Your search found 23 records
1 Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; Oweis, T.; Karimi, Poolad; Porehemmat, J. 2009. Water productivity of irrigated wheat and maize in the Karkheh River Basin of Iran. Irrigation and Drainage, 59(3):264–276. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.481]
River basins ; Irrigation practices ; Groundwater irrigation ; Wheat ; Maize ; Crop production ; Crop yield ; Productivity / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H040615)
(0.21 MB)
Karkheh River Basin (KRB) is the third largest and most productive river basin of Iran. The major agricultural issue of KRB is low water use efficiencies. Farmers’ irrigation practices are aimed at maximizing crop production through excessive use of irrigation water resulting in huge water losses. As the opportunities for water resources development in KRB are very limited, improving the productivity of existing water resources is the most attractive option to produce more food for the increasing population. This paper analyzes water productivity of irrigated wheat and maize in the KRB. The results reveal that farmers having access to groundwater tend to apply higher irrigation amounts. Relatively higher crop yields in irrigated areas are also linked to higher nitrogen use, which can create serious problems of groundwater contamination in future. Due to excessive use of groundwater and fertilizer, production costs have increased resulting in low gross margins (farm incomes). The study suggests that increase in charges for surface water use removal of subsidies on electricity will discourage excessive use of water for agriculture. Furthermore, farmers should be trained to optimize irrigation water and fertilizer application in order to save scarce water resources and reduce production costs and increase farm returns. These steps are of great importance for ensuring sustainability of irrigated agriculture and to alleviate poverty in rural areas of KRB.
2 Gamage, M. S. D. Nilantha; Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Karimi, Poolad. 2007. Estimating cropped area and yield using time series of MODIS imagery based vegetation index in Gamasiab Sub-Basin of Karkheh River Basin, Iran. Sri Lanka Journal of Geo-Informatics, 4: 39-55.
Crop yield ; Wheat ; Vegetation index ; Remote sensing ; Models ; Time series ; River basins / Iran / Karkheh River Basin / Gamasiab Sub Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.1 G690 GAM Record No: H041435)
3 Masih, Ilyas; Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Turral, Hugh; Uhlenbrook, S.; Karimi, Poolad. 2008. Understanding hydrologic variability for better surface water allocations in Karkheh Basin Iran. Paper presented at the 13th IWRA World Water Congress on Global Changes and Water Resources, "Confronting the expanding and diversifying pressures", Montpellier, France, 1-4 September 2008. 15p.
River basin management ; Hydrology ; Surface water ; Water allocation ; Water balance ; Precipitation ; Stream flow / Iran / Karkheh Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 551.483 G690 MAS Record No: H041523)
http://www.worldwatercongress2008.org/resource/authors/abs823_article.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041523.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041523.pdf
Water-limited environments occupy about half of the global land area and are highly sensitive to change due to scarcity and variable distribution of water and nutrients. The Karkheh basin in Iran is in a water limited region which exhibits increasing competition for scarce water resources between irrigation, domestic, hydropower and environmental needs. Increasing demands for water are making sustainable water management more and more difficult particularly because of lack of understanding of basin hydrology and impacts of water resource development on different users across the basin. An in-depth study was conducted to examine the inter-annual and long-term variability of surface water resource using daily stream flow data from 1961 to 2001 at seven key locations across the Karkheh basin. The water accounting at basin scale was carried out using the available information for the water year 1993-94, which is considered in Iran as the reference year for future development and allocation of water resources in the Karkheh basin. The analysis reveals that water allocation planning on the basis of mean annual surface water availability can only provide a supply security of about 45 %, ranging from 40 to 52 percent. Although, the water allocations to different sectors are lower than the available resources and the competition among different sectors of water use is minimal during the study period, it would be extremely difficult to meet the demands in future i.e. by 2025, as planned allocation will reach close to the annual renewable water resources available in an average climatic year. The competition among irrigation and other sectors will keep increasing in future, particularly during dry years. The analysis conducted in this study is helpful in gaining further insights into the hydrological variability of surface water resources and incorporating it into water development and allocation strategies that will contribute in ensuring the sustained productivity from irrigated agriculture and other uses of water in the coming decades.
