Your search found 42 records
1 Deng, C.; Wang, H.; Gong, S.; Zhang. J.; Yang, B.; Zhao, Z. 2020. Effects of urbanization on food-energy-water systems in mega-urban regions: a case study of the Bohai MUR, China. Environmental Research Letters, 15(4):044014. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab6fbb]
Urbanization ; Food systems ; Energy consumption ; Water systems ; Nexus ; Urban areas ; Water resources ; Land use ; Economic development ; Indicators ; Population growth ; Case studies / China / Bohai Mega-Urban Region / Beijing / Hebei / Tianjin / Liaoning / Shandong
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049630)
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab6fbb/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049630.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049630.pdf
(3.37 MB) (3.37 MB)
The security of food-energy-water (FEW) systems is an issue of global concern, especially in mega-urban regions (MURs) with high-density populations, industries and carbon emissions. To better understand the hidden links between urbanization and FEW systems, the pressure on FEW systems was quantified in a typical rapidly urbanizing region—the Bohai MUR. The correlations between urbanization indicators and the pressure on FEW systems were analyzed and the mechanism of the impact of urbanization on FEW systems was further investigated. The results showed that approximately 23% of cropland was lost, 61% of which was lost via conversion to construction land and urban areas expanded by 132.2% in the Bohai MUR during 1980–2015. The pressure on FEW systems showed an upward trend, with the stress index of the pressure on FEW systems (FEW_SI) ranging from 80.49% to 134.82%. The dominant pressure consisting of that has converted from water system pressure to energy system pressure since 2004. The FEW_SI in the Bohai MUR was enhanced with cropland loss and increases in urbanization indicators. Additionally, land use, populations, incomes, policies and innovation are the main ways that urbanization affects FEW systems in MURs. This study enhances our understanding of the variation in pressure on FEW systems in MURs and the effects of urbanization on FEW systems, which will help stakeholders to enhance the resilience of FEW systems and promote sustainable regional development.
2 Mashaly, A. F.; Fernald, A. G. 2020. Identifying capabilities and potentials of system dynamics in hydrology and water resources as a promising modeling approach for water management. Water, 12(5):1432. (Special issue: System Dynamics Modelling for Water-Energy-Climate Nexus) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051432]
Hydrology ; Water resources ; Agriculture ; Water management ; Models ; Simulation ; Forecasting ; Socioeconomic environment ; Water supply ; Water quality ; Water systems ; Groundwater ; Policies ; Environmental effects
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049730)
(0.86 MB) (1.92 MB)
Agriculture is the most important sector with regard to water resources management due to its social, economic, hydrological, and environmental aspects, and many scholars and researchers have been driven to investigate the dynamic interrelationships among hydrological, environmental, and socioeconomic factors affecting agriculture. The system dynamics (SD) approach has become widely used because of its merits and benefits as a tool to deal with complex, dynamic problems and systems with many aspects and components that are involved and must be understood to ensure sound decisions regarding water and hydrological systems. Although agricultural water management needs to be studied as a main part of water management, socioeconomic management, and environmental management requiring the use of SD, this review shows that SD is currently used to a limited extent in terms of agricultural water management. This paper sheds light on the studies and investigations on the use of SD in the water sector and highlights the strengths of SD in order to encourage researchers to use this promising method to manage such a vital resource. Accordingly, this review seeks to include a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of existing publications and scholarly papers on the use of SD modeling as an effective technique for dealing with different problems associated with planning, management, and analysis of hydrology and water resources systems. Recent trends in the integration of SD with other modeling systems, such as artificial intelligence systems, are discussed along with the limitations and challenges facing application. This article makes a new contribution by giving a foundation of references and studies for scholars, researchers, and academics which encourages future investigation in employing the SD approach to hydrology and water resources management and planning, especially with agricultural water.
