Your search found 20 records
1 Kuma, B.; Baker, D.; Getnet, Kindie; Kassa, B. 2010. Determinants of fluid milk purchasing sources in Ethiopia. Journal of Agriculture and Development, 1(2):25-42.
Milk production ; Milk consumption ; Households ; Economic aspects ; Income ; Developing countries ; Social aspects ; Models / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044731)
(0.06 MB)
This study investigated main determinants affecting fluid milk purchasing sources of households in Wolaita zone, Ethiopia. From the collected household survey data, a multinomial logit model was estimated to analyze households‘ choices among processed, unprocessed and both processed-unprocessed fluid milk sources within the utility maximization framework. The results indicate that households with at least a child under the age of six, who rejects the statement ‘price of processed fluid milk is expensive compared with unprocessed fluid milk’, indigenous or native resident type and no order from doctor to consume fluid milk were more likely to purchase processed-unprocessed over processed fluid milk. Household heads whose education levels are formal and higher, lower income, who accept the statement ‘price of processed fluid milk is expensive compared with unprocessed fluid milk’, indigenous or native resident type, no order from doctor to consume fluid milk and reject the statement processed fluid milk fattens children were more likely to purchase unprocessed fluid milk over processed. Households without child under the age of six, lower income level and rejects the statement ‘processed fluid milk fattens their children’ were more likely to purchase unprocessed fluid milk over processed-unprocessed. The implications of these results for dairy value chain actors in developing countries are discussed.
2 Ejigu, Z.; Getnet, Kindie. 2011. Economic impact of agricultural cooperatives on smallholder farmers: Ethiopian case. Saarbrucken, Germany: VDM Verlag Publishing. 84p.
Economic impact ; Agricultural cooperatives ; Smallholders ; Case studies ; Income ; Households ; Indicators ; Prices ; Marketing / Ethiopia / Toke Kutaye Wereda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044735)
(0.90 MB)
3 Getnet, Kindie; MacAlister, Charlotte. 2012. Integrated innovations and recommendation domains: paradigm for developing, scaling-out, and targeting rainwater management innovations. Ecological Economics, 76:34-41. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.02.003]
Rain water management ; Water harvesting ; Rainfed farming ; Ecological factors ; Agronomic practices ; Technology ; Indicators ; Economic aspects ; Corporate culture
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044800)
(0.39 MB)
The technical, economic, and ecological aspects of rainwater management are interlinked and spatially bounded. Developing, scaling-out, and targeting rainwater management innovations as adaptive strategies to upgrade rainfed agriculture are therefore preferably best approached through integrated innovations and recommendation domains as a paradigm. At the level of scenario development, the integrated innovations paradigm helps to understand and address integrity between technical, economic, and ecological issues that affect technology adoption, impact, and sustained use. At the level of scaling-out and targeting, recommendation domains provide the spatial dimension that embraces the economic, institutional, biophysical, and agro-ecological conditions in which integrated rainwater management innovations can be accommodated to address heterogeneity. This paper reviews Ethiopia's experience in rainwater management (adoption, performance, and impact) to get insights about the proposed paradigm and the factors entering the aradigm.The findings suggest that integrated innovations and the conditions of success embraced in a recommendation domain provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for a successful rainwater management intervention at a landscape level.
4 Getnet, Kindie; Anullo, T. 2012. Agricultural cooperatives and rural livelihoods: evidence from Ethiopia. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 83(2):181-198. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8292.2012.00460.x]
Agricultural cooperatives ; Organizations ; History ; Rural areas ; Rural development ; Poverty ; Farmers ; Households ; Income ; Costs ; Socioeconomic development ; Indicators / Ethiopia / Boricha district / Sidama zone
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044833)
(0.50 MB)
Agricultural cooperatives are important rural organizations supporting livelihood development and poverty reduction. In recognition of such roles of cooperatives, Ethiopia showed a renewed interest in recent years in promoting cooperative sector development. However, there is lack of a wider and systematic analysis to produce sufficient empirical evidence on the livelihood development and poverty reduction impacts of cooperatives in the country. Using a matching technique on rural household income, saving, agricultural input expenditure and asset accumulation as indicator variables, this paper evaluates the livelihood impact of agricultural cooperatives in Sidama zone, Ethiopia. The finding shows that cooperatives improved the livelihoods of service user farmers through impacting better income, more savings and reduced input costs. In view of such evidence, further promotion, deepening and supporting of agricultural cooperatives is recommended.
