Your search found 19 records
1 Evans, Alexandra; Varma, Samyuktha. 2009. Practicalities of participation in urban IWRM: perspectives of wastewater management in two cities in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. Natural Resources Forum, 33:19-28.
Wastewater irrigation ; Water resource management ; Participatory management ; Planning ; Stakeholders ; Urban areas / Sri Lanka / Bangladesh / Kurunegala / Deduru Oya / Maguru Oya / Rajshahi / Baranai River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042088)
(0.17 MB)
As the demand for water in cities increases, the quantity of wastewater being produced is growing at a phenomenal rate. If resources are to be managed effectively, a new paradigm is required for urban wastewater management. This paper reviews the initial findings of a participatory action planning process for managing wastewater for agricultural use. It finds that such processes need considerable facilitation, capacity building and knowledge sharing, but that if a plan can be devised that meets the needs of the stakeholders, even if some compromise is required, then certain stakeholders are likely to take responsibility for specific aspects. This may not meet the entire integrated water resources management (IWRM) vision of the plan but provided the plan is developed in such a way that incremental implementation will be beneficial then this will produce some success and may stimulate further cooperation.
2 Evans, Alexandra. 2009. Key focus areas of the Sri Lanka "Water for Food Conference" Water Matters: news of IWMI research in Sri Lanka, 4:3-5.
Conferences ; Water resource management ; Irrigation management ; Participatory management ; Food security ; Water use ; Policy ; Wastewater / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 630 G744 IWM Record No: H042494)
3 Simmons, R. W.; Ahmad, Waqas; Noble, Andrew; Blummel, M.; Evans, Alexandra; Weckenbrock, P. 2009. Effect of long-term un-treated domestic wastewater re-use on soil quality, wheat grain and straw yields and attributes of fodder quality. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 24(1-2):95-112. (Special issue with contributions by IWMI authors) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10795-009-9085-7]
Water reuse ; Domestic water ; Wastewater irrigation ; Water quality ; Soil sampling ; Irrigation effects ; Wheat ; Fodder / Pakistan / Punjab Province / Faisalabad / Chakera / Kehala
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H042570)
http://www.springerlink.com/content/w2772vq200k01212/fulltext.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042570.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042570.pdf
(0.25 MB)
In 2006 a comprehensive sampling program was undertaken in two pre-selected peri-urban villages in Faisalabad, Pakistan to evaluate the soil and agronomic impacts of long-term (25–30 years) untreated wastewater re-use on wheat grain and straw yields and attributes of wheat straw fodder quality. Soil SAR, ESP, RSC and ECe were 63%, 37%, 31%, and 50% higher under wastewater (WW) as compared with canal water (CW) irrigated plots. Further, 2.7 and 6.65 fold increases in soil NO3- + NO2 - - N and Olsen-P were observed in WW as compared with CW irrigated plots. However, no significant differences in grain yield, wheat straw biomass, or fodder quality attributes were observed between WW and CW irrigated plots. In addition, for both CW and WW irrigated plots wheat straw, Cd and Pb concentrations were orders of magnitude below the EC Maximum permissible levels for Pb and Cd in feed materials and thus pose no threat to the fodderlivestock food chain. Further, elevated soil N associated with WW irrigated plots has a significant (p<0.01) positive influence on fodder quality by increasing the N content. Factorial ANOVA with covariance indicates that effective management of the elevated soil ECe in WW irrigated plots would increase grain yield and wheat straw biomass by 853 kg ha-1 (19.5%) and 819 kg ha-1 (18.6%) respectively as compared with CW irrigated plots. In Faisalabad, if managed appropriately to address emerging salinity issues the contribution of wastewater irrigation to the achievement of MDGs 1 and 7 could be significant if adverse impacts remain as marginal as found in this study.
4 Evans, Alexandra; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Cofie, Olufunke O. 2010. Multi-stakeholder processes for managing wastewater use in agriculture. In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa (Eds.). Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries. London, UK: Earthscan; Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.355-377. (Also in French).
