation, we also created a Shadow Semantic Annotation Database (SSAD) using the 1 m resolution (National Agriculture Imagery Program) NAIP aerial imagery. The SSAD comprises 103 image patches (500 × 500 pixels each) containing various types of shadows and six major land-cover classes – building, tree, grass/shrub, road, water, and farmland. Our results show an overall accuracy of 90.6% and Kappa of 0.82 for RSAM to extract the six land-cover classes within shadows. The model performance was stable along the urban-rural gradient, although it was slightly better in rural areas than in urban centers or suburban neighborhoods. Findings suggest that RSAM is a robust solution to eliminate the effects in high-resolution mapping both from cast and self shadows that have not received equal attention in previous studies.
12 Nguyen, T. T.; Ngo, H. H.; Guo, W.; Nguyen, H. Q.; Luu, C.; Dang, K. B.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, X. 2020. New approach of water quantity vulnerability assessment using satellite images and GIS-based model: an application to a case study in Vietnam. Science of The Total Environment, 737:139784. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139784]
Water resources ; Vulnerability ; Assessment ; Geographical information systems ; Satellite imagery ; Remote sensing ; Climate change ; Drought stress ; Indicators ; Case studies ; Models / Vietnam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049781)
(4.05 MB)
Water deficiency due to climate change and the world's population growth increases the demand for the water industry to carry out vulnerability assessments. Although many studies have been done on climate change vulnerability assessment, a specific framework with sufficient indicators for water vulnerability assessment is still lacking. This highlights the urgent need to devise an effective model framework in order to provide water managers and authorities with the level of water exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity and water vulnerability to formulate their responses in implementing water management strategies. The present study proposes a new approach for water quantity vulnerability assessment based on remote sensing satellite data and GIS ModelBuilder. The developed approach has three layers: (1) data acquisition mainly from remote sensing datasets and statistical sources; (2) calculation layer based on the integration of GIS-based model and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's vulnerability assessment framework; and (3) output layer including the indices of exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity and water vulnerability and spatial distribution of remote sensing indicators and these indices in provincial and regional scale. In total 27 indicators were incorporated for the case study in Vietnam based on their availability and reliability. Results show that the most water vulnerable is the South Central Coast of the country, followed by the Northwest area. The novel approach is based on reliable and updated spatial-temporal datasets (soil water stress, aridity index, water use efficiency, rain use efficiency and leaf area index), and the incorporation of the GIS-based model. This framework can then be applied effectively for water vulnerability assessment of other regions and countries.
13 Liu, Y.; Zhang, J.-y.; Elmahdi, Amgad; Yang, Q.-l.; Guan, X.-x.; Liu, C.-s.; He, R.-m.; Wang, G.-q. 2021. Transferability of a lumped hydrologic model, the Xin’anjiang model based on similarity in climate and geography. Water Supply, 21(5):2191-2201. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.055]
Hydrology ; Models ; Watersheds ; Catchment areas ; Climatic zones ; Geography ; Rivers ; Runoff ; Discharges ; Precipitation ; Forecasting ; Experimentation / China / Chuzhou / Chengxi Experimental Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050320)
https://iwaponline.com/ws/article-pdf/21/5/2191/920069/ws021052191.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050320.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050320.pdf
(0.52 MB) (532 KB)
Hydrological experiments are essential to understanding the hydrological cycles and promoting the development of hydrologic models. Model parameter transfers provide a new way of doing hydrological forecasts and simulations in ungauged catchments. To study the transferability of model parameters for hydrological modelling and the influence of parameter transfers on hydrological simulations, the Xin’anjiang model (XAJ model), which is a lumped hydrologic model based on a saturation excess mechanism that has been widely applied in different climate regions of the world, was applied to a low hilly catchment in eastern China, the Chengxi Experimental Watershed (CXEW). The suitability of the XAJ model was tested in the eastern branch catchment of CXEW and the calibrated model parameters of the eastern branch catchment were then transferred to the western branch catchment and the entire watershed of the CXEW. The results show that the XAJ model performs well for the calibrated eastern branch catchment at both daily and monthly scales on hydrological modelling with the NSEs over 0.6 and the REs less than 2.0%. Besides, the uncalibrated catchments of the western branch catchment and the entire watershed of the CSEW share similarities in climate (the precipitation) and geography (the soil texture and vegetation cover) with the calibrated catchment, the XAJ model and the transferred model parameters can capture the main features of the hydrological processes in both uncalibrated catchments (western catchments and the entire watershed). This transferability of the model is useful for a scarce data region to simulate the hydrological process and its forecasting.