3 Poch, M.; Garrido-Baserba, M.; Corominas, L.; Perello-Moragues, A.; Monclus, H.; Cermeron-Romero, M.; Melitas, N.; Jiang, S. C.; Rosso, D. 2020. When the fourth water and digital revolution encountered COVID-19. Science of the Total Environment, 744:140980. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140980]
Water systems ; Coronavirus disease ; Drinking water treatment ; Wastewater treatment ; Public health ; Infrastructure ; Hydrological cycle ; Water quality ; Water demand ; Decision making ; Policies ; Climate change
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049867)
(0.75 MB)
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is, undeniably, a substantial shock to our civilization which has revealed the value of public services that relate to public health. Ensuring a safe and reliable water supply and maintaining water sanitation has become ever more critical during the pandemic. For this reason, researchers and practitioners have promptly investigated the impact associated with the spread of SARS-CoV-2 on water treatment processes, focusing specifically on water disinfection. However, the COVID-19 pandemic impacts multiple aspects of the urban water sector besides those related to the engineering processes, including sanitary, economic, and social consequences which can have significant effects in the near future. Furthermore, this outbreak appears at a time when the water sector was already experiencing a fourth revolution, transitioning toward the digitalisation of the sector, which redefines the Water-Human-Data Nexus. In this contribution, a product of collaboration between academics and practitioners from water utilities, we delve into the multiple impacts that the pandemic is currently causing and their possible consequences in the future. We show how the digitalisation of the water sector can provide useful approaches and tools to help address the impact of the pandemic. We expect this discussion to contribute not only to current challenges, but also to the conceptualization of new projects and the broader task of ameliorating climate change.
4 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2020. IWMI Gender and Inclusion Strategy 2020-2023: new landscapes of water equality and inclusion. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 16p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2020.205]
Gender equality ; Inclusion ; Strategies ; Organizational change ; Water security ; Water systems ; Digital innovation ; Data management ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Social inequalities ; Equity ; Women ; Social development ; Empowerment ; Structural change ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Risk reduction ; Food systems ; Ecosystems ; Water use ; Multiple use ; Agricultural research for development ; Research programmes ; CGIAR ; Research institutions ; Intervention ; Stakeholders ; Policies ; Knowledge management ; Capacity building
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049876)
(1.16 MB)
5 Haileslassie, Amare; Ludi, Eva; Roe, M.; Button, C. 2020. Water values: discourses and perspective. In Filho, W. L.; Azul, A. M.; Brandli, L.; Salvia, A. L.; Wall, T. (Eds.). Clean water and sanitation. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. 10p. (Online first). (Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70061-8_140-1]
Water resources ; Water management ; Water systems ; Valuation ; Social values ; Cultural values ; Economic value ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Ecological factors ; Ecosystem services ; Stakeholders ; Decision making ; Frameworks ; Policies
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050045)
(0.20 MB)
6 Allan, T.; Bromwich, B.; Keulertz, M.; Colman, A. (Eds.) 2019. The Oxford handbook of food, water and society. New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press. 926p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190669799.001.0001]
Food systems ; Water systems ; Society ; Food security ; Water security ; Food supply chains ; Value chains ; Water resources ; Water management ; Virtual water ; Water footprint ; Agricultural water use ; Agricultural trade ; Conservation agriculture ; Irrigation management ; Water scarcity ; Natural capital ; Political aspects ; Policies ; Municipal water ; Water demand ; Pollution prevention ; Agricultural production ; Transformation ; Wheat ; Coffee industry ; Rice ; Oil palms ; Meat ; Beef ; Pricing ; Pesticides ; Farmers ; Water user associations ; Gender ; Feminization ; Household consumption ; Diet ; Hunger ; Malnutrition ; Obesity ; Poverty ; Sustainability ; Technology ; Subsidies ; Ecosystem services ; Infrastructure ; Drought ; Flooding ; Soil erosion ; Semiarid zones ; Arid zones ; Drylands ; WTO ; Modelling / Africa / Mediterranean Region / North America / Western Asia / United Kingdom / England / Wales / USA / Brazil / Australia / Jordan / Israel / South Africa / California / Cape Town / Sonoran Desert
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 ALL Record No: H049524)
(1.26 MB)
Society’s greatest use of water is in food production; a fact that puts farmers centre stage in global environmental management. Current management of food value chains, however, is not well set up to enable farmers to undertake their dual role of feeding a growing population and stewarding natural resources. This book considers the interconnected issues of real water in the environment and “virtual water” in food value chains and investigates how society influences both fields. This perspective draws out considerable challenges for food security and for environmental stewardship in the context of ongoing global change. The book also discusses these issues by region and with global overviews of selected commodities. Innovation relevant to the kind of change needed for the current food system to meet future challenges is reviewed in light of the findings of the regional and thematic analysis.
