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1 Chisholm, N. G.. 1984. Indigenous irrigated production in S.E. Ghana: Lessons for the design of small holder irrigation schemes. In M. J. Blackie, Ed., African Regional Symposium on Small Holder Irrigation, 5-7 September 1984 (pp. 427-437). London: Hydraulics Research Ltd.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.6.2 G100 BLA Record No: H0200)
This paper describes a system of indigenous irrigated production in S. E. Ghana and, more briefly, two irrigation schemes. It draws attention to the adaptation of cultivation practices to local ecological and climatic conditions in the indigenous system. The variety of tenure and other community arrangements providing access to land, labor and financial resources are also described. The ability of this system to adjust to deteriorating national economic conditions, and forms of adjustment, are noted. Aspects of organization of the two development schemes are described, particularly to examine extent of farmer involvement. This is found to be constrained, leading to doubts on the viability of these projects or their benefit to small holders and government. Comparison between these schemes leads to conclusions in the final section on important social and economic components requiring analysis in design of irrigation projects. More knowledge is needed on existing practices and their motivations and the community arrangements relating to use of resources, prior to design of projects to alter these practices. The form of any development would probably be best determined by a process which learnt from small holders their primary needs and which maximized their own participation and control.
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