Wastewater irrigation ; Wastewater management ; Stakeholders ; Participatory management ; Social participation ; Public health ; Urban areas
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G000 DRE Record No: H042618)
(0.35 MB)
Wastewater use in agriculture is a complex phenomenon since it transcends typical sectoral and geographical policy and planning boundaries, and is influenced by opinions and perceptions. Planning for wastewater use typically requires the involvement of a number of government agencies covering health, water, sanitation, agriculture and irrigation, as well as researchers, community groups and the private sector. Where wastewater use is already taking place spontaneously and unofficially, how can these stakeholders come together to improve the management of the system to maximize the livelihoods benefits while minimizing impacts on health and the environment? One option is the formation of multi-stakeholder platforms, which provide a space for stakeholders to share opinions and seek negotiated solutions in an open and ‘level’ environment. How effective these are, what outcomes can be expected, and how they can be improved are all questions that are still being asked. This chapter presents three case studies in which multi-stakeholder processes were used to improve wastewater management for urban agriculture. Although differences were observed, there were several cross-cutting lessons. A critical factor is the starting point, including an agreed definition of the problem to be addressed, negotiated goals and a management structure that is acceptable to all stakeholders. When multi-stakeholder processes are externally initiated, as with those reviewed here, it is essential that project priorities are commensurate with local priorities. Finding an institutional home and anchor agency an improve long-term sustainability but care must be taken in considering how this impacts on existing power structures. Participation and representation greatly influence the effectiveness of the process and much may need to be done to support this, for example by strengthening local community groups. A factor that appears to significantly improve participation and engagement is having tangible outputs, which demonstrate to stakeholders the potential of multi-stakeholder platforms.
5 Varma, Samyuktha; Evans, Alexandra; da Silva Wells, C.; Jinapala, K. 2009. Attitudes and actions of participants in multi-stakeholder processes and platforms. Knowledge Management for Development Journal, 5(3):201-214. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/19474190903451165]
Water resource management ; Participatory management ; Wastewater irrigation ; Sanitation ; Hygiene ; Stakeholders ; Attitudes ; Learning ; Organizational change / Asia / Sri Lanka / Bangladesh / Kurunegala / Rajshahi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042704)
(0.29 MB)
Multi-stakeholder processes (MSPs) and platforms are being used to address various aspects of water management. They have been championed as a way to improve planning and coordination to involve marginalized groups, and to increase learning and uptake of innovations. Between 2005 and 2008, a project called ‘WASPA Asia’ established multi-stakeholder platforms in two cities, Kurunegala in Sri Lanka and Rajshahi in Bangladesh, to address wastewater use in agriculture and its impact on farmers’ livelihoods. This paper presents findings on the benefits and constraints of a particular MSP around a ‘Learning Alliance’. It also describes and analyzes the methodology used to obtain findings and suggests ways in which such a methodology could be used to improve results of MSPs. The paper indicates that the obvious merit of MSPs is in providing spaces for information sharing and awareness-raising. In time, MSPs can evolve to bring about changes in stakeholders’ attitudes and actions but in many cases they are established around short-term projects, which limits their potential for (institutional) change. Given this constraint, attitudinal change and a better understanding of the issues amongst stakeholders are major accomplishments. Analysis of the methodology used for the review shows the benefits of regular joint monitoring, open communication, and the usefulness of relatively simple tools such as ‘change stories’.