4 Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Islam, Aminul; Masih, Ilyas; Muthuwatta, Lal; Karimi, Poolad; Turral, Hugh. 2008. Mapping basin level water productivity using remote sensing and secondary data in the Karkheh River Basin, Iran. Paper presented at the 13th IWRA World Water Congress on Global Changes and Water Resources, "Confronting the expanding and diversifying pressures", Montpellier, France, 1-4 September 2008. 13p.
Water productivity ; Evapotranspiration ; Mapping ; River basins ; Farming systems / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9162 G690 AHM Record No: H041537)
Water productivity (WP) mapping is essential to evaluate the performance of current water use at the river basin scale. WP mapping is also essential to identify opportunities to improve the net gain from water by either increasing the productivity for a given consumption of water or reducing consumption without decreasing production. This requires the computation of all benefits and overall water use at a similar spatial domain. Generally the secondary data related to agricultural, livestock and poultry production are managed at administrative district level, whereas hydrological data are collected at sub-watershed scale. This scale difference, hinders estimation at hydrological scales such as sub-catchment to river basin. Due to these limitations, estimates of WP beyond field and farm scale usually do not exist, as is the case of the Karkheh River basin of Iran. To address these issues, in this paper we demonstrate an approach to estimate WP at different scales using a range of datasets. To understand the productivity gaps within and between sub-basins of the Karkheh Basin, we assessed land and water productivity for major crops using a questionnaire survey of 298 farmers. The farm-level land and water productivity in irrigated areas was considerably higher than in rainfed areas. The yield of irrigated wheat and its WP, in terms of yield per unit of gross inflow, averaged 3320±1510 kg/ha and 0.55±0.20 kg/m3, whereas the corresponding values for rainfed wheat were 1460±580 kg/ha and 0.46±0.22 kg/m.For analysis from sub-catchment to basin scale, we assessed economic WP, in terms of gross value of production per unit of actual evapotranspiration, for all agricultural enterprises including rainfed and irrigated agriculture, livestock production and overall vegetation production using remote sensing data and routine secondary data/agricultural statistics. The sub-catchment estimates show that the water productivity variability is quite high: 0.027-0.071 $/m3 and 0.120-0.524 $/m3 for rainfed and irrigated systems respectively. Inclusion of livestock changes both the magnitude and patterns of overall water productivity and in doing so highlights the importance of fully accounting for all components in agricultural production systems. The WP mapping exercise presented in this paper identified both bright- and hot-spots for helping policy makers and managers to target better resource (re)allocation and measures to enhance productivity in the Karkheh Basin. The approach is applicable to other river basins.
5 Masih, Ilyas; Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Uhlenbrook, S.; Turral, Hugh; Karimi, Poolad. 2009. Analysing streamflow variability and water allocation for sustainable management of water resources in the semi-arid Karkheh river basin, Iran. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 34(4-5):329-340. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2008.09.006]
River basins ; Surface water ; Assessment ; Stream flow ; Analysis ; Water allocation ; Water accounting / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041662)
(0.84 MB)
This study provides a comprehensive spatio-temporal assessment of the surface water resources of the semi-arid Karkheh basin, Iran, and consequently enables decision makers to work towards a sustainable water development in that region. The analysis is based on the examination of statistical parameters, flow duration characteristics, base flow separation and trend analysis for which data of seven key gauging stations were used for the period of 1961–2001. Additionally, basin level water accounting was carried out for the water year 1993–94. The study shows that observed daily, monthly and annual streamflows are highly variable in space and time within the basin. The streamflows have not been changed significantly at annual scale, but few months have shown significant trends, most notably a decline during May and June and an increase during December and March. The major causes were related to changes in climate, land use and reservoir operations. The study concludes that the water allocations to different sectors were lower than the totally available resources during the study period. However, looking at the high variability of streamflows, changes in climate and land use and ongoing water resources development planning, it will be extremely difficult to meet the demands of all sectors in the future, particularly during dry years.
6 Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Islam, Aminul; Masih, Ilyas; Muthuwatta, Lal P.; Karimi, Poolad; Turral, Hugh. 2008. Water productivity mapping to identify opportunities to improve agricultural water management in the Karkheh River Basin, Iran. In Humphreys, E.; Bayot, R. S.; van Brakel, M.; Gichuki, F.; Svendsen, M.; Wester, P.; Huber-Lee, A.; Cook, S. Douthwaite, B.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Johnson, N.; Nguyen-Khoa, Sophie; Vidal, A.; MacIntyre, I.; MacIntyre, R. (Eds.). Fighting poverty through sustainable water use: proceedings of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food, 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10-14 November 2008. Vol.1. Keynotes; Cross-cutting topics. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. pp.119-122.