5 Kuma, B.; Getnet, Kindie; Baker, D.; Kassa, B. 2011. Determinants of participation decisions and level of participation in farm level milk value addition: the case of smallholder dairy farmers in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 2(2):19-30.
Livestock ; Dairy farms ; Milk production ; Farmer participation ; Decision making ; Smallholders ; Value added product ; Models / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044906)
(0.15 MB)
On-farm value addition to farm products is recognized and highly promoted through value chain approaches for its benefit in terms of improving farm income. Growing demand and high price for value added milk products, together with the availability of ample livestock resources, would provide opportunities for smallholder farmers in Ethiopia to diversify their livelihoods. Nevertheless, their participation in milk value addition is perceived to be generally low. Apart from farm household characteristics, organizational and institutional issues influence farmers’ participation decisions and level of participation in-farm level milk value addition. By analyzing survey data using Heckman two-stage selection model, this article identified determinants of participation decisions and level of participation in-farm level milk value addition by smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. The first-stage probit model estimation results indicate that milk yield, distance from urban centers, household demography (age and child), livestock extension services, the need to extend shelf life, consideration of milk products for social factors such as holidays and fasting, and availability of labor for milk value addition determined household’s decision to add values to milk. The results also show that most of the factors determining decision of participation in milk value addition also determined the level of participation.
6 Bedemo, A.; Getnet, Kindie; Kassa, B. 2013. Determinants of labor market participation choice of farm households in rural Ethiopia: multinomial logit analysis. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4(1):133-141.
Labor market ; Farms ; Households ; Income ; Rural areas ; Models / Ethiopia / Guto Gida District / Gida Ayana District / Jima Arjo District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045702)
http://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEDS/article/download/4108/4132
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045702.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045702.pdf
(0.44 MB) (441.75KB)
This paper examines the determinants of labor market participation decision of farm households in rural Ethiopia using sample household survey data collected from the study area. Factors affecting households’ probability of participation in a particular labor market regime were analyzed using descriptive data and multinomial logit model. The overall result of the analysis indicated that farm households in the study area integrate into labor markets as buyers or sellers of labor. Specifically, the probability of a household to choose a particular labor market regime was related to initial differences in resource endowments, household composition and characteristics, farm attributes and location characteristics. The finding that households integrate into labor markets as buyers or sellers has considerable policy implications with regards to the distribution of benefits that may arise from policy interventions, were the rural labor market serves as a mechanism through which the distribution of benefits from such interventions are realized.
7 Bedemo, A.; Getnet, Kindie; Kassa, B.; Chaurasia, S. P. R. 2013. Off-farm labor supply decision of adults in rural Ethiopia: double hurdle approach. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 2(4):154-165.
Off farm employment ; Labor ; Rural areas ; Poverty ; Households ; Gender ; Agricultural production ; Farm income ; Models / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045830)
http://www.academeresearchjournals.org/download.php?id=523057913107166150.pdf&type=application/pdf&op=1=
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045830.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045830.pdf
(0.41 MB) (415.73KB)
This article examined the determinants of off-farm labor supply decision of adult members of households in rural western Ethiopia using cross-section data collected from 324 sample households. The double hurdle model was employed and the off-farm work participation and hours of work decision of male and female adults were jointly estimated. The result indicated that individual characteristics, household composition, availability of credit, value of off-farm equipment and location factors significantly influenced participation decision; yet, individual attributes, economic incentives and location were the major determinants of hours of work decisions. The findings imply that given the importance of off-farm activity in alleviating the problems of low agricultural productivity and the resulting low income, policy measures which can promote rural investment and create employment opportunities in off-farm activities may help minimize the effects of low farm income.