7 CGIAR System Organization. 2020. Responding to COVID-19: CGIAR's contribution to global response, recovery and resilience. Montpellier, France: CGIAR System Organization. 48p.
COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; CGIAR ; Research programmes ; Agricultural research ; Food security ; Nutrition security ; Resilience ; Food systems ; Value chains ; Water systems ; Livelihoods ; Poverty ; Gender equality ; Public health ; Environmental health ; Social protection ; Inclusion ; Sustainability ; Policies ; Investment ; Income ; Strategies ; Economic impact
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049854)
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/108548/CGIAR-Responding-to-COVID-19.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049854.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049854.pdf
(2.81 MB) (2.81 MB)
The COVID-19 pandemic, itself likely the result of unsustainable food, land and water systems, is exposing weaknesses in food systems, societies and economies around the world. The health risks of the pandemic, combined with the social and economic impacts of measures to stop the spread of the disease (e.g. social isolation directives, travel bans, border closures) are posing threats to food, nutrition and water security, as well as continued progress on global goals to end poverty and hunger, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Without substantial emergency relief, 140 million people could fall into extreme poverty, potentially increasing hunger and malnutrition for millions. Women, youth, migrant workers and poor urban populations are among those most significantly impacted. The global response to the pandemic must be swift and science-based, harnessing new and existing knowledge. Solutions need to be coordinated across sectors to provide immediate response and assistance for those most in need, ongoing and inclusive support in recovery and, perhaps most importantly, future resilience to all shocks–including climate extremes. The COVID-19 crisis presents an unprecedented opportunity for humanity to “build back better,” particularly in the food systems at the root of the pandemic. The crisis has demonstrated how quickly society can fail – but also that collective positive change in human behavior is possible at scale and speed. CGIAR will join its network of partners to co-lead global debate and action on what “building back better” looks like for food, water and land systems.
8 GC, R. K.; Ranganathan, S.; Hammett, A. L. (Tom); Hall, R. P. 2020. What factors determine the technical performance of community-managed rural water systems in the middle hills of Nepal?. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 9p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.189]
Water supply ; Water systems ; Community management ; Multiple use water services ; Domestic water ; Sustainability ; Decision making ; Committees ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Household income ; Rural areas ; Highlands ; Models / Nepal / Syangja / Kaski / Palpa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050151)
(0.33 MB)
Gravity-fed water systems are widely used in the rural hills of Nepal. This study identifies the systematic factors that contribute to rural households not obtaining water due to system breakdowns. The study makes use of data from a 2017 to 2018 study of 202 households served by 10 community-based water systems from three localities within the western middle hills of Nepal. A hierarchical regression model is used to capture both household- and system-level variables. The analysis identifies three household-level and three system-level predictors of the duration of water system breakdowns. The significant household-level predictors include (1) a sense of ownership toward the water system, (2) user involvement in decision making during the planning and implementation of the water system, and (3) income earned from water-based productive activities. The significant system-level predictors include (1) distance from the village to the water source, (2) the performance of the water user committee, and (3) the water system operator's level of activity. In addition, the interactions between household- and system-level variables are captured. The empirical relationship between household productive income and the duration of breakdowns is a novel finding. These findings will be valuable to the Nepalese government and other actors working to implement sustainable water systems.