6 Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Simmons, Robert; Evans, Alexandra; Blummel, M.; Drescher, A. 2009. Ensuring health and food safety from rapidly expanding wastewater irrigation in South Asia: BMZ final report 2005-2008. Hyderabad, India: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 24p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2011.0015]
Wastewater irrigation ; Institutions ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Diseases ; Cropping systems ; Vegetables ; Fodder ; Livestock ; Risk assessment ; Economic evaluation ; Surveys ; GIS ; Research priorities / South Asia / India / Pakistan / Hyderabad / Faisalabad / Musi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042649)
(0.66 MB)
This project aims to identify the risks and benefits associated with the use of wastewater in urban and peri-urban fodder and vegetable cropping systems in India and Pakistan, where wastewater is largely untreated due to lack of public finance. Two mega-cities (Faisalabad, Pakistan and Hyderabad, India, with large untreated wastewater irrigation areas have been selected a) for comparative purposes and b) to develop and promote country-specific risk mitigation options. With a particular focus on food safety, livelihoods and livestock, the research will combine field and laboratory methods and structured interactions with producers, consumers, and authorities (urban planning, public health and water management). The goal of the project is to improve health and safeguard wastewater-dependent livelihoods of resource-poor urban and peri-urban farmers and consumers in developing countries. This overlaps with IWMI’s mission to improve water and land resources management for food, livelihoods and nature. The project’s purpose is to develop and promote the uptake of a set of risk mitigation options based on a comprehensive assessment of risks and benefits associated with wastewater irrigation in Hyderabad (India) and Faisalabad (Pakistan). The project will enable the uptake of the recommendations in two countries with large wastewater-irrigated areas and different political - institutional environments.
7 Drechsel, Pay; Evans, Alexandra. 2010. Wastewater use in irrigated agriculture. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 24(1-2):1-3 (Special issue with contributions by IWMI authors) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10795-010-9095-5]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H042818)
http://www.springerlink.com/content/u0377506v1282585/fulltext.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042818.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042818.pdf
(0.27 MB)
8 Evans, Alexandra; Jinapala, K. (Eds.) 2010. Proceedings of the National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9-11 June 2009. Vol. 2. Water quality, environment and climate change. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 174p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2010.205]
Wetlands ; Environmental flows ; Assessment ; Water allocation ; Case studies ; Rivers ; Farming systems ; Models ; Groundwater ; Aquifers ; Domestic water ; Rainfed farming ; Climate change ; Wastewater irrigation ; Rice ; Food security / Sri Lanka / Bundala National Park / Yala National Park / Walawe Ganga / Menik Ganga / Upper Mahaweli Catchment / Kurundu Oya / Kurunegala District / Wilgoda Irrigation Scheme / Attanagalu Oya Basin / Anuradhapura District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G744 EVA Record No: H042852)
(1.90 MB)
This is the second volume of the proceedings of the National Conference on ‘Water for Food and Environment’, which was held from June 9 –11, 2009 at the Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall (BMICH). The volumes 1 and 3 have been produced as separate documents of this report series. In response to a call for abstracts, 81 abstracts were received from government institutes dealing with water resources and agriculture development, universities, other freelance researchers and researchers from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Forty seven of the eighty-one abstracts that were submitted were accepted for compiling full papers. In the past couple of years the sharp increase in food prices worldwide has raised serious concerns about food security, especially in developing countries. To effectively address these concerns a holistic approach is required that encompasses improved agricultural water productivity, adaptation to climate change, targeted and appropriate institutional and financial measures, and a consideration of environmental issues. The main purpose of the conference was to share experiences in these areas and to find opportunities to improve farmers’ incomes and food production, and to promote environmentally sustainable practices in Sri Lanka in the face of growing water scarcity and the challenges of climate change.
