Your search found 35 records
1 Erkossa, Teklu; Teklewold, H. 2009. Agronomic and economic efficiency of manure and urea fertilizers use on vertisols in Ethiopian highlands. Agricultural Sciences in China, 8(3):352-360. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1671-2927(08)60219-9]
Vertisols ; Soil fertility ; Organic fertilizers ; Inorganic fertilizers ; Fertilizers ; Nitrogen fertilizers ; Crop production ; Legumes ; Cereals ; Straw ; Cropping systems ; Crop rotation ; Data analysis ; Economic analysis ; Yields ; Productivity ; Profitability / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042151)
(0.22 MB)
Soil fertility depletion is among the major impediments to sustained agricultural productivity especially in the less developed countries because of limited application of fertilizers. Soil fertility maintenance requires a balanced application of inorganic and organic nutrient sources. This study was conducted on a Vertisol in Ethiopia to determine the optimum farm yard manure (M) and nitrogen (N) application rates for maximum return under cereal-pulse-cereal rotation system. The main and interaction effects of M and N significantly affected biomass, grain and straw yields of wheat (Triticum durum) and tef (Eragrostis tef), but the residual effect on chickpea (Cicer arietinum) was not significant. Application of 6 t M ha-1 and 30 kg N ha-1, gave the largest grain yield of both crops but a comparable result was obtained due to 3 t M ha-1 and 30 kg N ha-1. The economic analysis revealed that 6.85 t M ha-1 and 44 kg N ha-1 for wheat, and 4.53 t M ha-1 and 37 kg N ha-1 for tef were the economic optimum rates. The additional benefit obtained due to these rates was about 450 USD ha-1. Therefore, application of the economic optimum combination of both organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen is recommended for use on cereals in the cereal-legume-cereal rotation system.
2 Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Erkossa, Teklu; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Fernando, Ashra. (Comps.) 2009. Improved water and land management in the Ethiopian highlands: its impact on downstream stakeholders dependent on the Blue Nile. Intermediate Results Dissemination Workshop held at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 5-6 February 2009. Summary report, abstracts of papers with proceedings on CD-ROM. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 48p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.201]
River basin management ; Water governance ; Environmental flows ; Simulation models ; Reservoirs ; Sedimentation ; Rainfall-Runoff relationships ; Hydrology ; Water balance ; Erosion ; Soil conservation ; Watersheds ; Irrigation schemes ; Water use / Ethiopia / Sudan / Blue Nile / Lake Tana Subbasin / Gumera Watershed / Roseires Reservoir / Rahad Scheme / Abbay River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9162 G100 AWU Record No: H042497)
3 Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Erkossa, Teklu; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Fernando, Ashra. (Comps.) 2009. Improved water and land management in the Ethiopian highlands: its impact on downstream stakeholders dependent on the Blue Nile. Intermediate Results Dissemination Workshop held at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 5-6 February 2009. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 310p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2011.0014]
River basin management ; Watershed management ; Farming systems ; Water balance ; Reservoirs ; Water supply ; Irrigation requirements ; Irrigation programs ; Simulation models ; Sedimentation ; Rainfall-Runoff relationships ; Erosion ; Soil water ; Water balance ; Soil conservation ; Institutions ; Organizations ; Policy ; Water governance ; International waters / Africa / Ethiopia / Sudan / Nile River / Blue Nile River Basin / Abbay River Basin / Roseires Reservoir / Gumera Watershed / Lake Tana Sub Basin / Volta Basin / Koga Watershed / Gumera Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9162 G100 AWU Record No: H042503)
(6.52 MB)
This proceeding provides the papers and discussion results of a two-day workshop that was organized at International Water Management Institute (IWMI) office in Addis Ababa during the period of February 6-8, 2009 in relation to CPWF Project 19 – Improved water and land management in the Ethiopian Highlands and its impact on downstream stakeholders dependent on the Blue Nile. Short title: Upstream Downstream (USDS) in the Nile. The project is being under implementation during the last one and half years in partnership with various institutions that include International Livestock Research Institute, Cornell University, Omdurman Islamic University-UNESCO Chair in Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Bahir Dar University, Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute and Forum for Social Studies. The main aims of the workshop had been: Bring together key stakeholders relevant to the project; Present, debate and validate the intermediate results of the project; Disseminate key results to wider audiences through workshop participating stakeholders; Follow up on the progress of the project and plan remaining tasks of the project. The workshop focus themes were: General characterization of the Blue Nile Basin; Watershed modeling and analysis; Water demand and allocation modeling and simulation; Policy and institutions of the water management in the Blue Nile basin.
