Your search found 14 records
1 Fang, S.; Chen, X.; Zhou, C.; Li, H. 1991. Study on monitoring and forecast of soil salinity control. In ICID, The Special Technical Session: Proceedings, Beijing, China, April 1991. Vol.1-C: Irrigation management. New Delhi, India: ICID. pp.220-233.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: ICID 631.7 G000 ICI Record No: H014929)
2 Chen, X.; Ji, R. 1994. Overview of irrigation management transfer in China. In IIMI; Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electrical Engineering. International Conference on Irrigation Management Transfer, Wuhan, China, 20-24 September 1994. Draft conference papers. Vol.3. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI); Wuhan, China: Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electrical Engineering. pp.25-34.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IIMI 631.7.3 G000 IIM Record No: H015548)
3 Chen, X.; Harman, W. L.; Magre, M.; Wang, E.; Srinivasan, R.; Williams, J. R. 2000. Water quality assessment with agro-environmental indexing of non-point sources, Trinity River Basin. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 16(4):405-417.
River basins ; Water quality ; Assessment ; Simulation models ; Environmental effects ; Cropping systems ; Tillage ; Crop yield ; Pastoralism ; Runoff ; Erosion ; Climate ; Rain ; Soil properties / USA / Texas / Trinity River Basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 5821 Record No: H028665)
4 Chen, X.; Shi, C.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, H.; Wang, D. 2004. Sustainable water dispatching for the lower reaches of the Yellow River in non-flood seasons. Water International, 29(4):492-498.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H036717)
5 Murray, Ashley; Mekala, G. D.; Chen, X.. 2011. Evolving policies and the roles of public and private stakeholders in wastewater and faecal-sludge management in India, China and Ghana. Water International, 36(4):491-504. (Special issue on "Wastewater use in agriculture: economics, risks and opportunities" with contributions by IWMI authors). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2011.594868]
Wastewater treatment ; Sanitation ; Public-private cooperation ; Private sector ; Sewage sludge ; Water policy ; Case studies ; Developing countries / India / China / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H044198)
(0.15 MB)
In this article the authors document evolving attitudes, policies and roles of stakeholders in wastewater and faecal-sludge management in India, China and Ghana. In each country there is momentum for expanding not just access to sanitation at the household/community levels, but also for greater treatment and safe end-of-life management of human excreta. Governments are increasingly looking to engage the private sector, but models of engagement that make a compelling business case and instil confidence in cost recovery will have to emerge before the private sector takes an active role in wastewater and faecal sludge treatment in low-income countries.
6 Chen, X.; Ji, R. 1994. Overview of irrigation management transfer in China. In Johnson, S. H.; Vermillion, D. L.; Sagardoy, J. A. (Eds.). Irrigation management transfer: selected papers from the International Conference on Irrigation Management Transfer, Wuhan, China, 20-24 September 1994. Rome, Italy: FAO. pp.103-116.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.3 G000 JOH Record No: H044500)
(1.12 MB)
7 Chen, F.; Chen, X.; Van de Voorde, T.; Roberts, D.; Jiang, H.; Xu, W. 2020. Open water detection in urban environments using high spatial resolution remote sensing imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment, 242:111706. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111706]
Surface water ; Observation ; Mapping ; Remote sensing ; Urban environment ; Satellite imagery ; Multispectral imagery ; Land cover / Switzerland / Belgium / USA / Baden / Brussels / Santa Barbara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049685)
(5.25 MB)
Commonly applied water indices such as the normalized difference water index (NDWI) and the modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) were originally conceived for medium spatial resolution remote sensing images. In recent decades, high spatial resolution imagery has shown considerable potential for deriving accurate land cover maps of urban environments. Applying traditional water indices directly on this type of data, however, leads to severe misclassifications as there are many materials in urban areas that are confused with water. Furthermore, threshold parameters must generally be fine-tuned to obtain optimal results. In this paper, we propose a new open surface water detection method for urbanized areas. We suggest using inequality constraints as well as physical magnitude constraints to identify water from urban scenes. Our experimental results on spectral libraries and real high spatial resolution remote sensing images demonstrate that by using a set of suggested fixed threshold values, the proposed method outperforms or obtains comparable results with algorithms based on traditional water indices that need to be fine-tuned to obtain optimal results. When applied to the ASTER and ECOSTRESS spectral libraries, our method identified 3677 out of 3695 non-water spectra. By contrast, NDWI and MNDWI only identified 2934 and 2918 spectra. Results on three real hyperspectral images demonstrated that the proposed method successfully identified normal water bodies, meso-eutrophic water bodies, and most of the muddy water bodies in the scenes with F-measure values of 0.91, 0.94 and 0.82 for the three scenes. For surface glint and hyper-eutrophic water, our method was not as effective as could be expected. We observed that the commonly used threshold value of 0 for NDWI and MNDWI results in greater levels of confusion, with F-measures of 0.83, 0.64 and 0.64 (NDWI) and 0.77, 0.63 and 0.59 (MNDWI). The proposed method also achieves higher precision than the untuned NDWI and MNDWI with the same recall values. Next to numerical performance, the proposed method is also physically justified, easy-to implement, and computationally efficient, which suggests that it has potential to be applied in large scale water detection problem.