9 Drechsel, Pay; Evans, Alexandra. (Eds.) 2010. Wastewater reuse. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 24(1-2). 153p. (Special issue with contributions by IWMI authors)
Wastewater irrigation ; Risks ; Models ; Water quality ; Sanitation ; Water reuse / Middle East / North Africa / Ghana / Ethiopia / India / Australia / Cambodia / Vietnam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H042877)
10 Evans, Alexandra. 2010. An overview: water quality, environment and climate change. In Evans, Alexandra; Jinapala, K. (Eds). Proceedings of the National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9-11 June 2009. Vol. 2. Water quality, environment and climate change. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.vii-xi.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G744 EVA Record No: H042853)
11 Smits, S.; Da Silva Wells, C.; Evans, Alexandra. 2009. Strengthening capacities for planning of sanitation and wastewater use: experiences from two cities in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The Hague, Netherlands: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre. 56p. (IRC Occasional Paper Series 44)
Wastewater ; Waste management ; Sanitation ; Public health ; Participatory management ; Planning ; Stakeholders ; Institutions / Asia / South Asia / Sri Lanka / Bangladesh / Kurunegala / Wilgoda / Rajshahi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042918)
http://www.irc.nl/redir/content/download/147829/485332/file/OP44_WASPA_2010.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042918.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042918.pdf
(0.95 MB)
12 Van-Rooijen, D.; Evans, Alexandra; Venot, Jean-Philippe; Drechsel, Pay. 2011. Cities, agriculture and environment: sharing water in and around Hyderabad, South India. In Grafton, R. Q.; Hussey, K. (Eds.). Water resources planning and management. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp.367-379.
Water allocation ; River basins ; Urban areas / India / Andhra Pradesh / Karnataka / Maharashtra / Hyderabad / Krishna River Basin / Musi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043192)
(0.52 MB)
13 Boelee, Eline; Udukumbure, R.; Evans, Alexandra; Drechsel, Pay. (Comps.) 2011. Sri Lanka starter kit: water, sanitation and urban agriculture. [Selection of papers, maps, photos, data, weblinks etc.]. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Silang, Philippines: Resource Centres on Urban Agriculture and Food Security (RUAF Foundation); Katugastota, Sri Lanka. Community Self Improvement (COSI). 1DVD.
Urban agriculture ; Sanitation ; Water quality ; Water supply ; Maps ; Development plans ; Flooding ; Air pollution ; Pollution control ; Poverty ; Natural disasters ; Tsunamis ; Composting ; Malaria / Sri Lanka / Ruhuna Basin / Colombo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: CD Col. Record No: H041936)
14 Evans, Alexandra; Jayakody, Priyantha. 2009. Use and management of wastewater in agriculture. Economic Review, 35(3-4):49-52, 67.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 8029 Record No: H043749)
(0.53 MB)
15 Bos. R.; Mara, D.; Bahri, Akissa; Jimenez, B.; Stenstroem, T. - A.; Huibers, F.; Redwood, M.; Kinane, M.; Hamilton, A.; Murray, A.; Nelson, K.; Abaidoo, R.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Tiongco, M.; Razak, S.; Ensink, J.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Kone, D.; Drechsel, Pay; Moe, C.; Buckley, C.; Niang, S.; Scott, C.; Amoah, Philip; Dalahmeh, S.; Cisse, G.; Kone, B.; LeJeune, J.; Karg, H.; Keraita, Bernard; Evans, Alexandra; Zwane, A.; Silverman, A.; Armstrong, J.; Awadzi, D.; Cofie, Olufunke; Schoeffler, M.; Van Rooijen, D.; Mensah, Ernest Abraham. 2008. Accra Consensus: Agenda for Research, Capacity Building and Action on the Safe Use of Wastewater and Excreta in Agriculture. [A public statement]. 2p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043803)
16 Weckenbrock, P.; Evans, Alexandra; Majeed, M. Q.; Ahmad, Waqas; Bashir, N. 2011. Fighting for the right to use wastewater: what drives the use of untreated wastewater in a peri-urban village of Faisalabad, Pakistan? Water International, 36(4):522-534. (Special issue on "Wastewater use in agriculture: economics, risks and opportunities" with contributions by IWMI authors). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2011.596323]
Water reuse ; Water scarcity ; Water stress ; Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater irrigation ; Sanitation ; Periurban areas ; Case studies ; Canals ; Agricultural land / Pakistan / Faisalabad / Chakera village
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H044200)
(1.14 MB)
This case study from Chakera village, Faisalabad City, Pakistan describes the transition from canal-water irrigation to wastewater irrigation over a period of several decades. It shows that while the initial motivation for wastewater use was water scarcity and a lack of choice, farmers soon realized there were benefits associated with this alternative water supply. In the subsequent decades, they made great efforts and overcame organizational, infrastructural and legal obstacles to establish wastewater irrigation as the only irrigation on most of the village’s agricultural area.