4 Erkossa, Teklu; Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Haileslassie, A.; Yilma, Aster Denekew. 2009. Impacts of improving water management of smallholder agriculture in the Upper Blue Nile Basin. In Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Erkossa, Teklu; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Fernando, Ashra (Comps.). Improved water and land management in the Ethiopian highlands: its impact on downstream stakeholders dependent on the Blue Nile. Intermediate Results Dissemination Workshop held at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 5-6 February 2009. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.7-21.
River basins ; Farming systems ; Cereals ; Rainfed farming ; Water harvesting ; Irrigated farming / Ethiopia / Upper Blue Nile / Abbay Sub Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9162 G100 AWU Record No: H042504)
(0.69 MB)
With its total area of about 200,000 square kilometers (km2), which is 20% of the country’s land mass, and accommodating 25% of the population, the Upper Blue Nile Basin (Abbay) is one of the most important river basins in Ethiopia. About 40% of agricultural products and 45% of the surface water of the country are contributed by this basin. However, the characteristic-intensive biophysical variation, rapid population growth, land degradation, climatic fluctuation and resultant low agricultural productivity and poverty are posing daunting challenges to sustainability of agricultural production systems in the basin. This calls for technological interventions that not only enhance productivity and livelihoods in the basin, but also bring about positive spillover effects on downstream water users. In this study, the farming systems in the basin have been stratified and characterized; and promising agricultural water management technologies, which may upgrade the productivity of smallholder rainfed agriculture while improving downstream water quality, have been identified. As a consequence, supplementary and full irrigation using rainwater and drainage of waterlogged soils are recognized as being among the promising agricultural water management technologies that can be easily scaled-up in the basin. The magnitude of the impacts of these technologies on the productivity of the upstream farming systems and the concomitant effects on the downstream water flow and quality are under investigation, assuming an assortment of scenarios.
5 Erkossa, Teklu; Menker, M.; Betrie, G. D. 2011. Effects of bed width and planting date on water productivity of wheat grown on vertisols in the Ethiopian highlands. Irrigation and Drainage, 60(5):635-643. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.608]
Water productivity ; Wheat ; Water requirements ; Vertisols ; Highlands / Ethiopia / Gimbichu District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H043581)
(0.25 MB)
Waterlogging is a challenge to wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) productivity under the rainfed system on Vertisols in the Ethiopian Highlands. However, using suitable seedbed types and manipulating planting dates can minimize the effects. A four-year (2000–2003) field experiment was conducted to evaluate three seedbed types, broad bed and furrows (BBF) with early planting, the traditional ridge and furrows (RF) and its modified version (wide ridge and furrows (WRF)), both under early and late planting, in terms of water productivity of wheat. The FAOAquaCrop model was used to estimate crop water requirements. The result indicated that late planting on WRF or RF significantly ( p<0.05) increased grain yield and water productivity. Late planting on WRF (LWRF) increased rainfall water productivity by 66, 44 and 51%, respectively, as compared to BBF, earlyplanted WRF (EWRF) and late-planted RF (LRF). This was because of its increased effective area for crop growth over the RF and its relative suitability of planting time over the BBF. Therefore, late-planted WRF can be used for enhanced water productivity of wheat, while introducing fast-grow crops that are tolerant to waterlogging and growing early in the season may further enhance the land and water productivity in the area.
