Your search found 13 records
1 Ahmed, R.. 1987. Structure and dynamics of fertilizer subsidy: The case of Bangladesh. Food Policy, 12(1):63-75.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 1378 Record No: H04494)
2 Ahmed, R.; Donovan, C. 1992. Issues of infrastructural development: A synthesis of the literature. Washington, DC, USA: IFPRI. v, 40p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 363 G000 AHM Record No: H012146)
3 Dugan, P. J.; Baran, E.; Tharme, R.; Prein, M.; Ahmed, R.; Amerasinghe, P.; Bueno, P.; Brown, C.; Dey, M.; Jayasinghe, G.; Niasse, M.; Nieland, A.; Smakhtin, V.; Tinh, N.; Viswanathan, K.; Welcomme, R. 2002. The contribution of aquatic ecosystems and fisheries to food security and livelihoods: a research agenda. Challenge Program on Water and Food background paper 3. In CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. Challenge Program on Water and Food: background papers to the full proposal. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. pp.85-113.
Ecosystems ; Fisheries ; rivers ; Food security ; Living conditions ; Agricultural research ; Research projects ; Policy ; Water requirements ; Productivity ; Farming systems ; Environmental effects
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 CGI Record No: H031289)
(1.58 MB)
4 Ahmed, R.. 2003. DSK: A model for securing access to water for the urban poor. In ADB, Water and poverty – A collection of case studies: Experiences from the Field. Manila, Philippines: ADB. pp.5-13.
Water supply ; Sanitation ; Poverty ; Living conditions ; Income ; Development aid ; Women ; Water rates ; Cost recovery / Bangladesh / Dhaka
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 ADB Record No: H032544)
5 Ahmed, R.. 2004. Rice economy of Bangladesh: Progress and prospects. Economic and Political Weekly, 39(36):4043-4052.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7056 Record No: H035728)
6 Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Ahmed, R.; Clemett, Alexandra. 2007. Sanitation Assessment Report: Bashuar Village, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Unpublished project report produced as part of the Wastewater Agriculture and Sanitation For Poverty Alleviation in Asia (WASPA Asia) 18p. + annexes. (WASPA Asia Project Report 11)
Domestic water ; Sanitation ; Households ; Ponds ; Tube wells ; Hygiene ; Public health ; Surface drainage ; Wastewater irrigation / Bangladesh / Rajshahi / Paba Upazila / Bashuar Village
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 363.61 G584 AME Record No: H041022)
(1MB)
This project is funded by the European Commission under its Asia Pro Eco II Program. It is undertaken by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Sri Lanka; COSI, Sri Lanka; the International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC), the Netherlands; NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation, Bangladesh; and the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Sweden. The project pilot cities are Rajshahi City in Bangladesh and Kurunegala City in Sri Lanka.
7 Ahmed, R.; Robinson, C.; Clemett, Alexandra. 2009. Management and treatment of urban wastewater for irrigation in Rajshahi, Bangladesh: WASPA Asia Project. Dhaka, Bangladesh: NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation. 34p.
Wastewater irrigation ; Urban areas ; Development projects ; Wastewater management ; Training ; Hygiene ; Crop management ; Wastewater treatment ; Sanitation ; Participatory management ; Stakeholders ; Farmers ; Institutions ; Organizations ; Health hazards ; Water quality ; Solid wastes ; Waste management ; Pumps ; Pollution control / Bangladesh / Rajshahi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G584 AHM Record No: H042289)
(12.54 MB)
8 Balasubramanya, Soumya; Evans, B.; Ahmed, R.; Habib, A.; Asad, N. S. M.; Vuong, L.; Rahman, M.; Hasan, M.; Dey, D.; Camargo-Valero, M. 2016. Pump it up: making single-pit emptying safer in rural Bangladesh. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 6(3):456-464. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.049]
Rural areas ; Faecal sludge ; Faecal coliforms ; Sewage effluent disposal ; Sludge treatment ; Latrines ; Sanitation ; Health hazards ; Helminths ; Liquid wastes ; Public services ; State intervention ; Pumping / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047856)
(0.51 MB)
Safe emptying and disposal of fecal sludge from pit latrines in rural areas has become a priority for the Government of Bangladesh. In this paper, we calculate the volume and characterize the hazards of managing sludge to identify technologies for safely emptying rural single pits. In Bhaluka subdistrict, an estimated 15,000 m3 of sludge is produced annually. Physical, chemical, and microbial analysis of samples of sludge taken from pit latrines indicate that the sludge has a high moisture content of around 90%, a C:N ration of 10:1, and a helminth presence of 41 eggs/g. In a field test of alternative emptying technologies, simple pumps such as the gulper emerged as feasible for use in rural areas, due to the liquid nature of the sludge, narrow roads, and limited incomes of rural households. The results suggest that current practices of emptying liquid sludge manually without any protective equipment poses risks to those who handle sludge, and the process needs to be semi-mechanized with immediate effect. These results are being used by the Bangladesh government to design policy for sludge management. In the near future, an organized service that safely empties single pits and transports sludge for treatment needs to be urgently designed.