8 Abate, G. T.; Francesconi, G. N.; Getnet, Kindie. 2013. Impact of agricultural cooperatives on smallholders’ technical efficiency: evidence from Ethiopia. Trento, Italy: European Research Institute on Cooperatives and Social Enterprises (EURICSE). 32p. (EURICSE Working Paper 50/13)
Agricultural cooperatives ; Marketing ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Farm income ; Technology ; Efficiency ; Households / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045831)
http://euricse.eu/sites/euricse.eu/files/db_uploads/documents/1363096760_n2313.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045831.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045831.pdf
(0.35 MB) (367.34KB)
Using household survey data from Ethiopia, this paper evaluates the impact of agricultural cooperatives on smallholders’ technical efficiency. We utilize propensity score matching to compare the average difference in technical efficiency between cooperative farmers and similar independent farmers. The approach assumes exogenous cooperative formation and similar farm technology across households. The results show that agricultural cooperatives are effective in providing support services that significantly contribute to members’ technical efficiency. These results are found to be insensitive to hidden bias and consistent with the idea that agricultural cooperatives enhance members’ efficiency by easing access to productive inputs and facilitating extension linkages. Based on the findings, increased participation in agricultural cooperatives should further enhance efficiency gains among smallholder farmers.
9 Getnet, Kindie; Kefyalew, G. 2013. Managing rainwater, improving livelihoods: assessing impacts using a Rainwater–Livelihoods–Poverty Index (RLPI). Environment and Development Economics, 18(5): 615-639. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X13000247]
Rain water management ; Living standards ; Poverty ; Indicators ; Impact assessment ; Water availability ; Rural areas ; Households ; Farmers / Western Ethiopia / Diga District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045856)
(0.71 MB)
Assessing and empirically measuring the development impact of rainwater management innovations to inform related decisions remains conceptually and methodologically difficult. Whether it is empirically more appropriate to assess and measure the impact pathways than the impact per se remains an important methodological issue. This paper proposes a Rainwater–Livelihoods–Poverty Index (RLPI) as a comprehensive and participatory impact pathway assessment technique with measurable indicators recapitulating the sustainable livelihoods framework. The methodological contributions to rainwater impact assessment are two-fold. First, the RLPI explicitly incorporates intermediate processes and impact pathways as important factors affecting the development impacts of rainwater-related interventions. Second, the RLPI combines quantitative and qualitative household response data into a single yet meaningful quantitative impact indicator. This makes the methodology participatory, allowing farmers engagement to use their knowledge (as local expert observers) in informing rainwater management decisions. The methodology is empirically tested in Diga district (western Ethiopia) and validated using expert opinions.
10 Kuma, B.; Baker, D.; Getnet, Kindie; Kassa, B. 2014. Factors affecting milk market participation and volume of supply in Ethiopia. Asian Journal of Rural Development, 4(1):1-15. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3923/ajrd.2014.1.15]
Milk production ; Markets ; Milk consumption ; Households ; Models ; Surveys ; Socioeconomic environment / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045913)
http://scialert.net/qredirect.php?doi=ajrd.2014.1.15&linkid=pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045913.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045913.pdf
(0.34 MB) (346.78KB)
11 Mekuria, Wolde; Getnet, Kindie; Noble, Andrew; Hoanh, Chu Thai; McCartney, Matthew; Langan, Simon. 2013. Economic valuation of organic and clay-based soil amendments in small-scale agriculture in Lao PDR. Field Crops Research, 149(1):379-389. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.05.026]
Soil amendments ; Economic value ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Farming systems ; Crop yield ; Seasonality ; Maize ; Rain ; Sensitivity analysis ; Cost benefit analysis / Laos / Xaythany District / Veunkham / Naphok
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045994)
(1.68 MB)
At a farm level, economic returns are the single most important attributes that drive farmers to adopt agricultural technologies. This study was carried out at the Naphok and Veunkham villages, Lao PDR,to evaluate the yield response of a maize mono-cropping system to soil amendments and analyze the economic return of such interventions. The amendments were rice husk biochar, bentonite clay, compost, clay-manure compost, and rice husk biochar compost, in isolation and in various combinations. Over a period of two cropping seasons (2011–2012),the enhancement of maize yield due to soil amendments ranged from0.77 to 3.79tha-1 at Naphok and from 1.21 to 5.14tha-1 at Veunkham, resulting in net revenues ranging from -794 to 841 and -331 to 1391 US$ha-1 , respectively. Soils amended with low-cost amendments such as compost, rice husk biochar, rice husk biochar compost, and clay-manure compost were economically viable within the first cropping season. In contrast, soils amended with higher-cost amendments such as bentonite clay requires up to five years to be economically viable. Such variations indicate that taking into account maize yield revenues only does not provide sufficient incentives to farmers to adopt higher-cost soil amendments conclude that there is a possibility to sustainably increase agricultural productivity and improve the income of smallholders using locally available low-cost soil amendments. Our findings provide important information for decision makers to promote the adoption of low-cost soil amendments, and,thereby,to contribute to productivity growth and food security through sustainable intensification.