6 Erkossa, Teklu; Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Hagos, Fitsum; Denekew, Aster. 2011. Characterization and productivity assessment of the farming systems in the Upper part of the Nile Basin. In Ambo University. Department of Biology. International Conference on Ecosystem Conservation and Sustainable Development (ECOCASD), Ambo University, Ethiopia, 10-12 February 2011. Theme: Natural Resources for Livelihood Enhancement. Book of abstracts. West Shoa, Ethiopia: Ambo University. 36p.
Farming systems ; Shifting cultivation ; Crop management ; Cereals ; Livestock ; Productivity ; Assessment / Ethiopia / Nile River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043594)
(0.96 MB)
The Ethiopian part of the Nile basin is dominated by a mixed crop-livestock rainfed agriculture constrained by temporal and spatial variations in climate, relief, soil, and sever land degradation exacerbated by lack of appropriate technologies. The continued shrinking per capita agricultural land due to population growth and diminishing land quality challenges the livelihood of the communities. This entails multifaceted and targeted interventions. Testing and scaling up of interventions require a relatively uniform system, but the basin’s potential and constraints for crop and livestock productivity is heterogeneous, necessitating the identification and mapping of homogenous units. Farming systems are often taken as important entry point for agricultural technologies scaling up. Based on secondary data on climate, soil, crop and livestock, and the master plan of the sub-basins, this study captured and mapped the major farming systems and subsystems. Two major systems, the mixed crop-livestock farming and the pastoral/agro-pastural have been identified. The former was sub grouped into the cereal based, coffee-tree crops complex and the onset root crops complex subsystems. The cereal based system was further classified into the single cropping, the double cropping and the shifting cultivation subsystems, each of which was subdivided based on the dominant crop. The current productivity of the major crops in each farming systems was analysed and found to be lower than not only their potential but also their national average. However, some selected soil, water and crop management technologies have shown substantial yield increase. Therefore, scaling up of proven technologies within a farming system can substantially enhance crop yield and improve livelihood.
7 Dessie, G.; Erkossa, Teklu. 2011. Eucalyptus in East Africa: socio-economic and environmental issues. Rome, Italy: FAO. Forestry Department. 30p. (FAO Planted Forests and Trees Working Paper FP46/E)
Eucalyptus ; History ; Environmental effects ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Hydrological factors ; Soil properties ; Biodiversity / East Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043946)
(0.42 MB) (610.37KB)
8 Erkossa, Teklu; Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Denekew, Aster. 2011. Soil fertility effect on water productivity of maize in the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. Agricultural Sciences, 2(3):238-247. [doi: https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2011.23032]
Soil fertility ; Water productivity ; Crop production ; Maize ; River basins ; Farming systems ; Simulation models ; Water balance / Ethiopia / Upper Blue Nile Basin / Abbay River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044239)
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=6783&returnUrl=http%3a%2f%2fwww.scirp.org%2fjournal%2fPaperInformation.aspx%3fpaperID%3d6783%26publishStatus%3d2
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044239.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044239.pdf
(0.69 MB) (702.66KB)
Maize (Zea mays) is among the major cereals grown in the high rainfall areas of the sub- Saharan Africa’s (SSA) such as the Ethiopian part of the Blue Nile basin. However, its pro- ductivity is severely constrained by poor soil, water and crop management practices. This study simulated water productivity of the crop under varying soil fertility scenarios (poor, near optimal and non limiting) using hybrid seeds under rainfed conditions using the FAO Aqua- Crop model. The result indicated that grain yield of maize increased from 2.5 tons·ha–1 under poor to 6.4 and 9.2 tons·ha–1 with near optimal and non-limiting soil fertility conditions. Corres- pondingly, soil evaporation decreased from 446 mm to 285 and 204 mm, while transpiration increased from 146 to 268 and 355 mm. Conse- quently, grain water productivity was increased by 48% and 54%, respectively, with the near optimal and non-limiting soil fertility conditions. The water productivity gain mainly comes from reduced evaporation and increased transpi- ration without significantly affecting water left for downstream ecosystem services. Therefore, this has a huge implication for a basin scale water management planning for various pur- poses.