14 Han, Z.; Huang, S.; Huang, Q.; Leng, G.; Liu. Y.; Bai, Q.; He, P.; Liang, H.; Shi, W. 2021. GRACE-based high-resolution propagation threshold from meteorological to groundwater drought. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 307:108476. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108476]
Groundwater ; Drought ; Meteorological factors ; River basins ; Water storage ; Precipitation ; Vegetation ; Soil moisture ; Satellites ; Observation ; Models / China / Xijiang River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050424)
(11.50 MB)
Groundwater drought could cause tremendous damage to the social-economy via land subsidence, seawater intrusion and permanent loss of aquifer storage capacity, and often show strong association with meteorological drought. To date, the threshold for meteorological drought triggering groundwater drought and its dominant factors have been not clarified, which inhibits the effective groundwater drought risk management based on preceding meteorological drought information. In this study, we used the Standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the drought severity index of groundwater storage anomalies (GWSA-DSI) to characterize meteorological and groundwater droughts in the Xijiang River Basin (XRB) of China, respectively. A probabilistic framework is proposed to identify the high-resolution propagation thresholds from meteorological to groundwater drought on 0.25° grid. Results show that GWSA-DSI can reliably identify groundwater drought events, and the propagation time from meteorological to groundwater drought ranges from 8 to 42 months. Although the XRB is located in a humid region with abundant precipitation, the probability of groundwater drought occurrence reached 43.8%, 54.8%, 61.2%, and 64.2% under a light, moderate, severe and extreme meteorological drought event, respectively. The propagation threshold triggering light groundwater drought is mainly dominated by moderate and severe meteorological droughts, which showed an increasing trend from central to southeast of XRB. Soil evaporation and watershed elevation are the main influencing factors on the propagation threshold. It is worth noting that anthropogenic overexploitation of groundwater not only destroy the dynamic balance of regional groundwater system, but also interfere with the propagation processes of meteorological to groundwater drought. The results have great implications for more reliably monitoring and predicting the dynamics of groundwater systems under drought stress, and our proposed framework can also be extended to other regions.
15 Liu, Z.; Liu, Y.; Wang, J. 2021. A global analysis of agricultural productivity and water resource consumption changes over cropland expansion regions. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 321:107630. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2021.107630]
Agricultural productivity ; Water resources ; Water use ; Farmland ; Spatial analysis ; Ecosystems ; Land use change ; Land cover ; Grasslands ; Precipitation ; Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050681)
(7.26 MB)
Cropland expansion often occurs on grasslands and partial forests. However, there is little quantified understanding of how cropland expansion affected the agricultural productivity and water resource consumption globally. In this study, we used spatially explicit satellite-based data, including land use maps, net primary productivity and evapotranspiration from 2001 to 2018, and the space-for-time substitution technique to investigate the relationships between cropland expansion and agricultural productivity and water resource consumption. Results showed that global cropland area presented a significant net increasing trend with 1.9 × 104 km2/a (p < 0.01) since 2000. Net increased cropland area over the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere occupied 27.1% and 72.9% of global total net increase, respectively. Large-area cropland expansion mainly focused on Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, Eastern Europe, Southern America, and Northern America. Particularly, cropland expansion in the Southern America deserved the greatest attention. At the global scale, new expanded croplands caused average NPP decrease and average ET decrease compared to original ecosystems, but performances were evident differences in subregions. Cropland expansion in the Southern America evidently decreased NPP and ET compared to other places. In contrast, new expanded croplands in most subregions of Asia and Northern America performed higher the agriculture productivity, while the increases were done at the expense of more water resource consumption. Although cropland expansion only slightly decreased NPP compared to original ecosystems globally, new expanded croplands often occurred in water-limited or temperature-limited areas according to precipitation and temperature gradations. This study suggests that cropland expansion should more consider sustainable land use and development, and reduce the risks of cropland expansion on natural ecosystems as much as possible.