River basin management ; Water productivity ; Mapping ; Rainfed farming ; Irrigated farming ; Evapotranspiration / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G000 HUM Record No: H041785)
http://ifwf2.org/addons/download_presentation.php?fid=1042
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041785.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041785.pdf
7 Masih, Ilyas; Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Uhlenbrook, S.; Turral, Hugh; Karimi, Poolad. 2008. Overview of streamflow variability and water accounts for the Karkheh Basin, Iran. In Humphreys, E.; Bayot, R. S.; van Brakel, M.; Gichuki, F.; Svendsen, M.; Wester, P.; Huber-Lee, A.; Cook, S. Douthwaite, B.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Johnson, N.; Nguyen-Khoa, Sophie; Vidal, A.; MacIntyre, I.; MacIntyre, R. (Eds.). Fighting poverty through sustainable water use: proceedings of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food, 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10-14 November 2008. Vol.3. Water benefits sharing for poverty alleviation and conflict management; Drivers and processes of change. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. pp.32-37.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G000 HUM Record No: H041850)
http://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/3708/IFWF2_proceedings_Volume%20III.pdf?sequence=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041850.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041850.pdf
(0.27 MB)
8 Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Islam, Aminul; Masih, Ilyas; Muthuwatta, Lal P.; Karimi, Poolad; Turral, Hugh. 2009. Mapping basin-level water productivity using remote sensing and secondary data in the Karkheh River Basin, Iran. Water International, 34(1):119-133. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060802663903]
River basins ; Water productivity ; Mapping ; Remote sensing ; Livestock ; Crop production ; Plant water relations ; Water allocation ; Climate ; Catchment areas ; Water use ; Evapotranspiration ; Rainfed farming ; Irrigated farming / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042128)
9 Cai, Xueliang; Karimi, Poolad; Masiyandima, Mutsa; Sally, Hilmy. 2010. Agricultural water productivity in the Limpopo River Basin: more produce per drop? In Institute of Water and Sanitation Development. 11th WaterNet/WARFSA/GWP-SA Symposium, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, 27-29 October 2010. IWRM for national and regional integration: where science, policy and practice meet: water and land. Harare, Zimbabwe: Institute of Water and Sanitation Development (IWSD) pp.5-18.
River basins ; Water use ; Crop production ; Precipitation ; Remote sensing ; Water balance ; Evapotranspiration ; Water productivity / Africa / Limpopo River Basin / Southern Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043388)
http://www.waternetonline.ihe.nl/11thSymposium/WaterandLandFullPapers2010.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043388.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043388.pdf
(1.03 MB)
The increasing water scarcity and food demand has put enormous pressure on water management in the Limpopo basin, where rainfed agriculture predominates. This study analyzed basin water consumption against precipitation generated from remote sensing imagery integrated with weather data, which was linked to crop water productivity maps. The time series actual ET (ETa) and reference ET (ETo) maps were then overlaid together with precipitation data from Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) to assess the evolution of water balance components in the basin. The relation between water balance components and water productivity were then analyzed to assess the factors affecting water productivity and the scope for improvement. The basin average ETa is 779 mm, only 46% of ETo. The ETa of cropland varies significantly across the basin, which is attributed to varying water availability conditions. The basin crop water productivity is very low with great variation, which could be explained by low yields as a result of variable rainfall patterns and lack of other production inputs. The fluctuant prices of maize at local market also had significant impact on water productivity.
10 Cai, Xueliang; Sharma, Bharat R.; Karimi, Poolad. 2010. Agricultural water use in two diverse river basins: a quick comparison of the Limpopo and the Indo-Gangetic basins. [Abstract only]. In ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA). CTA Annual Seminar, Closing the Knowledge Gap: Integrated Water Management for Sustainable Agriculture, Johannesburg, South Africa, 22–26 November 2010. Abstracts. Wageningen, Netherlands: ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA). pp.26.