8 Hu, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Sang, Y.-F.; Qian, J.; Feng, W.; Chen, X.; Zhou, Q. 2021. Temporal and spatial variations in the terrestrial water storage across Central Asia based on multiple satellite datasets and global hydrological models. Journal of Hydrology, 596:126013. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126013]
Water storage ; Datasets ; Satellite observation ; Hydrology ; Models ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; Evapotranspiration ; Soil moisture ; Arid regions ; Water resources ; Sustainable Development Goals ; River basins ; Lakes ; Spatial distribution ; Forecasting ; Uncertainty / Central Asia / Kazakhstan / Turkmenistan / Uzbekistan / Tajikistan / Kyrgyzstan / Aral Sea Basin / Balkhash Lake / Issyk-Kul Lake
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050341)
(7.60 MB)
Arid regions of Central Asia have sensitive ecosystems that rely heavily on terrestrial water storage which is composed of surface water storage, soil moisture storage and groundwater storage. Therefore, we employed three Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite datasets and five global hydrological models (GHMs) to explore the terrestrial water storage (TWS) changes over arid regions of Central Asia from 2003 to 2014. We observed significantly decreasing water storage trends in the GRACE data, which were underestimated by the GHMs. After averaging the three GRACE satellite datasets, we found that the water storage was decreasing at a rate of -4.74 mm/year. Contrary to the prevailing declining water storage trends, northeastern Kazakhstan (KAZ), and southern Xinjiang increased their water storage over the same period. The GRACE data showed that Turkmenistan (TKM), Uzbekistan (UZB) and KAZ experienced the most severe water depletions, while Tajikistan (TJK) and northwest China (NW) experienced the least significant depletions. With respect to the major river and lake basins, the Aral Sea Basin exhibited the most serious water loss (-0.60 mm/month to -0.38 mm/month). The water storage positively correlates with the precipitation; and negatively correlates, with a three-month lag, with temperature and potential evapotranspiration (PET). Partial least square regression (PLSR) had the high capability in simulating and predicting the TWS. These results provide scientific evidence and guidance for local policy makers working toward sustainable water resource management, and the resolution of international water resource disputes among Central Asian countries.
9 Wang, M.; Chen, X.; Sidike, A.; Cao, L.; DeMaeyer, P.; Kurban, A. 2021. Optimal allocation of surface water resources at the provincial level in the Uzbekistan Region of the Amudarya River Basin. Water, 13(11):1446. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w13111446]
Surface water ; Water resources ; Water allocation ; River basins ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water distribution ; Water use ; Livestock ; Irrigation ; Ecology ; Canals ; Economic aspects ; Models ; Optimization / Central Asia / Uzbekistan / Amudarya River Basin / Aral Sea / Kashkadarya River / Zarafshan River / Bukhara / Samarkand / Navoiy / Khorezm / Karakalpakstan / Karshi Canal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050536)
(2.31 MB) (2.31 MB)
Water users in the Amudarya River Basin in Uzbekistan are suffering severe water use competition and uneven water allocation, which seriously threatens ecosystems, as shown, for example, in the well-known Aral Sea catastrophe. This study explores the optimized water allocation schemes in the study area at the provincial level under different incoming flow levels, based on the current water distribution quotas among riparian nations, which are usually ignored in related research. The optimization model of the inexact two-stage stochastic programming method is used, which is characterized by probability distributions and interval values. Results show that (1) water allocation is redistributed among five different sectors. Livestock, industrial, and municipality have the highest water allocation priority, and water competition mainly exists in the other two sectors of irrigation and ecology; (2) water allocation is redistributed among six different provinces, and allocated water only in Bukhara and Khorezm can satisfy the upper bound of water demand; (3) the ecological sector can receive a guaranteed water allocation of 8.237–12.354 km3; (4) under high incoming flow level, compared with the actual water distribution, the total allocated water of four sectors (except for ecology) is reduced by 3.706 km3 and total economic benefits are increased by USD 3.885B.