12 Kuma, B.; Baker, D.; Getnet, Kindie; Kassa, B. 2013. Factors affecting milk market outlet choices in Wolaita zone, Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(21):2493-2501. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR11.2156]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046056)
http://www.academicjournals.org/ajar/PDF/pdf2013/6Jun/Kuma%20et%20al.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046056.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046056.pdf
(0.17 MB) (149.16KB)
The study was undertaken with the objective of assessing factors affecting milk market outlet choices in Wolaita zone, Ethiopia. Using farm household survey data from 394 households and Multinomial Logit Model, milk market outlet choices were analyzed. Multinomial Logit model results indicate that compared to accessing individual consumer milk market outlet, the likelihood of accessing cooperative milk market outlet was lower among households who owned large number of cows, those who considered price offered by cooperative lower than other market outlets and those who wanted payment other than cash mode. The likelihood of accessing cooperative milk market outlet was higher for households who were cooperative member, who owned large landholding size, who had been in dairy farming for many years and who received better dairy extension services. Compared to accessing individual consumer milk market outlet, the likelihood of accessing hotel/restaurant milk market outlet was lower among households who were at far away from urban center and higher among households who accessed better dairy extension services and who owned large number of dairy cows. As one of the key factors to boost milk market outlet choices, dairy extension services should be strengthened through redesigning or reforming implementation strategies or improving/strengthening existing policy. It should be strengthened to enable farmers produce surplus milk for markets and should devise means to reduce local milking cow numbers by replacing them with crossbred cows. Moreover, governments should strengthen milk processing cooperatives and improve infrastructure facilities.
13 Mekuria, Wolde; Noble, Andrew; Hoanh, Chu Thai; McCartney, Matthew; Sengtaheuanghoung, O.; Sipaseuth, N.; Douangsavanh, Somphasith; Langan, Simon; Getnet, Kindie. 2014. The potential role of soil amendments in increasing agricultural productivity and improving the livelihood of smallholders in Lao PDR. Paper presented at the 15th National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute Anniversary Symposium on Agriculture and Forestry Research for Development, Vientiane, Lao PDR, 8-10 April 2014. 15p.