9 Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Erkossa, Teklu; Balcha, Y. (Comps.) 2011. Irrigation and water for sustainable development: proceedings of the Second Forum, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15-16 December 2008. Summary report, abstracts of papers with proceedings on CD-ROM. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 51p. + CD. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2011.207]
Sustainable development ; Irrigation management ; Supplemental irrigation ; Land management ; Investment ; Case studies ; Public sector ; Private sector ; Cooperation ; Government policy ; Rural poverty / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044258)
(619.42KB)
10 Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Erkossa, Teklu; Balcha, Y. (Comps.) 2011. Irrigation and water for sustainable development: proceedings of the Second Forum, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15-16 December 2008. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 264p.
Sustainable development ; Irrigation management ; Irrigation water ; Irrigated farming ; Irrigation systems ; Supplemental irrigation ; Land management ; Land use ; Investment ; Case studies ; Government policy ; Rural poverty ; Groundwater ; Small scale systems ; Socioeconomic development ; Economic aspects ; Economic growth ; Income ; Water management ; Water resources development ; Water harvesting ; Water supply ; Public policy ; Agricultural production ; Developing countries ; Public-private cooperation ; History ; Case studies ; River basins ; Crop production / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044259)
(2.93 MB)
11 Loulseged, Makonnen; Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Jayasinghe, Gayathree; Hagos, Fitsum; Erkossa, Teklu. 2011. Inventory, sustainability assessment, and upscaling of best agricultural water management practices. In Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Erkossa, Teklu; Balcha, Y. (Comps.). Irrigation and water for sustainable development: proceedings of the Second Forum, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15-16 December 2008. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.153-183.
Water management ; Irrigated farming ; Rain ; Water harvesting ; Technology ; Runoff ; Income ; Case studies ; Irrigation systems ; Small scale systems ; Spate irrigation ; Farmers ; Dams ; Resource depletion ; Groundwater ; Wells ; Water conservation ; Soil conservation ; Environmental effects ; Social aspects ; Health / Ethiopia / Atsbi / Tigray / Tsebayina Micro Dam / Oromia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044262)
(0.66 MB)
It is the belief of many analysts that agrarian countries like Ethiopia that depend on rain-fed agriculture are significantly vulnerable to rainfall variability, the risk which tends to aggravate with global climate change. Consequently, it is believed that future increases in food supplies and economic prosperity depend heavily on effective agricultural water management. It is with this in mind that the use of low-cost technologies for rainwater and runoff control, storage, water lifting, conveyance and application have become more widespread in Ethiopia since the recent drought of 2002/2003. A range of technologies are currently used with varying levels of impacts. This paper outlines an inventory, characterization, suitability and upscaling aspects of Agricultural Water Management Technologies (AWMT) in Ethiopia. Particular characteristics of each of the technologies, their suitability for a given environment, and the necessary conditions for their successful adoption and scaling up are identified. Furthermore, a variety of combinations of technologies used for control or storage, lifting, conveyance and application of rainwater are documented. Suitability of a technology in a particular environment depends on many factors, such as, the nature of technical complexity, the existing institutional and individual capacity to implement, the costs and benefits, etc. Technical considerations include implementation (set up), operation and maintenance, affordability and environmental impact. The results of a ranking exercise of the technical complexity of a given technology are presented. Concerns related to waterborne and water-related diseases due to stagnation, water quality and possibility of mosquito breeding are discussed. Households in some parts of Ethiopia, who have practiced improved agricultural water management suitable to their local conditions, have managed to diversify their incomes through beekeeping, livestock, intercropping cash crops with food crops and setting up shops, hotels and flour mills in the nearby towns or villages. Therefore, AWMT at smallholder level meet the intended purpose, provided that they are suitable and adaptable to the local circumstances. The question is which of the technologies are suitable to which area under what socioeconomic conditions?