Irrigation water ; Water use ; Evapotranspiration ; Crop production ; Water productivity ; River basins / Africa / Africa South of Sahara / India / Limpopo River Basin / Indo-Gangetic River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 630 G100 TEC Record No: H043474)
(0.06 MB) (652.11 KB)
11 Cai, Xueliang; Molden, David; Mainuddin, M.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Karimi, Poolad. 2011. Producing more food with less water in a changing world: assessment of water productivity in 10 major river basins. Water International, 36(1):42-62. (Special issue on "Water, food and poverty in river basins, Part 2: Cross-basin analysis and synthesis" with contributions by IWMI authors). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2011.542403]
River basins ; Water productivity ; Food security ; Crop production ; Livestock ; Fisheries / Asia / Africa / South America
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H043504)
(4.46 MB)
This article summarizes the results of water productivity assessment in 10 river basins across Asia, Africa and South America, representing a range of agro-climatic and socio-economic conditions. Intensive farming in the Asian basins gives much greater agricultural outputs and higher water productivity. Largely subsistence agriculture in Africa has significantly lower water productivity. There is very high intra-basin variability, which is attributed mainly to lack of inputs, and poor water and crop management. Closing gaps between “bright spots” and the poorly performing areas are the major tasks for better food security and improved livelihoods, which have to be balanced with environmental sustainability.
12 Karimi, Poolad; Molden, David; Bastiaanssen, W. 2011. Mapping crop water productivity in the Nile Basin through combined use of remote sensing and census data. In ICID. 21st Congress on Irrigation and Drainage: Water Productivity towards Food Security, Tehran, Iran, 15-23 October 2011. New Delhi, India: ICID. pp.137-148. (ICID Transaction No. 30-A)
Crops ; Water productivity ; Mapping ; River basins ; Remote sensing ; Data ; Land productivity ; Land use ; Land cover ; Evapotranspiration ; Farming systems ; Irrigated farming ; Rainfed farming ; Pricing ; Economic aspects / Africa / Ethiopia / Egypt / Sudan / Burundi / Rwanda / Tanzania / Eritrea / Kenya / Zaire / Uganda / Nile River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044424)
http://www.irncid.org/GetFileArticles.aspx?FilePrm=7048_68836.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044424.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044424.pdf
(1.24 MB) (2.22MB)
Remote sensed imagery in combination with secondary agricultural statistic was used to map crop water productivity (WP) in the Nile River Basin. Land productivity and crop tandardized gross value production (SGVP) were calculated at administrative level using the agricultural census data. Actual evapotranspiration (Eta) generated from remote sensing was used to assess crops consumptive water use. WP was then calculated by dividing SGVP by Eta in the cropped areas. Results show land productivity has a huge variation across the basin. SGVP per hectare in the basin varies from 20 $/ha to 1833 $/ha. Likewise SGVP, water productivity in the basin is highly variable. It ranges from 0.01 $/m3 to 0.2 $/m3. Observed patterns in the water productivity indicate that WP differences in the Nile basin are highly related to crop yield, which varies in different regions and also in irrigated and rainfed systems. Similarly, overall low WP is because of low yields, chiefly rainfed agriculture. This indicates that there is scope for enhancing WP in the Nile Basin through expanding irrigated agriculture and generally increasing yield.
13 Karimi, Poolad; Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; Bahramloo, R.; Molden, David. 2012. Reducing carbon emissions through improved irrigation and groundwater management: a case study from Iran. Agricultural Water Management, 108:52-60. (Special issue on "Irrigation efficiency and productivity: scales, systems and science" with contributions by IWMI authors). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2011.09.001]
Water resources ; Water management ; Groundwater management ; Groundwater irrigation ; Water use ; Water productivity ; Water balance ; Pumping ; Irrigated farming ; Irrigation water ; Carbon ; Case studies ; Crops ; Yields ; River basins ; Energy consumption ; Models / Iran / Gamasiab River Basin / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H044810)
(0.93 MB)
Groundwater irrigation consumes considerable energy as well as water resources across the globe. Using a case study from Iran, this paper explores how enhanced farm water management can help in reducing groundwater exploitation and subsequently limiting energy consumption and the carbon footprint of the groundwater economy. Groundwater use for irrigated agriculture in Iran has increased vastly over the last three decades. We estimate that groundwater pumping consumes 20.5 billion kWh electricity and 2 billion liters of diesel and contributes to 3.6% of the total carbon emission of the country. Thus there is an opportunity to reduce energy use and carbon emissions by pumping less water. However, groundwater use remains important for food security. To identify opportunities for water conservation within agricultural elds, the SWAP model was applied to simulate crop growth and eld water balance for three major irrigated crops, i.e. wheat, maize, and sugar beet in the Gamasiab River Basin, one of the highest groundwater using irrigated areas of Iran. The model simulations showed that by adopting improved irrigation schedules and improving farm application ef ciencies, water productivity will increase, and irrigation water withdrawals from groundwater can be reduced signi cantly with no reduction in yields. While these improvementsmay ormay not resultinwater saving and retarding the groundwater decline, depending on the fate of excess application, they will have signi cant water quality, energy, and carbon implications. Such reduction in irrigation application can result in 40% decline in energy consumption and subsequently carbon emission of groundwater use.