Agricultural production ; Water productivity ; Soil amendments ; Smallholders ; Living standards ; Maize ; Nutrient uptake ; Biomass ; Economic aspects ; Case studies / Lao People's Democratic Republic
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046433)
The present study was undertaken in Lao PDR to investigate the impacts of organic and clay-based soil amendments on maize yield, total nutrient uptake and crop water productivity (CWP), and analyze the economic return of such interventions. Structured field experiments were established over two consecutive years (2011 and 2012) with maize as the test crop at the Veunkham and Naphok sites. Ten treatments were applied in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatments were control, rice husk biochar (applied at a rate of 10 t ha-1), bentonite clay (10 t ha-1), compost (4 t ha-1), clay-manure compost (10 t ha-1), rice husk biochar compost (10 t ha-1), and their combinations. All treatments were applied in 2011. CWP and the soil water balance of the various treatments were determined using the AquaCrop model. To determine the costs and benefits of soil amendments over the two cropping seasons a cost-based valuation method was applied. Significant (p < 0.05) treatment effects in maize grain yields, total nutrient uptake and CWP were observed. At Veunkham, differences in yield between the control and amended soils ranged from 0.9 to 3.3 t ha-1 in 2011 and from 0.2 to 1.3 t ha-1 in 2012, whereas differences at Naphok varied between 0.2 and 2.2 t ha-1 in 2011 and from 0.2 to 1.7 t ha-1 in 2012. Differences in CWP between the amended and control plots at Veunkham varied between 0.3 and 1.0 kg m-3 in 2011 and from 0.05 to 0.29 kg m-3 in 2012, whereas differences at Naphok varied between 0.1 and 0.6 kg m-3 in 2011 and from 0.1 to 0.4 kg m-3 in 2012. Differences between the control and amended soils in yield and the associated CWP can be attributed to the improvements in total N and P uptake, soil pH, exchangeable Ca++ and Mg++, and CEC following the application of soil amendments. At both sites, in most of the treatments, yields and CWP in 2012 were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than 2011. This difference can be attributed to late season drought. Over the two cropping seasons , the enhancement of maize yield due to soil amendments resulted in net revenues ranging from -794 to 841 and -331 to 1391 US$ ha-1 at Naphok and Veunkham, respectively. The study found that soils amended with low-cost amendments such as compost, rice husk biochar, rice husk biochar compost, and clay-manure compost were economically viable within the first cropping season. In contrast, soils amended with higher-cost amendments such as bentonite clay required up to 5 years to be economically viable. Such variations indicate that maize yield revenues alone are an insufficient incentive for farmers to adopt higher-cost soil amendments. The results of this study confirm that soil amendments can be effective in improving crop yield and the associated CWP. In addition, the income of smallholders can be improved using locally available low-cost soil amendments. These findings provide important information for decision makers wishing to improve agricultural productivity and food security through sustainable intensification.
14 Getnet, Kindie; Pfeifer, C.; MacAlister, C. 2014. Economic incentives and natural resource management among small-scale farmers: addressing the missing link. Ecological Economics, 108:1-7. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.09.018]
Economic analysis ; Natural resources management ; Small scale farming ; Farmers ; Institutional development ; Organizations ; Risk management ; Investment ; Costs ; Environmental effects
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046632)
(0.47 MB)
Small-scale farmers face numerous challenges to invest in natural resource management practices. The problems are interlinked, with such perverse economic problems as high transaction costs and risk rooted in the lack of comprehensive institutional and organizational services to farmers for risk reduction and incentive creation. Failure to address such a missing link undermines success in natural resource management. This paper ponders the importance of such a missing link and proposes analytic framework that explicitly integrates the economics of natural resource management into institutional and organizational analysis. The framework features the instrumentality of integrated institutional and organizational innovation to create opportunities and incentives to small-scale farmers to encourage investment in natural resource management practices.
15 Abate, G. T.; Rashid, S.; Borzaga, C.; Getnet, Kindie. 2015. Rural finance and agricultural technology adoption in Ethiopia: does institutional design matter? Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 36p. (IFPRI Discussion Paper 01422)
Rural areas ; Rural finance ; Microfinance ; Agricultural credit ; Technology transfer ; Smallholders ; Institutions ; Households ; Cooperatives ; Farmers ; Impact assessment ; Land ownership ; Fertilizers ; Economic aspects ; Surveys / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046934)
http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ifpridp01422.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046934.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046934.pdf
(0.94 MB)
Financial cooperatives and microfinance institutions (MFIs) are the two major sources of rural finance in Ethiopia. Whereas MFIs are relatively new, financial cooperatives have existed for centuries in various forms. The coexistence of two different institutions serving the same group of people, and delivering the same financial services, raises several policy questions. Those questions have become particularly relevant, as the government has embarked on developing a new strategy for improving rural financial services delivery. This study is expected to serve as an input to that policy discussion. Using a unique household survey dataset and the propensity-score-matching technique, we examine the impacts of the two financial service providers on agricultural technology adoption. The results suggest that access to institutional finance has significant positive impacts on both the adoption and extent of technology use. However, when impacts are disaggregated by type of financial institution and farm size, considerable heterogeneities are observed. In particular, financial cooperatives have a greater impact on technology adoption than do MFIs, and the impacts appear to vary depending on farm size and types of inputs. The underlying implications of these results are discussed in light of the country’s rural finance policies and programs.