12 Tilahun, H.; Erkossa, Teklu; Michael, M.; Hagos, Fitsum; Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele. 2011. Comparative performance of irrigated and rainfed agriculture in Ethiopia. World Applied Sciences Journal, 14(2):235-244.
Irrigated farming ; Rainfed farming ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation schemes ; Small scale systems ; River basins ; Water use efficiency ; Economic aspects / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044656)
(0.31 MB)
With its an estimated human population of 85 million which increases annually at about 2.7 per cent, Ethiopia is the second most populous country in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) only after Nigeria. Agriculture contributes about 45% and 85% to the GDP and the export earnings, respectively. However, agriculture largely depends on the highly variable rainfall. Accentuated with the rampant land degradation, the seasonal and annual variation in rainfall severely impedes agricultural productivity. In the face of soaring global food prices, importing agricultural products is becoming more challenging. This entails a substantial increase in water and land productivity through investment in both rainfed and irrigated agriculture. Irrigation projects often require huge financial and capital investment. As a result, rain fed agriculture may continue to play a major role in the near future, especially in areas with sufficient rainfall. Therefore, prioritization and resources allocation to the rainfed and irrigated agriculture should ensure the efficient use of the limited resources. This study compared the efficiency of the small-scale irrigation (SSI) and the large-scale irrigated agricultural schemes in different river basins against the rain fed system. The study indicated that irrigated agriculture is more efficient both in terms of water use and economics regardless of the typology or the basins considered. The large-scale schemes are more efficient than the small-scale ones. This may be attributed to the use of other complementary crop management technologies such as fertilizers and the use of improved crop varieties. Although rainfed agriculture remains important for a long period to come, gradual transformation to irrigation particularly to largescale schemes may lead to efficient use of resources for economic development.
13 Erkossa, Teklu; Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Hagos, Fitsum. 2009. Characterization and productivity assessment of the farming systems in the upper part of the Nile Basin. Ethiopian Journal of Natural Resources, 11(2):149-167.
Farming systems ; Agropastoral system ; River basins ; Crop production ; Sole cropping ; Double cropping ; Shifting cultivation ; Water management ; Soil management ; Livestock / Ethiopia / Nile River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044658)
(0.39 MB)
Rainfed agriculutre in Ethiopia is constrained by temporal and spatial variations in climate and severe land degradation caused by soil erosion that is exacerbated by lack of appropriate technologies. The continued shrinking per capita agriculutral land due to population growth and diminishing land quality challenges the livelihood of the communities. This requires multifaceted and targeted interventions. Testing and scalling up of interventions require a relatively uniform system, but the basin’s potential and constraints for crop and livestock productivity is hetrogenous. Farming systems are often taken as important entry point for scaling up of agricultural technolgies. Based on secondary data on climate, soil, crop and livestock, and the master plan of the subbasins, this study clustered and mapped the major farming systems and subsystems in the Nile Basin. Two major systems, the mixed crop-livestock farming and the pastoral/agropastoral livelihoods have been identified. The former was sub-grouped into the cereal based, coffee-tree crops complex and the enset-root crops complex subsystems. The cereal based system was further classified into the single cropping, double cropping and shifting cultivation subsystems, each of which was subdivided based on the dominant crop. The current productivity of the major crops in each farming systems was analysed and found to be lower than not only their potential but also their national average. However, some selected soil, water and crop management technologies have shown substantial yield increase. Thereore, it is believed scaling up of proven tachnologies within a farming system can substantially enhance crop yield and imrpove livelhood.