9 Carr, G.; Barendrecht, M. H.; Debevec, Liza; Kuil, L.; Bloschl, G. 2020. People and water: understanding integrated systems needs integrated approaches. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-AQUA, 69(8):819-832. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2020.055]
Water management ; Water systems ; Integrated management ; Water resources ; Interdisciplinary research ; Modelling ; Water reuse ; Water quality ; Flooding ; Risk management ; Collaboration ; Awareness raising ; Decision making ; Social aspects ; Hydrology ; Case studies / Jordan / Burkina Faso / Germany / Dresden
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050217)
https://iwaponline.com/aqua/article-pdf/69/8/819/824031/jws0690819.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050217.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050217.pdf
(0.57 MB) (588 KB)
As we rapidly modify the environment around us, researchers have a critical role to play in raising our understanding of the interactions between people and the world in which they live. Knowledge and understanding of these interactions are essential for evidence based decision-making on resource use and risk management. In this paper, we explore three research case studies that illustrate co-evolution between people and water systems. In each case study, we highlight how different knowledge and understanding, stemming from different disciplines, can be integrated by complementing narratives with a quantitative modelling approach. We identify several important research practices that must be taken into account when modelling people-water systems: transparency, grounding the model in sound theory, supporting it with the most robust data possible, communicating uncertainty, recognising that there is no ‘one true model’ and diversity in the modelling team. To support interdisciplinary research endeavours, we propose a three-point plan: (1) demonstrating and emphasising that interdisciplinary collaboration can both address existing research questions and identify new, previously unknown questions at the interface between the disciplines; (2) supporting individual interdisciplinary learning at all career stages and (3) developing group practices and a culture of interdisciplinary collaboration.
10 Hoolohan, C.; Amankwaa, G.; Browne, A. L.; Clear, A.; Holstead, K.; Machen, R.; Michalec, O.; Ward, S. 2021. Resocializing digital water transformations: outlining social science perspectives on the digital water journey. WIREs Water, e1512. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1512]
Water management ; Digital technology ; Data management ; Social sciences ; Research ; Water supply ; Infrastructure ; Water systems ; Water governance ; Communities ; Participation ; Political aspects ; Sustainable development ; Case studies
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050249)
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/wat2.1512?download=true
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050249.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050249.pdf
(2.78 MB) (2.78 MB)
Digital water transformation is often written about as though universally desirable and inevitable, capable of addressing the multifaceted socioecological challenges that water systems face. However, there is not widespread reflection on the complexities, tensions and unintended consequences of digital transformation, its social and political dimensions are often neglected. This article introduces case studies of digital water development, bringing examples of technological innovation into dialogue with literature and empirical research from across the social sciences. We examine how Big Data affects our observations of water in society to shape water management, how the Internet of Things becomes involved in reproducing unjust water politics, how digital platforms are entangled in the varied sociocultural landscape of everyday water use, and how opensource technologies provide new possibilities for participatory water governance. We also reflect on regulatory developments and the possible trajectories of innovation resulting from public-private sector interactions. A socially and politically informed view of digital water is essential for just and sustainable development, and the gap between industry visions of digital water and research within the social sciences is inhibitive. Thus, the analysis presented in this article provides a novel, pluralistic perspective on digital water development and outlines what is required for more inclusive future scholarship, policy and practice.
This article is categorized under: Human Water
This article is categorized under: Human Water
11 Raut, N.; Shakya, A.; Gurung, S.; Dahal, B. M. 2021. Adoption of a Multiple Use Water System (MUWS) to ensure water security for Nepalese hill farmers. Water Policy, 23(2):239-254. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2021.066]
Multiple use water services ; Water systems ; Water security ; Water supply ; Water scarcity ; Drinking water ; Water quality ; Water storage ; Farmers ; Communities ; Socioeconomic environment ; Households ; Models ; Vegetables / Nepal / Kaski / Lumle / Dhikurpokhari
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050344)
https://iwaponline.com/wp/article-pdf/23/2/239/879073/023020239.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050344.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050344.pdf
(0.32 MB) (332 KB)
Multiple use water system (MUWS) is an approach to water services planning and design of new and rehabilitated systems. It is informed by input on people's multiple water uses, reuses, and needs at their preferred sites within communities. Although MUWS has been implemented in different parts of Nepal to address water security, the motivating factors in adoption of MUWS have not been previously clear. To better understand farmers' interests, the socio-economic context, and severity of water scarcity problems, we analyzed determinant factors in adoption of MUWS related to the extent of area under vegetable production in Annapurna rural municipality of Kaski district. We surveyed 150 households and conducted eight key informant interviews. A binary logistic regression model showed that five variables, namely: households sharing a tap, water tariff, water volume used, availability of a water storage system, and water sufficiency during the dry season have significant positive influences on the adoption of MUWS. In contrast, two variables, namely: caste and access to water have significant negative influences on the adoption behavior of farmers. Likewise, the linear regression model showed agricultural crops grown, total landholdings, and water quality influenced the extent of vegetable production. Thus the socio-economic condition, access to resources and the institution affect the adoption behavior of farmers. Agriculture policy intervention at provincial/national level should highlight the importance of adoption of MUWS and its benefit in terms of securing water, economy and food in a changing climate.