16 Getnet, Kindie; Haileslassie, Amare; Dessalegn, Y. 2015. Profit and financial risk in the smallholder irrigated agriculture of Ethiopia. Nairobi, Kenya: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) 23p.
Irrigated farming ; Agriculture ; Financing ; Risk management ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Farm income ; Investment ; Profit ; Business management ; Crop yield / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047468)
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/68293/LIVES_workingPaper_4.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047468.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047468.pdf
(557.09 KB)
17 Gebregziabher, Gebrehaweria; Hagos, Fitsum; Haileslassie, Amare; Getnet, Kindie; Hoekstra, D.; Gebremedhin, B.; Bogale, A.; Getahun, Y. 2016. Does investment in motor pump-based smallholder irrigation lead to financially viable input intensification and production?: an economic assessment. Nairobi, Kenya: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). 28p. (Livestock and Irrigation Value Chains for Ethiopian Smallholders (LIVES) Working Paper 13)
Small scale farming ; Small scale systems ; Irrigation systems ; Smallholders ; Pumping ; Investment ; Intensification ; Economic aspects ; Assessment ; Production costs ; Financing ; Household expenditure ; Fertilizers ; Agricultural production ; Irrigated land ; Rainfed farming ; Cost benefit analysis ; Land use ; Policy making ; Farmers
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047625)
(450 KB)
Privately adopted motor pump-based smallholder irrigation is different from conventional irrigation schemes in many ways. Unlike to scheme based irrigation that usually experience financial deficits and complex management bureaucracies, privately owned and managed irrigation technologies avoid problems related with collective action. This study focuses on the impact of motor pump-based smallholder irrigation in input use and production as compared to rainfed production systems and investigates the financial viability of such investments. Data used in this study come from the baseline and motor pump surveys of Livestock and Irrigation Value Chains for Ethiopian Smallholders (LIVES) project conducted in five districts of four LIVES intervention zones conducted in 2014, but in reference to the 2012/2013 production season. The non-parametric propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to assess the effect of motor pump-based smallholder irrigation on input use and production. Following this, we adopt a cost-benefit analysis framework to study whether such investment is financial viable. Results show that as compared to rainfed agriculture, the use of motor pump-based smallholder irrigation leads to significantly higher and financially viable input use and production. Based on different scenarios, the estimated net present values (NPV) computed at 8.5%; 13.9%; 25.9%; 28% and 30% interest rates show investment in motor pump-based smallholder irrigation is financially viable and robust even at high interest rate and volatile market conditions. The data also suggest that an increase in irrigated land leads to a higher profit margin/ha as a result of lower cost/ha and higher gross production values/ha. Despite that over abstraction of water and use of agro-chemicals may result in land degradation and reduced marginal benefits due to loss of micro nutrients and genetic diversity of crop varieties, our analyses fail to capture such external costs.
18 Hagos, Fitsum; Haileslassie, Amare; Getnet, Kindie; Gebregziabher, Gebrehaweria; Bogale, A.; Getahun, Y. 2016. Marketing patterns of rainfed and irrigated systems: do they differ? Nairobi, Kenya: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) 29p. (Livestock and Irrigation Value Chains for Ethiopian Smallholders (LIVES) Working Paper 14)
Irrigation systems ; Rainfed farming ; Marketing techniques ; Economic aspects ; Farmers ; Irrigated farming ; Crops ; Cereal crops ; Grain legumes ; Vegetables ; Fruits ; Production possibilities ; Econometric models ; Households ; Irrigated land ; Land ownership / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047626)
(67.8 KB)
This study used nationwide dataset of 5000 households from four regions in Ethiopia to identify important determinants of market orientation, market participation and market outlet choices. The study used ordinary least square and instrumental regression and multivariate probit (MVP) techniques to do just that. Market-orientation was affected by productive capacity, oxen, total land area, irrigated land area, access to irrigation, and access to market information. Market participation is, in turn, affected by market oriented production, productive capacity and the availability of market information. With respect to outlet choices, the important role of market access conditions (mainly roads and storage facilities) and services (extension services and access to micro credit) were found to be important. Expanding the necessary infrastructure for irrigation development or creating the conditions for household adoption of different irrigation technologies is important for market production and participation and outlet choice decisions of households. Provision of adequate and timely marketing information is also another entry point to transform agriculture.