14 Erkossa, Teklu. 2011. Tillage effects on physical qualities of a vertisol in the central highlands of Ethiopia. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5(12):1008-1016. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJEST10.089]
Soil management ; Field preparation ; Tillage ; Ridge tillage ; Furrows ; Soil analysis ; Soil moisture ; Soil water content ; Hydraulic conductivity ; Highlands ; Rain / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044664)
http://www.academicjournals.org/ajest/PDF/pdf%202011/Dec/Erkossa.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044664.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044664.pdf
(0.14 MB) (289.9KB)
In the highlands of Ethiopia, tillage methods and frequency affect drainage, soil erosion, moisture conservation, weeding and harvesting of crops. This is through their effects on soil physical, chemical and biological qualities. In this study, four tillage methods for land preparation, “broad bed and furrows”,” green manure”, “reduced tillage “and the traditional tillage “ridge and furrows” were evaluated for their effects on soil physical quality indicators. The study was superimposed on the field experiment conducted on a vertisol area at Caffee doonsa for five years (1998 to 2002) in the central highland of Ethiopia. Penetration resistance (PR), aggregate stability, water-holding capacity, crust strength and thickness, texture, porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density and water holding capacity were the soil physical quality indicators considered. The result indicated that only PR was significantly (p<0.05) affected, where as the other parameter have shown a slight changes that are consistent with the effects on the bio-chemical parameters as previously reported. Broad bed furrows, and reduced tillage resulted in the highest and the lowest PR, respectively under both the moist and dry soil conditions. Green manure increased aggregate stability and reduced surface crust strength, which was linked to its increased organic matter content and consequent improved microbial activities.
15 Bossio, D.; Erkossa, Teklu; Dile, Y.; McCartney, Matthew; Killiches, F.; Hoff, H. 2012. Water implications of foreign direct investment in Ethiopia’s agricultural sector. Water Alternatives, 5(2):223-242.
Agricultural sector ; Foreign investment ; Water resources ; Water use ; Water requirements ; Water consumption ; Land acquisitions ; Land leases ; Agreements ; River basins / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044916)
http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/vol5/v5issue2/167-a5-2-3/file
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044916.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044916.pdf
(0.71 MB) (727.46KB)
Ethiopia is often highlighted as a country in which a lot of foreign land acquisition is occurring. The extent to which these investments also constitute significant acquisitions of water is the subject of this paper. It is apparent that water availability is a strong driver of the recent surge of investments in agricultural land globally, and in general the investments occur in countries with significant 'untapped' water resources. Ethiopia is no exception. We propose that the perception of unused and abundant water resources, as captured in dominant narratives, that drives and justifies both foreign and domestic investments, fails to reflect the more complex reality on the ground. Based on new collections of lease information and crop modelling, we estimate the potential additional water use associated with foreign investments at various scales. As a consequence of data limitations our analyses provide only crude estimates of consumptive water use and indicate a wide range of possible water consumption depending on exactly how foreign direct investment (FDI) development scenarios unfold. However, they do suggest that if all planned FDI schemes are implemented and expanded in the near future, additional water consumption is likely to be comparable with existing water use in non-FDI irrigation schemes, and a non-trivial proportion of the country’s water resources will be effectively utilised by foreign entities. Hence, additional water use as well as local water scarcity ought to be strong considerations in regulating or pricing land leases. If new investments are to increase local food and water security without compromising local and downstream water availability they should be designed to improve often very low agricultural water productivity, and to safeguard access of local populations to water.
16 Naoya, F.; Erkossa, Teklu; Mekonnen, W. B. 2012. Importance and challenges of spate irrigation system in Ethiopia. In Japanese. Water, Land and Environmental Engineering, 80(8):655-658.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045013)
(0.81 MB)
17 Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Demissie, Solomon, S.; Hagos, Fitsum; Erkossa, Teklu; Peden D. 2012. Water management intervention analysis in the Nile Basin. In Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Molden, David; Peden D. (Eds.). The Nile River Basin: water, agriculture, governance and livelihoods. Abingdon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.292-311.