16 Ahmed, Z.; Gui, D.; Qi, Z.; Liu, Y.. 2022. Poverty reduction through water interventions: a review of approaches in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Irrigation and Drainage, 20p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2680]
Poverty reduction ; Water resources ; Rural communities ; Livelihoods ; Irrigated farming ; Small scale systems ; Irrigation schemes ; Groundwater irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation water ; Infrastructure ; Water scarcity ; Rainwater ; Livestock ; Socioeconomic impact / Africa South of Sahara / South Asia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050938)
(1.11 MB)
Water is a key factor in attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of poverty elimination and hunger eradication. The regions of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia (SA) are stricken with absolute poverty, with 70% of the world's poor. These regions are mainly dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. Diverse rural livelihoods in SSA and SA demand water interventions with more fruitful and effective outcomes in terms of poverty reduction. Existing water resources are not yet fully exploited in SSA and SA as these regions have a significant potential of 43 and 169 million ha, respectively, for irrigated agriculture through various water interventions. Various water interventions to alleviate poverty through better agricultural productivity across SSA and SA have been identified in this study. Major water intervention options identified include actions to: improve rain water management in rain-fed agriculture, facilitate community-based small-scale irrigation schemes, development and management of groundwater irrigation, interventions to upgrade and modernize existing irrigation systems, facilitate and improve livestock production and promote multiple uses of water. Investment in these water interventions will certainly help to break the poverty trap across diverse rural communities of SSA and SA.
17 Liu, Y.; Liu, Y.; Wang, W.; Fan, X.; Cui, W. 2022. Soil moisture droughts in East Africa: spatiotemporal patterns and climate drivers. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 40:101013. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101013]
Soil moisture ; Drought ; Spatial distribution ; Climate change ; Precipitation ; Evapotranspiration ; Air temperature ; Rain ; Forecasting ; Remote sensing ; Datasets / East Africa / Sudan / Ethiopia / Somalia / Uganda / Kenya / United Republic of Tanzania / Burundi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050997)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221458182200026X/pdfft?md5=b96959552f701dd770e537a59907b2bd&pid=1-s2.0-S221458182200026X-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050997.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050997.pdf
(14.90 MB) (14.9 MB)
Study region: East Africa (EA).
Study focus: The current poor capability of drought resistance and the high dependence of local residents on agriculture and animal husbandry initiated a comprehensive understanding of soil moisture (SM) droughts in EA. Previous lower-order subspace drought investigations that have neglected the space–time continuity of actual droughts hindered deeper knowledge of droughts. To fill this gap, this study investigated the SM droughts in EA from a space–time joint perspective, focusing on drought spatiotemporal patterns and variations, and climate drivers.
New hydrological insights for the region: Based on the space–time joint approach, 582 drought clusters and 226 events over 1979–2014 were identified. Spatially, historical droughts presented a dual-centre pattern in the northwest and southeast; they were characterised by high frequency, long duration, and large severity, driven by the climate forcing of precipitation (Prep) and temperature (Temp). This pattern differed seasonally due to the major control of Prep and the partly strengthening effect of Temp. Temporally, seasonal droughts displayed significant (p < 0.05) increasing/decreasing trends in summer/autumn. Regarding the climate drivers, the partial least squares regression approach was first employed in the space–time continuous drought domain. The innovative method clarified the contribution of different climate elements to SM droughts and recognised the critical climate drivers of Prep, wind speed, and downward radiation. The results provides important implications for drought mechanism exploration and drought prediction.
Study focus: The current poor capability of drought resistance and the high dependence of local residents on agriculture and animal husbandry initiated a comprehensive understanding of soil moisture (SM) droughts in EA. Previous lower-order subspace drought investigations that have neglected the space–time continuity of actual droughts hindered deeper knowledge of droughts. To fill this gap, this study investigated the SM droughts in EA from a space–time joint perspective, focusing on drought spatiotemporal patterns and variations, and climate drivers.
New hydrological insights for the region: Based on the space–time joint approach, 582 drought clusters and 226 events over 1979–2014 were identified. Spatially, historical droughts presented a dual-centre pattern in the northwest and southeast; they were characterised by high frequency, long duration, and large severity, driven by the climate forcing of precipitation (Prep) and temperature (Temp). This pattern differed seasonally due to the major control of Prep and the partly strengthening effect of Temp. Temporally, seasonal droughts displayed significant (p < 0.05) increasing/decreasing trends in summer/autumn. Regarding the climate drivers, the partial least squares regression approach was first employed in the space–time continuous drought domain. The innovative method clarified the contribution of different climate elements to SM droughts and recognised the critical climate drivers of Prep, wind speed, and downward radiation. The results provides important implications for drought mechanism exploration and drought prediction.