19 Getnet, Kindie; Haileslasseie, Amare; Dessalegne, Y.; Hagos, Fitsum; Gebregziabher, Gebrehaweria. 2016. On the profitability of irrigated fodder production: comparative evidence from smallholders in Koga irrigation scheme, Ethiopia. Animal Production Science, 57(9):1962-1974. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1071/AN15651]
Irrigation schemes ; Irrigated farming ; Farm income ; Profitability ; Investment ; Smallholders ; Stochastic processes ; Livestock ; Risk management ; Grasslands ; Chloris gayana ; Crop production ; Feed crops ; Onions ; Tomatoes ; Wheat ; Barley / Ethiopia / Koga Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047709)
Irrigated fodder production can be vitalised as a useful strategy to sustainably intensify subsistence livestock production owned and managed by smallholders and to diversify farm income through linkages to commercial livestock systems. However, uncertainty about the production and market environment of such a non-traditional commodity can be a major hindrance against commercialisation and scaling out of irrigated fodder production. This makes ex-ante analysis of profit portfolio and its determinants necessary in order to improve farmers’ investment and risk management decisions. Using a stochastic approach to farm profit analysis to account for business uncertainty, this paper simulated and compared the level and distribution of profit that smallholders in Koga irrigation scheme (Ethiopia) can generate from irrigated Rhodes grass seed and from traditional irrigated crops. The finding shows the absolute and comparative profitability of irrigated Rhodes grass seed. Though 0.19 times less profitable than irrigated onion, irrigated Rhodes grass seed is 4 times, 1.27 times, and 1.25 times more profitable than irrigated barley, irrigated wheat, and irrigated tomato, respectively. Profit from the commodity is robust to adverse business conditions such as yield reduction, cost increase, and price reduction, assuring optimism about positive financial returns from investments to expand production. Long-term business viability can be improved and farm income further stabilised through interventions targeted at fodder agronomy to enhance crop yield and at value chain development to improve market linkages and output price.
20 Mekuria, Wolde; Getnet, Kindie; Yami, M.; Langan, Simon; Amare, D. 2021. Perception of communities when managing exclosures as common pool resources in northwestern Ethiopia. Land Degradation and Development, 32(1):35-48. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3689]
Exclosures ; Natural resources management ; Land degradation ; Erosion ; Local communities ; Public opinion ; Watersheds ; Ecosystem services ; Common lands ; Grazing lands ; Vegetation ; Sustainability ; Government agencies ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Gender ; Women ; Decision making ; Living standards ; Households / Ethiopia / Gomit Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049938)
(1.25 MB)
Understanding the different perceptions of the local community regarding the use and management of common pool resources, such as exclosures, could better support targeted interventions by government and development partners. Here, we report on a study conducted in the Gomit watershed, northwestern Ethiopia, using a survey and key informant interviews, to examine community perceptions on (a) the biophysical condition (i.e., challenge of land degradation and restoration), (b) the action situations (user's access to and control over resources and decision-making processes involved in taking actions in managing the exclosure), (c) actors' interactions (formal and informal institutions involved in the management of exclosures), and (d) perceived outcomes (benefits and tradeoffs of managing exclosures). Many people in the Gomit watershed recognize land degradation as a serious problem and believe that exclosures support restoration of degraded landscapes and improve ecosystem services. Informal institutions play a key role in managing exclosures by improving benefit sharing and mobilizing the local community for collective action. However, some community members have concerns about recent expansion of exclosures because of (a) limited short-term derived benefits, (b) reductions in fuelwood availability, (c) increased degradation of remaining communal grazing lands, and (d) poor participation of marginalized groups in decision making. Addressing such concerns through the promotion of short-term benefits of exclosures and increasing community participation in decision-making and benefit sharing is crucial. The study provides evidence to support government and development partners on the establishment and management of exclosures through identifying the benefits and drawbacks as perceived by different sectors of the community.
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