14 Cai, Xueliang; Molden, David; Mainuddin, M.; Sharma, Bharat; Ahmad, M. D.; Karimi, Poolad. 2012. Producing more food with less water in a changing world: assessment of water productivity in 10 major river basins. In Fisher, M.; Cook, Simon (Eds.). Water, food and poverty in river basins: defining the limits. London, UK: Routledge. pp.280-300.
Water management ; Water productivity ; Water consumption ; Water use ; River basins ; Crop production ; Food security ; Assessment ; Sustainable development ; Socioeconomic development ; Livestock ; Fisheries ; Climate change ; Evapotranspiration ; Irrigation / China / Southeast Asia / South Asia / Iran / Africa / Yellow River Basin / Mekong River Basin / Indus River Basin / Ganges River Basin / Karkheh River Basin / Nile River Basin / Limpopo River Basin / Niger River Basin / Volta River Basin / Andes River Basins
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044848)
(1.64 MB)
15 Karimi, Poolad; Molden, David; Bastiaanssen, W.; Cai, Xueliang. 2012. Water accounting to assess use and productivity of water: evolution of a concept and new frontiers. In Godfrey, J. M.; Chalmers, K. (Eds.). Water accounting: international approaches to policy and decision-making. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. pp.76-88.
Water management ; Water scarcity ; Water accounting ; Indicators ; Water use ; Water productivity ; River basins ; Flow discharge / Iran / Africa / Karkheh River Basin / Nile River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044960)
(2.02 MB)
16 Karimi, Poolad; Molden, David; Notenbaert, A.; Peden D. 2012. Nile Basin farming systems and productivity. In Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Molden, David; Peden D. (Eds.). The Nile River Basin: water, agriculture, governance and livelihoods. Abingdon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.133-153.
River basins ; Farming systems ; Irrigated farming ; Rainfed farming ; Agricultural production ; Crops ; Water productivity ; Economic aspects ; Rain water harvesting ; Land productivity ; Fisheries ; Aquaculture / Africa / Sudan / Egypt / Gezira Scheme / Nile River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H045315)
(1.61MB)
17 Karimi, Poolad; Bastiaanssen, W. G. M.; Molden, D. 2013. Water accounting plus (WA+) – a water accounting procedure for complex river basins based on satellite measurements. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 17(7):2459-2472. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2459-2013]
Water management ; Water accounting ; Water depletion ; Water storage ; Flow discharge ; Indicators ; River basins ; Satellite surveys ; Land use ; Evapotranspiration ; Ecosystems / Australia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045939)
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/17/2459/2013/hess-17-2459-2013.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045939.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045939.pdf
(0.90 MB) (931.98KB)
Coping with water scarcity and growing competition for water among different sectors requires proper water management strategies and decision processes. A prerequisite is a clear understanding of the basin hydrological processes, manageable and unmanageable water flows, the interaction with land use and opportunities to mitigate the negative effects and increase the benefits of water depletion on society. Currently, water professionals do not have a common framework that links depletion to user groups of water and their benefits. The absence of a standard hydrological and water management summary is causing confusion and wrong decisions. The non-availability of water flow data is one of the underpinning reasons for not having operational water accounting systems for river basins in place. In this paper, we introduce Water Accounting Plus (WA+), which is a new framework designed to provide explicit spatial information on water depletion and net withdrawal processes in complex river basins. The influence of land use and landscape evapotranspiration on the water cycle is described explicitly by defining land use groups with common characteristics. WA+presents four sheets including (i) a resource base sheet, (ii) an evapotranspiration sheet, (iii) a productivity sheet, and (iv) a withdrawal sheet. Every sheet encompasses a set of indicators that summarise the overall water resources situation. The impact of external (e.g., climate change) and internal influences (e.g., infrastructure building) can be estimated by studying the changes in theseWA+ indicators. Satellite measurements can be used to acquire a vast amount of required data but is not a precondition for implementingWA+ framework. Data from hydrological models and water allocation models can also be used as inputs to WA+.