12 Bazaanah, P.; Dakurah, M. 2021. Comparative analysis of the performance of rope-pumps and standardized handpumps water systems in rural communities of the northern and upper east regions of Ghana. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 13:100563. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100563]
Water supply ; Groundwater ; Water systems ; Manual pumps ; Comparative analysis ; Rural communities ; Water quality ; Water pollution ; Microbiological analysis ; Drinking water ; Hygiene ; Wells ; Sustainability ; Gender ; Households / Ghana / Damweo / Saboro / Nalgukania / Piriga / Nayoku
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050451)
(1.53 MB)
Ground water systems form essential components of rural water supply. In Ghana, four handpumps namely, Afridev, India Mark II, Nira AF-85, and Vergnet have been standardized for rural water supply. However, they have failed to deliver satisfactory levels of water supply and sustainability, largely due to inadequate maintenance capacity. An alternative to standardized imported handpumps is the locally manufactured rope-pump, which is considerably cheaper and easier to maintain but has not been standardized for use in Ghana for rural water supply. Framed from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the post-positivist paradigm and quantitative research approach, this study compared the performance of rope-pumps with standardized handpumps, to determine whether rope-pumps technology provide viable alternative for rural water supply. Probability sampling and self-designed questionnaires were used to elicit data from 431 respondents. Descriptive statistics, correlations and independent sample t-test were utilized to analyze the data. Decision rule applied in testing the hypothesis (Ho) with 95% confidence interval was: accept Ho, if p-values are a = 0.05 and do not accept Ho if p-values are = a = 0.05. Findings showed rope-pumps as a potentially viable option to standardized handpumps. There were no significant differences between rope-pumps and standardized handpumps with respect to robustness, sustainability and microbiological quality of water delivered by the two pump types. Rope-pump technology is feasible, sustainable, scalable and will likely meet user needs if standardized and adapted for use by the communities. Measures for technology adaptation, government subsidies, investments, pollution control and standardization are necessary and will remarkably improve water quality from rope-pumps installed in the communities.
13 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2021. Transformation of water systems for climate change adaptation and resilience. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 4p. (IWMI Water Issue Brief 18) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.227]
Water systems ; Climate change adaptation ; Resilience ; Anthropogenic climate change ; Global warming ; Water management ; Frameworks ; Hydrological cycle ; Extreme weather events ; Flooding ; Drought ; Rain ; Risk ; Decision making ; Water security ; Water governance ; Participation ; Policies ; Technology ; Information systems ; Financing ; Uncertainty ; Irrigation ; Infrastructure ; Communities ; Vulnerability ; Diversity
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050721)
(2.04 MB)
14 Gonzalez, J. M.; Matrosov, E. S.; Obuobie, E.; Mul, M.; Pettinotti, L.; Gebrechorkos, S. H.; Sheffield, J.; Bottacin-Busolin, A.; Dalton, J.; Smith, D. Mark; Harou, J. J. 2021. Quantifying cooperation benefits for new dams in transboundary water systems without formal operating rules. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 9:596612. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.596612]
Dams ; International waters ; Water systems ; International cooperation ; Infrastructure ; River basins ; Reservoir operation ; Water policies ; Hydropower ; Ecosystem services ; Environmental flows ; Irrigation ; Simulation models / Ghana / Volta River Basin / Pwalugu Multipurpose Dam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050729)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2021.596612/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050729.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050729.pdf
(9.16 MB) (9.16 MB)
New dams impact downstream ecosystems and water infrastructure; without cooperative and adaptive management, negative impacts can manifest. In large complex transboundary river basins without well codified operating rules and extensive historical data, it can be difficult to assess the benefits of cooperating, in particular in relation to new dams. This constitutes a barrier to harmonious development of river basins and could contribute to water conflict. This study proposes a generalised framework to assess the benefits of cooperation on the management of new dams in water resource systems that do not have formal sharing arrangements. Benefits are estimated via multi-criteria comparison of historical reservoir operations (usually relatively uncooperative) vs. adopting new cooperative rules which would achieve the best results for riparian countries as evaluated by a water resources simulator and its performance metrics. The approach is applied to the Pwalugu Multipurpose Dam (PMD), which is being built in Ghana in the Volta river basin. The PMD could impact downstream ecosystems and infrastructure in Ghana and could itself be impacted by how the existing upstream Bagre Dam is managed in Burkina Faso. Results show that with cooperation Ghana and Burkina Faso could both increase energy production although some ecosystem services loss would need to be mitigated. The study confirms that cooperative rules achieve higher overall benefits compared to seeking benefits only for individual dams or countries.