9 Balasubramanya, Soumya; Evans, B.; Hardy, Richard; Ahmed, R.; Habib, A.; Asad, N. S. M.; Rahman, M.; Hasan, H.; Dey, D.; Fletcher, J.; Camargo-Valero, M. A.; Rao, Krishna Chaitanya; Fernando, Sudarshana. 2017. Towards sustainable sanitation management: Establishing the costs and willingness to pay for emptying and transporting sludge in rural districts with high rates of access to latrines. PLoS One, 12(3):1-20. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171735]
Faecal sludge ; Waste management ; Waste treatment ; Sanitation ; Transport infrastructure ; Rural areas ; Latrines ; Pit latrines ; Environmental impact assessment ; Health hazards ; Financing ; State intervention ; Households ; Maintenance costs / Bangladesh / Bhaluka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048078)
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0171735&type=printable
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048078.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048078.pdf
(1.53 MB)
Motivation: Proper management of fecal sludge has significant positive health and environmental externalities. Most research on managing onsite sanitation so far either simulates the costs of, or the welfare effects from, managing sludge in situ in pit latrines. Thus, designing management strategies for onsite rural sanitation is challenging, because the actual costs of transporting sludge for treatment, and sources for financing these transport costs, are not well understood. Methods: In this paper we calculate the actual cost of sludge management from onsite latrines, and identify the contributions that latrine owners are willing to make to finance the costs. A spreadsheet-based model is used to identify a cost-effective transport option, and to calculate the cost per household. Then a double-bound contingent valuation method is used to elicit from pit-latrine owners their willingness-to-pay to have sludge transported away. This methodology is employed for the case of a rural subdistrict in Bangladesh called Bhaluka, a unit of administration at which sludge management services are being piloted by the Government of Bangladesh. Results: The typical sludge accumulation rate in Bhaluka is calculated at 0.11 liters/person/day and a typical latrine will need to be emptied approximately once every 3 to 4 years. The costs of emptying and transport are high; approximately USD 13 per emptying event (circa 14% of average monthly income); household contributions could cover around 47% of this cost. However, if costs were spread over time, the service would cost USD 4 per year per household, or USD 0.31 per month per household—comparable to current expenditures of rural households on telecommunications. Conclusion: This is one of few research papers that brings the costs of waste management together with financing of that cost, to provide evidence for an implementable solution. This framework can be used to identify cost effective sludge management options and private contributions towards that cost in other (context-specific) administrative areas where onsite sanitation is widespread.
10 Balasubramanya, Soumya; Evans, E.; Ahmed, R.; Habib, A.; Asad, N. S. M.; Rahman, M.; Hasan, M.; Dey, D.; Camargo-Valero, M.; Rao, Krishna Chaitanya; Fernando, Sudarshana. 2017. Take it away: the need for designing fecal sludge disposal services for single-pit latrines. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 7(1):121-128. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.073]
Faecal sludge ; Waste disposal ; Waste management ; Pit latrines ; Sanitation ; Rural areas ; Household wastes ; Transport infrastructure ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Environmental health / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048079)
The government of Bangladesh is increasingly paying attention to the safe collection and disposal of fecal sludge from pit latrines in rural areas. In this paper, we report on current sludge disposal practices from single-pit latrines, by conducting a survey of 1,091 households with pit latrines in a rural subdistrict of Bangladesh. Almost all households were using their pits, and 90% reported that hiring pit emptiers to empty the pit for reuse was the dominant pit management practice. However, 90% of households also reported that the sludge from these pits would be disposed of in the vicinity of their homes, by digging wide and shallow troughs in the soil to absorb the sludge. These results indicate an urgent need to design an organized service that safely transports fecal sludge away for treatment. The National Committee for Fecal Sludge Management, constituted by the government of Bangladesh, is using these results to design policy for sludge management.