10 Qiao, X.; Schmidt, A. H.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, H.; Chen, X.; Xiang, R.; Tang, Y.; Wang, W. 2021. Surface water quality in the upstream-most megacity of the Yangtze River Basin (Chengdu): 2000–2019 trends, the COVID-19 lockdown effects, and water governance implications. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 10:100118. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2021.100118]
Surface water ; Water quality ; Water management ; River basins ; Water governance ; COVID-19 ; Urban areas ; Water pollution ; Faecal coliforms ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Economic growth ; Downstream ; Monitoring / China / Yangtze River Basin / Chengdu / Sichuan Basin / Min Basin / Tuo Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050539)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665972721000192/pdfft?md5=019ccf161166ca9e1fe600744729056a&pid=1-s2.0-S2665972721000192-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050539.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050539.pdf
(2.99 MB) (2.99 MB)
Water is essential for a sustainable economic prosperity, but rapid economic growth and intensive agricultural activities usually cause water pollution. The middle and lower reaches of China’s Yangtze River Basin were urbanized and industrialized much earlier than the upper reach and have been suffering from water pollution. In the past two decades, economic growth accelerated in the upper reach due to several national economic initiatives. Based on analyzing water quality changes from 2000 to 2019 and during the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 for Chengdu in the upper reach, we hope to provide some water governance suggestions. In 2019, water at 66% of 93 sites in Chengdu did not achieve the national III standards using measurements of 23 water quality parameters. The top two pollutants were total nitrogen (TN) and fecal coliform (FC). From 2000 to 2019, water quality was not significantly improved at the non-background sites of Chengdu's Min Basin, and the pollution in this basin was mainly from local pollutants release. During the same period, water quality deteriorated in Chengdu’s Tuo Basin, where pollution was the result of pollutant discharges in Chengdu in addition to inter-city pollutant transport. During the COVID-19 lockdown, water quality generally improved in the Min Basin but not in the Tuo Basin. A further investigation on which pollution sources were shut down or not during the lockdown can help make pollution reduction targets. Based on the results, we provide suggestions to strengthen inter-jurisdictional and inter-institutional cooperation, water quality monitoring and evaluation, and ecological engineering application.
11 Guan, T.; Xu, Q.; Chen, X.; Cai, J. 2021. A novel remote sensing method to determine reservoir characteristic curves using high-resolution data. Hydrology Research, 52(5):1066-1082. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2021.035]
Water reservoirs ; Water levels ; Surface water ; Remote sensing ; Satellite imagery ; Landsat ; Datasets / China / Zhejiang / Jinshuitan Reservoir / Shitang Reservoir / Ou River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050701)
https://iwaponline.com/hr/article-pdf/52/5/1066/950733/nh0521066.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050701.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050701.pdf
(1.20 MB) (1.20 MB)
A novel method of determining reservoir characteristic curves based on high-resolution resource satellite data was proposed in this paper, using remote sensing processing and analysis technology. According to the physical characteristics of absorption, radiation and reflection of surface water on ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared bands, etc., the satellite images at different reservoir water level and different periods were processed to analyze the relationship of measured water level corresponding to the water area. Based on the relationship, the relevance among reservoir water level, water surface area, and reservoir capacity was established, so as to determine the reservoir characteristic curve. The method was applied and validated at Jinshuitan Reservoir and Shitang Reservoir in the Ou River Basin. The results show that this method has high accuracy, and the maximum relative error between calculating values and measured values at different water level are -2.33% and -2.11% in Jinshuitan Reservoir and Shitang Reservoir, respectively. The method improves the convenience of determining the reservoir characteristic curve greatly, and the storage capacity of the reservoir can be calculated rapidly by this method.