15 Reddy, V. R.; Pavelic, Paul; Reddy, M. S. 2021. Participatory management and sustainable use of groundwater: a review of the Andhra Pradesh Farmer-Managed Groundwater Systems project in India. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 21p. (Groundwater Solutions Initiative for Policy and Practice (GRIPP) Case Profile Series 05) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.224]
Groundwater management ; Participatory management ; Water use efficiency ; Sustainable use ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Water systems ; Project evaluation ; Capacity development ; Awareness-raising ; Technology transfer ; Behavioural changes ; Groundwater extraction ; Pumping ; Wells ; Groundwater level ; Hydrological factors ; Water policies ; Regulations ; Equity ; Crop production ; Water budget ; Institutions ; Funding ; Non-governmental organizations ; Water user associations ; Livelihoods ; Food security ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Rural communities ; Villages / India / Andhra Pradesh Farmer-Managed Groundwater Systems Project / Anantapur / Chittoor / Cuddapah / Kurnool / Mahbubnagar / Nalgonda / Prakasam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050839)
(3.32 MB)
This GRIPP Case Profile assesses whether the proactive involvement of rural communities in the management of groundwater positively contributes towards sustainable resource use. The assessment uses the long-term (2003-2013) Andhra Pradesh Farmer-Managed Groundwater Systems (APFAMGS) project in India as a case study. Implemented across seven districts, the assessment is based on a critical review and synthesis of existing literature and complementary field visits conducted five years after project closure. APFAMGS worked towards creating awareness and bringing about behavioral change to achieve sustainable groundwater use, primarily for irrigation. The approach focused on knowledge transfer and capacity building to set up participatory processes conducive to informal management measures, and technologies supporting participatory hydrological monitoring and crop water budgeting. In addition, awareness creation in relation to demand as well as supply side management options was critical. The analysis suggests that APFAMGS has helped in filling the knowledge and information gaps on groundwater resources among local farming communities. Some degree of long-term reduction in groundwater pumping was observed, but the attribution to the project is not clear, and effects on reducing groundwater level declines may be limited and localized. The APFAMGS approach of participatory groundwater management (PGM) fell short in terms of equity considerations, with implications for the institutional sustainability of the approach. The study provides policy guidance for adopting more inclusive PGM-based institutions on a wider scale.
16 Coley, J. D.; Betz, N.; Helmuth, B.; Ellenbogen, K.; Scyphers , S. B.; Adams, D. 2021. Beliefs about human-nature relationships and implications for investment and stewardship surrounding land-water system conservation. Land, 10(12):1293. (Special issue: Towards Sustainable Land-Water Interactions in the Anthropocene: The Role of Stakeholder Engagement and Participatory Modelling) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/land10121293]
Water systems ; Human behaviour ; Ecological factors ; Beliefs ; Psychological factors ; Urban areas ; Rivers ; Ecosystem services ; Investment ; Stakeholders / USA
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050823)
(0.66 MB) (680 KB)
When engaging stakeholders in environmental conservation, it is critical to understand not only their group-level needs, but also the individually held beliefs that contribute to each person’s decisions to endorse or reject policies. To this end, we examined the extent to which people conceptualize the interconnected relationship between humans and nature in the context of a hypothetical urban waterway, and the implications thereof for environmental investment and stewardship. We also explored how these beliefs varied based on describing the waterway as having either local or global impacts, and as originating either naturally or through artificial processes. Three hundred and seventy-nine adults from the United States read vignettes about a polluted urban waterway and thereafter reported their investment in river clean-up, their stewardship of the river, and their beliefs surrounding human-nature relationships. Results revealed a common belief pattern whereby humans were believed to impact the urban river disproportionately more than the river impacts humans, suggesting that lay adults often weigh the impacts of humans on the natural world disproportionally. Critically, this disproportionate pattern of thinking inversely predicted investment of time and money in river clean-up. Results also revealed a potential solution to this psychological bias: highlighting local benefits of the waterway decreased the asymmetry of the human-nature relationship. We discuss the psychological factors contributing to this cognitive bias, and the implications of these findings on stakeholder engagement.