17 Drechsel, Pay; Cofie, Olufunke; Keraita, Bernard; Amoah, Philip; Evans, Alexandra; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. 2011. Recovery and reuse of resources: enhancing urban resilience in low-income countries. Urban Agriculture Magazine, 25:66-69.
Urban agriculture ; Sanitation ; Waste management ; Wastewater treatment ; Urine ; Reuse ; Food production
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044370)
http://www.ruaf.org/sites/default/files/UAM%2025-Recovery%20and%20Reuse%2066-69.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044370.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044370.pdf
(0.17 MB) (169.42KB)
Poor sanitation presents not only risks but also opportunities for urban and periurban agriculture. In many cases farmers accept the risks in anticipation of the benefits, which include low-cost access to waste resources that are rich in nutrients and water. RUAF has a long tradition of carefully examining the interface of agriculture and sanitation.It has analysed case studies, trends and emerging priorities where RUAF partners, like IWMI, and the RUAF network can play a pivotal role.
18 Evans, Alexandra; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Cofie, Olufunke O. 2011. Processus multi-acteurs pour gerer l’utilisation des eaux usees en agriculture. In French. [Multi-stakeholder processes for managing wastewater use in agriculture]. In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa. L’irrigation avec des eaux usees et la sante: evaluer et attenuer les risques dans les pays a faible revenu. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Quebec, Canada: University of Quebec. pp.385-409. (Also in English).
Wastewater irrigation ; Wastewater management ; Stakeholders ; Participatory management ; Social participation ; Public health ; Urban areas
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044475)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Research_Themes/Theme_3/PDF/French%20book.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044475.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044475.pdf
(0.87 MB) (5.96MB)
Wastewater use in agriculture is a complex phenomenon since it transcends typical sectoral and geographical policy and planning boundaries, and is influenced by opinions and perceptions. Planning for wastewater use typically requires the involvement of a number of government agencies covering health, water, sanitation, agriculture and irrigation, as well as researchers, community groups and the private sector. Where wastewater use is already taking place spontaneously and unofficially, how can these stakeholders come together to improve the management of the system to maximize the livelihoods benefits while minimizing impacts on health and the environment? One option is the formation of multi-stakeholder platforms, which provide a space for stakeholders to share opinions and seek negotiated solutions in an open and ‘level’ environment. How effective these are, what outcomes can be expected, and how they can be improved are all questions that are still being asked. This chapter presents three case studies in which multi-stakeholder processes were used to improve wastewater management for urban agriculture. Although differences were observed, there were several cross-cutting lessons. A critical factor is the starting point, including an agreed definition of the problem to be addressed, negotiated goals and a management structure that is acceptable to all stakeholders. When multi-stakeholder processes are externally initiated, as with those reviewed here, it is essential that project priorities are commensurate with local priorities. Finding an institutional home and anchor agency an improve long-term sustainability but care must be taken in considering how this impacts on existing power structures. Participation and representation greatly influence the effectiveness of the process and much may need to be done to support this, for example by strengthening local community groups. A factor that appears to significantly improve participation and engagement is having tangible outputs, which demonstrate to stakeholders the potential of multi-stakeholder platforms.
19 Evans, Alexandra; Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay; Danso, George. 2013. Developing typologies for resource recovery businesses. Urban Agriculture Magazine, 26:24-30.
Wastewater management ; Wastewater irrigation ; Water reuse ; Resource management ; Business management ; Groundwater recharge ; Sanitation ; Health hazards ; Sewage sludge ; Composting ; Organic recycling ; Farmers ; Energy generation ; Models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046212)
http://www.ruaf.org/sites/default/files/UA26_proef_05-11_13.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046212.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046212.pdf
(0.66 MB)
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