12 Umugwaneza, A.; Chen, X.; Liu, T.; Mind’je, R.; Uwineza, A.; Kayumba, P. M.; Uwamahoro, S.; Umuhoza, J.; Gasirabo, A.; Maniraho, A. P. 2022. Integrating a GIS-based approach and a SWAT model to identify potential suitable sites for rainwater harvesting in Rwanda. AQUA - Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society, 71(3):415-432. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2022.111]
Rainwater harvesting ; Geographical information systems ; Catchment areas ; Decision making ; Infrastructure ; Ponds ; Dams ; Runoff ; Sediment yield ; Soil erosion ; Soil loss ; Climate change ; Land cover ; Land use ; Models ; Calibration / Rwanda / Nyabugogo Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050951)
https://iwaponline.com/aqua/article-pdf/71/3/415/1026940/jws0710415.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050951.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050951.pdf
(1.13 MB) (1.13 MB)
The increasing demand of water results in the overexploitation of water resources. This situation calls for more effective water management alternatives including rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems. Due to the lack of biophysical data and infrastructure, the identification of suitable sites for various RWH systems is a challenging issue. However, integrating geospatial analysis and modeling approaches has become a promising tool to identify suitable sites for RWH. Thus, this study aimed at identifying suitable sites for RWH in the Nyabugogo catchment located in Rwanda by integrating a geo-information-based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) and SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. Moreover, the sediment yield was compared to the soil erosion evaluated using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) owing to the lack of sediment concentration measured data. The results revealed that about 4.8 and 16.35% of the study area are classified as highly suitable and suitable areas for RWH, respectively. Around 6% of the study area (98.5 km2) was found to be suitable for farm ponds, whereas 1.6% (26.1 km2) suitable for check dams, and 25.9% (423 km2) suitable for bench terraces. Among 50 proposed sites for the RWH structures, 29 are located in the most suitable area for RWH. The results implicated that the surface runoff, sediment yield, and topography are essential factors in identifying the suitability of RWH areas. It is concluded that the integrated geospatial and MCDM techniques provide a useful and efficient method for planning RWH at a basin scale in the study area.
13 Heal, K. V.; Bartosova, A.; Hipsey, M. R.; Chen, X.; Buytaert, W.; Li, H.-Y.; McGrane, S. J.; Gupta, A. B.; Cudennec, C. 2021. Water quality: the missing dimension of water in the water-energy-food nexus. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 66(5):745-758. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2020.1859114]
Water quality ; Energy generation ; Food production ; Nexus approaches ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Public health ; Transboundary waters ; Water policies ; Wastewater treatment ; Urban areas
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051426)
(2.10 MB)
The role of water quality, particularly its impact on health, environment and wider well-being, are rarely acknowledged in the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus. Here we demonstrate the necessity to include water quality within the water dimension of the WEF nexus to address complex and multi-disciplinary challenges facing humanity. Firstly, we demonstrate the impact of water quality on the energy and food dimensions of the WEF nexus and vice versa at multiple scales, from households to cities, regions and transboundary basins. Secondly, we use examples to demonstrate how including water quality would have augmented and improved the WEF analysis and its application. Finally, we encourage hydrological scientists to promote relevant water quality research as addressing WEF nexus challenges. To make tangible progress, we propose that analysis of water quality interactions focuses initially on WEF nexus “hotspots,” such as cities, semi-arid areas, and areas dependent on groundwater or climate change-threatened meltwater.
14 Ye, C.; Zhong, R.; Chen, X.; Jin, H. 2023. Simulation of the strategic evolution process and interactions between stakeholders in water trading and carbon trading. Journal of Hydrology, 616:128787. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128787]
Water market ; Carbon sequestration ; Emissions trading ; Nexus approaches ; Stakeholders ; Water rights ; Water scarcity ; Models ; Water shortage ; Water demand ; Water conservation ; Sustainable development / China / Guangdong / Dongjiang River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051530)
(7.13 MB)
Water scarcity and carbon emissions are two of the most pressing issues facing the world. Water rights trading (WRT) and carbon emissions trading (CET) can alleviate pressure on resources and the environment and promote sustainable development. However, the relationship between water scarcity and carbon emissions results in a complex water-carbon nexus between sectors. To explore the mechanisms of interaction among related sectors in the context of WRT and CET, this study built a tripartite evolutionary game model that includes the agriculture, industry, and forestry sectors (AIFSs) to simulate the strategic evolution process and interactions between stakeholders based on replicated dynamic equations. Four cities in the Dongjiang River Basin (DRB) in southern China were analyzed to quantify the influence of key parameters on the strategic evolution process and reveal the relationship between sectors under the effect of WRT and CET. The results indicated that There is a significant impact of agricultural net benefits in the DRB on the choice of AIFS strategy, which in turn leads to better WRT that promotes the mutual coupling of AIFS strategies. In addition, strategy coupling brings higher relative returns and risks to the game system, and multiple markets enable AIFS to hedge losses that may result from single market failures in the mutual game. Furthermore, AIFS' behavioral strategies are not necessarily aligned with market expectations, which has implications for us as we guide the development of WRT and CET.
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