17 Ng, Michelle; de Haan, N.; King, B.; Langan, Simon. 2021. Promoting inclusivity and equity in information and communications technology for food, land, and water systems. Cali, Colombia: CGIAR Platform for Big Data in Agriculture. 64p.
Information and Communication Technologies ; Equity ; Inclusion ; Water systems ; Social change ; Digital divide ; Innovation ; Models ; Gender ; Sustainable Development Goals
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050850)
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/115154/Promoting%20inclusivity%20and%20equity%20in%20ICTs%20%284%29.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050850.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050850.pdf
(19.40 MB) (19.4 MB)
18 Gotor, E.; Nedumaran, S.; Cenacchi, N.; Tran, N.; Dunston, S.; Dermawan, A.; Valera, H.; Wiberg, David; Tesfaye, K.; Mausch, K.; Langan, Simon. 2021. Land and water systems: looking to the future and a more resilient and sustainable society and environment. SocArXiv. 24p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/ajs6q]
Land management ; Water systems ; Water management ; Resilience ; Sustainability ; Society ; Climate change adaptation ; Climate change mitigation ; Water resources ; Models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050899)
(1.01 MB) (1.01 MB)
Food, land, and water systems are facing unprecedented change. The world’s population is projected to grow to approximately 10 billion people by 2050, while aging and declining in some regions. Global average incomes are expected to keep increasing at a slow but steady pace. With increasing incomes and the ability of consumers to purchase more and better food in combination with population growth, food demand is projected to grow substantially over the next three decades. Meanwhile, demographic changes and economic development also drive urbanization, migration, and structural transformation of rural communities. At the same time changes to precipitation and temperature as well as the occurrence of extreme events driven by climate change are becoming more prevalent and impacting society and the environment. Currently, humanity is approaching or exceeding planetary boundaries in some areas, with over-use of limited productive natural resources such as water and phosphate, net emissions of greenhouse gases, and decreases in biodiversity.
Much is published about food and agriculture and the supporting/underpinning land and water systems, but no single source focuses regularly and systematically on the future of agriculture and food systems, particularly on the challenges and opportunities faced by developing countries. This working paper is part of an effort by the CGIAR foresight team to help fill that gap. The effort recognizes that there is much to learn from past experience, and there are clearly many urgent and immediate challenges, but given the pace and complexity of change we are currently experiencing, there is also an increasing need to look carefully into the future of food, land, and water systems to inform decision making today.
Much is published about food and agriculture and the supporting/underpinning land and water systems, but no single source focuses regularly and systematically on the future of agriculture and food systems, particularly on the challenges and opportunities faced by developing countries. This working paper is part of an effort by the CGIAR foresight team to help fill that gap. The effort recognizes that there is much to learn from past experience, and there are clearly many urgent and immediate challenges, but given the pace and complexity of change we are currently experiencing, there is also an increasing need to look carefully into the future of food, land, and water systems to inform decision making today.