18 Karimi, Poolad; Bastiaanssen, W. G. M.; Molden, D.; Cheema, M. J. M. 2013. Basin-wide water accounting based on remote sensing data: an application for the Indus Basin. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 17(7):2473-2486. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2473-2013]
River basins ; Water accounting ; Indicators ; Groundwater ; Water storage ; Water depletion ; Remote sensing ; Data ; Land use ; Land cover ; Evapotranspiration ; Precipitation ; Biomass / Pakistan / India / China / Afghanistan / Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045940)
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/17/2473/2013/hess-17-2473-2013.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045940.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045940.pdf
(1.82 MB) (1.84MB)
The paper demonstrates the application of a new water accounting plus (WA+) framework to produce information on depletion of water resources, storage change, and land and water productivity in the Indus basin. It shows how satellite-derived estimates of land use, rainfall, evaporation (E), transpiration (T ), interception (I ) and biomass production can be used in addition to measured basin outflow, for water accounting with WA+. It is demonstrated how the accounting results can be interpreted to identify existing issues and examine solutions for the future. The results for one selected year (2007) showed that total annual water depletion in the basin (501 km3) plus outflows (21 km3) exceeded total precipitation (482 km3). The water storage systems that were effected are groundwater storage (30 km3), surface water storage (9 km3), and glaciers and snow storage (2 km3). Evapotranspiration of rainfall or “landscape ET” was 344 km3 (69% of total depletion). “Incremental ET” due to utilized flow was 157 km3 (31% of total depletion). Agriculture depleted 297 km3, or 59% of the total depletion, of which 85% (254 km3) was through irrigated agriculture and the remaining 15% (44 km3) through rainfed systems. Due to excessive soil evaporation in agricultural areas, half of all water depletion in the basin was non-beneficial. Based on the results of this accounting exercise loss of storage, low beneficial depletion, and low land and water productivity were identified as the main water resources management issues. Future scenarios to address these issues were chosen and their impacts on the Indus Basin water accounts were tested using the new WA+ framework.
19 Karimi, Poolad. 2014. Water accounting plus for water resources reporting and river planning. [PhD thesis funded by IWMI through the CGIAR Research Programme on Water Land and Ecosystems] Delft, Netherlands: Delf University of Technology. 158p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.4233/uuid:3e51a4d9-bfd8-49c0-8100-73fb46bdebc2]
Water accounting ; Water resources ; Water use ; River basins ; Evapotranspiration ; Indicators ; Precipitation ; Remote sensing ; Rain ; Spatial distribution ; Data ; Land use ; Land cover ; Biomass ; Groundwater ; Water storage ; Hydrology ; Satellite observation ; Measurement ; Case studies / Pakistan / Ethiopia / Indus Basin / Awash Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046456)
http://repository.tudelft.nl/assets/uuid:3e51a4d9-bfd8-49c0-8100-73fb46bdebc2/Poolad_KARIMI_PhD_Thesis.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046456.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046456.pdf
(11.93 MB) (11.93 MB)
20 Karimi, Poolad. 2014. Water accounting plus for water resources reporting and river planning. [PhD thesis funded by IWMI through the CGIAR Research Programme on Water Land and Ecosystems] Delft, Netherlands: Delf University of Technology. 158p.
Water accounting ; Water resources ; Water use ; River basins ; Evapotranspiration ; Indicators ; Precipitation ; Remote sensing ; Rain ; Spatial distribution ; Data ; Land use ; Land cover ; Biomass ; Groundwater ; Water storage ; Hydrology ; Satellite observation ; Measurement ; Case studies / Pakistan / Ethiopia / Indus Basin / Awash Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI c2 Record No: H046457)
(11.93 MB)
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