River basins ; Water management ; Technology ; Agricultural production ; Water control ; Water resources development ; Poverty ; Food security ; Models ; Irrigation water ; Water demand ; Flow discharge ; Income / Africa / Nile River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H045322)
(1.09MB)
18 Kizito, Fred; Williams, Timothy Olalekan; McCartney, Matthew; Erkossa, Teklu. 2012. Green and blue water dimensions of foreign direct investment in biofuel and food production in West Africa: the case of Ghana and Mali. In Allan, T.; Keulertz, M.; Sojamo, S.; Warner, J. (Eds.). Handbook of land and water grabs in Africa: foreign direct investment and food and water security. London, UK: Routledge. pp.337-358.
Biofuels ; Food production ; Crops ; Foreign investment ; Water availability ; Water requirements ; Water rights ; Ecosystems ; Land acquisitions ; Land use ; Hydrological factors ; Case studies ; Living standards ; Simulation models ; Catchment areas ; Moisture ; Rain ; Supplemental irrigation / West Africa / Ghana / Mali
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 ALL Record No: H045553)
(1.31 MB)
19 Yihun, Y. M.; Haile, A. M.; Schultz, B.; Erkossa, Teklu. 2013. Crop water productivity of irrigated teff in a water stressed region. Water Resources Management, 27(8):3115-3125. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-013-0336-x]
Crop production ; Water productivity ; Water stress ; Water deficit ; Irrigation water ; Eragrostis tef ; Evapotranspiration ; Biomass ; Soil Moisture / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045817)
(0.33 MB)
In water stressed regions such as the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia, increasing Crop Water Productivity (CWP) is imperative for sustainable food and water security. This paper presents CWP of Teff (Eragrostic Tef), a staple food in Ethiopia and an important export crop. Field experiments were conducted under irrigated agriculture during the dry seasons in the periods: 1) November 2010 to March 2011; and 2) December 2011 to April, 2012 at Melkassa Agricultural Research Centre in Ethiopia. Teff crop was irrigated at sixteen different water application depths ranging from 100 to 25 % of the optimum Crop Water Evapotranspiration (ETc.) during the four growing stages, the initial, development, mid season and late season. The effect of seeding rates of 25 kg/ha and 10 kg/ha on lodging and yield of the crop was also determined. The main results were: 1) At 25 % deficit irrigation applied for the whole growth period, Teff CWP was the highest at 1.16 and 1.08 kg/m3 respectively for the seeding rates of 25 kg/ha and 10 kg/ha; 2) the CWP slightly decreased to 1.12 and 1.07 kg/m3 when the 25 % deficit was applied during the late season stage; 3) the crop yield response factor (Ky) of 1.09 and 1.19 was obtained for seeding rates of 25 kg/ha and 10 kg/ha respectively; the equivalent biomass response factor (Ky) was less at 0.88 and 0.96 respectively.
20 Hagos, Fitsum; Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Erkossa, Teklu; Yilma, A. D. 2013. Economics of selected water control technologies and their successful use: the case of Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Science, 23:41-59.
Water control ; Technology ; Farm inputs ; Production functions ; Crop production ; Cost benefit analysis ; Farm income ; Models ; Regression analysis ; Households ; Irrigation / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045838)
(0.59 MB)
Using a production function, marginal productivity of farm inputs and benefit-cost analysis, we explore the economics of selected water control technologies. From the production function, all farm inputs, including irrigation water is found to have a significant and positive effect on yield. Marginal value products of farm inputs are found to be positive but their magnitudes differ by type of control structures, crop type, agro-ecology and regions. The net present values of all water control structures are positive. There is a favorable precondition for sustainable adoption of these controls technologies and institutionalizing some sort of cost recovery schemes. The level of education, the ratio of irrigated land allocated to irrigated annuals and perennials, access to markets and off-farm income are found to have significant effect on successful use of these control structures. Recommendations and policy implications are drawn accordingly.
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