18 Zhang, J.; Zhu, J.; Liu, Y.; Lu, N.; Fang, W. 2022. The economic impact of payments for water-related ecosystem services on protected areas: a synthetic control analysis. Water Resources Management, 36(5):1535-1551. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-022-03099-z]
Payment for Ecosystem Services ; Water resources ; Economic impact ; Economic development ; Economic growth ; Gross national product ; Policies ; Towns ; Case studies / China / Shaanxi / Hubei / Henan / Gansu / Sichuan / Hanzhong / Ankang / Shangluo / Danjiangkou Reservoir
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051072)
(3.30 MB)
Payments for Water-Related Ecosystem Services (PWES) are increasingly popular for promoting water ecological conservation, and their impact on development is of considerable interest. This study estimates the economic impact of PWES on protected areas using the synthetic control method. Taking the Middle Route of the South to North Water Diversion Project in China as a case study, we find that the per capita GDP in protected areas increased markedly relative to synthetic control regions, and PWES had a positive economic impact. Additionally, we conducted many placebo tests to verify the validity and robustness of the results. We believe that the main factor responsible for the positive effect lies in developing the ecological-economic industrial system. This study provides a baseline for synthetic control analysis of PWES to compare regions of interest with their counterfactuals. The case study findings provide reference for the economic development of protected areas.
19 Liu, Y.; Shang, C. 2022. Application of blockchain technology in agricultural water rights trade management. Sustainability, 14(12):7017. (Special issue: Sustainable Water Resources Technology and Management) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127017]
Water rights ; Agriculture ; Blockchain technology ; Trade ; Water resources ; Sustainability ; Irrigation ; Decentralization ; Autonomous organization
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051197)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/12/7017/pdf?version=1654679826
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051197.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051197.pdf
(2.33 MB) (2.33 MB)
Water is a basic and essential natural resource, and its rational allocation plays a key role in environmental and economic sustainable development. Agriculture consumes a large share of water resources, but the allocation of water rights often deviates from water use in reality. Therefore, an appropriate management method for agricultural water rights trading is needed. In this paper, blockchain technology is applied to address the agricultural water rights trading issue. Firstly, an alliance chain and the practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) consensus mechanism are adopted to support a smart contract and application. Then, a trading platform based on blockchain for agricultural water rights trading is proposed. Finally, the role and function of a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) in a self-financing irrigation drainage district (SIDD) are clarified. This study provides a secure and stable platform which can reduce the trading confirmation time and support numerous users. The trading process of agricultural water rights is updated to minimize the cost of water rights’ transactions and improve the system’s efficiency.
20 Gong, B.; Liu, Z.; Liu, Y.; Zhou, S. 2023. Understanding advances and challenges of urban water security and sustainability in China based on water footprint dynamics. Ecological Indicators, 150:110233. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110233]
Water security ; Sustainability ; Water footprint ; Water deficit ; Landscape ; Water pollution ; Towns ; Policies ; Water resources ; Water use ; Surface water ; Precipitation ; Sewage treatment / China
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051851)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X23003758/pdfft?md5=ba7a578381a185737d690626b44fcbee&pid=1-s2.0-S1470160X23003758-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051851.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051851.pdf
(16.90 MB) (16.9 MB)
Sustainability of China’s numerous cities are threatened by both quantity- and quality-induced water scarcity, which can be measured by the water footprint from a consumption (WFcons) or production (WFprod) perspective. Although WFcons was widely assessed, the changes in WFprod of China’s cities were still unclear. A large-scale decrease in urban WFprod in China was found, with the average WFprod decreasing from 13.8 billion m3 to 10.3 billion m3 and the per capita WFprod decreasing from 1614.8 m3/person to 1184.0 m3/person (i.e., falling by more than a quarter in just six years). Such shrinkage was particularly evident in drylands, eliminating the water deficit in Xi’an and Xining. The reduction in grey WFprod caused by implementing water pollution prevention policies and other relevant measures played the most important role in the savings. In the future, the implementation of updated pollution discharge standards is projected to allow more cities to escape water deficits; however, the rapid growth of the domestic and ecological blue WFprod caused by urbanization and urban greening would destabilize this prospect. Thus, attention should be given to both water pollution prevention and domestic and ecological blue WFprod restriction to further alleviate urban water scarcity in China.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