11 Qaisrani, Z. N.; Nuthammachot, N.; Techato, K.; Asadullah; Jatoi, G. H.; Mahmood, B.; Ahmed, R.. 2022. Drought variability assessment using standardized precipitation index, reconnaissance drought index and precipitation deciles across Balochistan, Pakistan. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 84:e261001. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.261001]
Drought ; Assessment ; Precipitation ; Water resources ; Climate change ; Arid zones ; Temperature data ; Evapotranspiration ; Principal component analysis / Pakistan / Balochistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051324)
https://www.scielo.br/j/bjb/a/jRMpsrhmZnQDQrmVPvrdFyq/?lang=en
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051324.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051324.pdf
(2.30 MB) (2.30 MB)
Drought variability analysis is of utmost concern for planning and efficiently managing water resources and food security in any specific area. In the current study, drought spell occurrence has been investigated in the Balochistan province of Pakistan during the past four decades (1981-2020) using standardized precipitation index (SPI), reconnaissance drought index (RDI), and precipitation deciles (PD) at an annual timescale. Precipitation and temperature data collected from 13 synoptic meteorological stations located in Balochistan were used to calculate the SPI, the RDI, and the PD for calculation of drought severity and duration. Based on these indices, temporal analysis shows adverse impacts of drought spells in Nokkundi during 1991-1993, in Barkhan, Dalbandin, Quetta stations during 1999-2000, whereas Barkhan, Dalbandin, Lasbella, Sibi during 2002-2003, Zhob during 2010-2011, Kalat and Khuzdar during 2014-2015, and Panjgur during 2017-2018. Also, the aridity index for each station was calculated based on the UNEP method shows that major part of Balochistan lies in the arid zone, followed by the hyper-arid in the southwestern part and the semi-arid zones in the northeastern part of the province. SPI and RDI results were found more localized than PD, as PD shows extensive events. Furthermore, principal component analysis shows a significant contribution from all the indices. For SPI, RDI, and PD, the first three principal components have more than 70% share, contributing 73.63%, 74.15%, and 72.30% respectively. By integrating drought patterns, long-term planning, and preparedness to mitigate drought impacts are only possible. The RDI was found more suitable and recommended in case of temperature data availability.
12 Wani, G. F.; Ahmed, R.; Ahmad, S. T.; Singh, A.; Walia, A.; Ahmed, P.; Shah, A. A.; Mir, R. A. 2022. Local perspectives and motivations of people living in flood-prone areas of Srinagar City, India. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 82:103354. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103354]
Flooding ; Vulnerability ; Risk management ; Risk reduction ; Adaptation ; Motivation ; Households ; Communities ; Infrastructure / India / Jammu and Kashmir / Srinagar / Jhelum River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051520)
(4.80 MB)
Globally, the number of people living in flood-prone areas is increasing. The poorest and most vulnerable people are at the greatest risk. This article analyses the dominant social factors that motivates people to occupy flood-prone areas, from the perspective of residents across the social spectrum in the largest Himalayan urban center, Srinagar City. The field experience suggests that the residents of flood-prone areas moved to safer part of city and outside of city, but returned to their original place as soon as floodwaters were gone, when the region was hit by a historic flood disaster in the beginning of September 2014. Both male and female, socially and educationally disadvantageous people were included in the study to ensure diversity of opinion. The qualitative data from personal interviews, conducted with the residents having previous flood experience was analysed by using data-driven thematic approach – an iterative and reflective process – to develop five “key” themes reflecting lived experience. The themes include: (1) place attachment, (2) good living conditions, (3) adaptation to flooding, (4) sense of community, and (5) social harmony. The thick description produced on each theme and supported with direct quotations from participants themselves helped to uncover the underlying realities to inform decision-making. It is important for disaster managers and risk communicators to consider the social aspects of flooding and understand the psyche of exposed vulnerable populations to address planning and communication gaps, design and implement community programs, especially to help the helpless and vulnerable people better manage flood risk and achieve resilience.
13 Ahmad, S.; Jia, H.; Ashraf, A.; Yin, D.; Chen, Z.; Xu, C.; Chenyang, W.; Jia, Q.; Xiaoyue, Z.; Israr, M.; Ahmed, R.. 2023. Water resources and their management in Pakistan: a critical analysis on challenges and implications. Water-Energy Nexus, 6:137-150. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2023.10.001]
Water management ; Water scarcity ; Water governance ; Climate change adaptation ; Sustainable development ; Energy ; Nexus approaches ; Water policies ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Water shortages ; Infrastructure ; Stakeholders ; Decision making ; Water pollution ; Drought ; Water quality / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052438)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258891252300019X/pdfft?md5=adb9dd9fceb97a9a1adc87ef92a517ee&pid=1-s2.0-S258891252300019X-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052438.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052438.pdf
(3.72 MB) (3.72 MB)
Water is one of the essential natural resources for human beings. However, rising worldwide water demand and a significant decline in availability due to a lack of dynamic management and over-extraction have resulted in a complex scenario in terms of water availability. The current paper examines water resources and their management, methodologies, aims, and scope. Through the perspective of water resources and their management in Pakistan, 93 research publications were critically analyzed using a systematic review technique. The technique includes a systematic review of existing literature on water resource management, with particular emphasis on policy, governance, and environmental challenges. The study results demonstrate gaps and weaknesses in existing laws and regulations, alongside the threats to water resource management due to population expansion, urban development, climate change, and water contamination. To properly address these problems, the current study proposed a comprehensive framework for water resource management. This framework includes a national water policy that argues for sustainability and improves institutional strength. Infrastructure development, climate change adaptation, and examining social and environmental variables are all emphasized as important problems. Furthermore, it is essential to emphasize the importance of education and raising knowledge about water resource management among the general public and relevant stakeholders. By following these recommendations and the proposed OECD key principles on water governance, Pakistan may make significant progress towards achieving sustainable water management, aligning with its development objectives, and ensuring clean and safe water availability for future generations.
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