Your search found 4 records
1 Ley, T. W.; El-Kady, M.; Litwiller, K. E.; Hanson, E.; Braunworth, W. S.; El-Falaky, A.; Wafik, E. 1984. The influence of farm irrigation system design and precision land leveling on irrigation efficiency and irrigation water management. Cairo, Egypt: Egypt Water Use and Management Project. xii, 97p. (EWUP technical report no.41)
Farming ; Irrigation design ; Gravity flow ; Flood irrigation ; Water management ; Field tests ; Water use efficiency / Egypt
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.1 G232 LEY Record No: H0161)
The results of EWUP studies at each of three locations in Egypt: El-Mansuriya, Kafr El-Shiek and El-Minya, to characterize the conventional farm irrigation systems used by farmers in each area are summarized. The method used is surface gravity flooding of small, flat basins or small basins with short furrows. Numerous irrigation field trials on farms at the three EWUP study areas have been conducted. The practices tested included precision land levelling to dead level; level border strip or level long furrow irrigation system design; and teaching and advising farmers concerning improved on-farm water management practices in the use of the improved systems. Results were found to be highly successful when the spatial and temporal variations in farm irrigation system design factors were properly accounted for. A significant factor is the need to continue working with the farmer after system construction, teaching and advising him of improved management practices with the new systems. EWUP experience has shown that when farmers are well advised in using the new systems improved results are significant.
2 Litwiller, K. E.; El-Kady, M.; Gates, T. K.; Hanson, E. G. 1984. The relation between irrigation water management and high water tables in Egypt. Cairo, Egypt: Egypt Water Use and Management Project. x, 83p. (EWUP technical report no.61)
Evapotranspiration ; Irrigation practices ; Percolation ; Water management ; Canals ; Drainage ; Maintenance / Egypt
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.1 G232 LIT Record No: H0157)
(1.27 MB)
High water table levels presenting hazards to crop growth were measured at field sites in upper, middle, and lower Egypt. Water table contribution to evapotranspiration was significant at each site. A water balance model of the water table aquifer was used to predict the effect of various interventions on water table levels. Desirable lower water table levels could not be maintained through on-farm irrigation efficiency improvement including lining of on-farm channels while using surface irrigation methods. Branch, distributary, and private canal lining would have negligible effect on water table levels. Corresponding increases in required water deliveries would be expected.
3 Hanson, E. G.; El-Kady, M.; Litwiller, K. E.; Early, A. C. 1984. Impact of turnout size and condition on water management on farms. Cairo: Egypt Water Use and Management Project. vi, 29p. (EWUP technical report no.71)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.6.2 G232 HAN Record No: H033)
The following report describes the legal irrigation throughout turnouts to mesgas and reviews the design assumptions, legal implications and current utility of the existing methods in Egypt. The legal limitations currently imposed upon the turnouts, based on specific site measurements, are presented, together with the responses from the Ministry of Irrigation and farmers to the inadequacies of the current turnouts. Data collected from the field sites indicates the necessity of increasing the size of turnouts in accordance with irrigation demands for the season and crops grown throughout Egypt. The recommended larger capacity turnouts with adjustable gates includes the design modification requirements of modified inlet shapes and provision for trash guards. These larger gated turnouts will require an irrigation technician to assume the responsibility of the current gatekeeper function and to interface with the farmers regarding their irrigating scheduling. In addition to recommendations regarding closer management between the irrigation technician and the farmers, it is suggested that training centers be established to assist in the development of water distribution management methods between the irrigation engineers and the water user associations.
4 Litwiller, K. E.; Tinsley, R. L.; Deweeb, H. H.; Ley, T. W. 1984. Infiltration studies on Egyptian vertisols. Cairo: Egypt Water Use and Management Project. ix, 66p. (EWUP technical report no.57)
Infiltration ; Soil water ; Water table ; Surface drainage ; Water distribution ; Water management / Egypt
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.2 G232 LIT Record No: H037)
Twenty-one cylinder infiltration tests were conducted during irrigation of wheat on the shrinking/swelling vertisol soils of Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt. Infiltration rates decreased rapidly from 720 mm/ hr for the first minute to 7.2 mm/hr at 2 hours elapsed time, with 1/3 of the tests showing soil sealing. In the majority of tests a well-defined two phase cumulative infiltration curve was determined. Significant correlations of antecedent soil moisture content in the 0-100 mm and 0-200 mm soil depth at the phase change, and average infiltration rate during the first phase were found. The first phase of infiltration was considered to represent flow of water through the soil macropores in the drier upper layer and water through the soil macropores. The second phase represented vertical flow into the wetter lower soil layers and filling of the finite storage space above the high water table. The analysis indicated a design application depth for wheat of not less than 120 mm for the first irrigation and 55 mm for subsequent irrigations under prevailing Abu Raya irrigation practices. Good water distribution across the field was facilitated by low long-term infiltration rates and high water table conditions. With the low second phase infiltration rates, water ponded in field depressions for prolonged periods could be detrimental to crops and requires provision for surface drainage. Precision land levelling would reduce this hazard.
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