19 van Koppen, Barbara; Raut, Manita; Rajouria, Alok; Khadka, Manohara; Pradhan, P.; GC, R. K.; Colavito, L.; O’Hara, C.; Rautanen, S.-L.; Nepal, P. R.; Shrestha, P. K. 2022. Gender equality and social inclusion in community-led multiple use water services in Nepal. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 29p. (IWMI Working Paper 203) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2022.200]
Multiple use water services ; Gender equality ; Social inclusion ; Community involvement ; Water resources ; Water supply ; Supply chains ; Right to water ; Water availability ; Drinking water ; Domestic water ; Water, sanitation and hygiene ; Participatory approaches ; Decision making ; Governmental organizations ; Non-governmental organizations ; Households ; Women ; Livelihoods ; Vulnerability ; Water sharing ; Solar energy ; Food security ; Nexus ; Rural areas ; Water systems ; Infrastructure ; Irrigation ; Small scale systems ; Sustainability ; Benefit-cost ratio ; Financing ; Income ; Competition / Nepal / Dailekh / Sarlahi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050908)
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The Constitution of Nepal 2015 enshrines everyone’s right of access to clean water for drinking and the right to food. The common operationalization of the right to water for drinking is providing access to infrastructure that brings water for drinking and other basic domestic uses near and at homesteads. Challenges to achieving this goal in rural areas include: low functionality of water systems; expansion of informal self supply for multiple uses; widespread de facto productive uses of water systems designed for domestic uses; growing competition for finite water resources; and male elite capture in polycentric decision-making. This paper traces how the Nepali government and nongovernmental organizations in the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), irrigation and other sectors have joined forces since the early 2000s to address these challenges by innovating community-led multiple use water services (MUS). The present literature review of these processes complemented by field research supported by the Water for Women Fund focuses on women in vulnerable households.
Overcoming sectoral silos, these organizations support what is often seen as the sole responsibility of the WASH sector: targeting infrastructure development to bring sufficient water near and at homesteads of those left behind. Women’s priorities for using this water are respected and supported, which often includes productive uses, also at basic volumes. In line with decentralized federalism, inclusive community-led MUS planning processes build on vulnerable households’ self supply, commonly for multiple uses, and follow their priorities for local incremental infrastructure improvements. Further, community-led MUS builds on community-based arrangements for ‘sharing in’ and ‘sharing out’ the finite water resources in and under communities’ social territories. This realizes the constitutional right to food in line with the Nepal Water Resources Act, 1992, which prioritizes core minimum volumes of water for everyone’s domestic uses and many households’ irrigation. Evidence shows how the alleviation of domestic chores, women’s stronger control over food production for nutrition and income, and more sustainable infrastructure mutually reinforce each other in virtuous circles out of gendered poverty. However, the main challenge remains the inclusion of women and vulnerable households in participatory processes.
Overcoming sectoral silos, these organizations support what is often seen as the sole responsibility of the WASH sector: targeting infrastructure development to bring sufficient water near and at homesteads of those left behind. Women’s priorities for using this water are respected and supported, which often includes productive uses, also at basic volumes. In line with decentralized federalism, inclusive community-led MUS planning processes build on vulnerable households’ self supply, commonly for multiple uses, and follow their priorities for local incremental infrastructure improvements. Further, community-led MUS builds on community-based arrangements for ‘sharing in’ and ‘sharing out’ the finite water resources in and under communities’ social territories. This realizes the constitutional right to food in line with the Nepal Water Resources Act, 1992, which prioritizes core minimum volumes of water for everyone’s domestic uses and many households’ irrigation. Evidence shows how the alleviation of domestic chores, women’s stronger control over food production for nutrition and income, and more sustainable infrastructure mutually reinforce each other in virtuous circles out of gendered poverty. However, the main challenge remains the inclusion of women and vulnerable households in participatory processes.
20 Magalhaes, M.; Ringler, C.; Verma, Shilp; Schmitter, Petra. 2021. Accelerating rural energy access for agricultural transformation: contribution of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems to transforming food, land and water systems in a climate crisis. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 26p. (WLE Legacy Series 3) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2022.202]
Agriculture ; Transformation ; Energy policies ; Rural areas ; CGIAR ; Research programmes ; Agrifood systems ; Land use ; Water systems ; Climate change ; Energy consumption ; Solar energy ; Irrigation systems ; Groundwater ; Electricity ; Pumps ; Technology ; Investment ; Innovation ; Pilot projects ; Environmental sustainability ; Emission reduction ; Resource recovery ; Reuse ; Income generation ; Business models ; Capacity development ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Women ; Food security / Africa / Asia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050910)
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With adverse impacts of climate change growing in number and intensity, there is an urgent need to reduce emissions from food systems to net zero. This can only be achieved if rural areas in low- and middle-income countries gain access to clean energy. A review of the research and capacity building contributions of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) over the last 10 years suggests important contributions in the areas of energy policy and energy investment planning, cost and feasibility frameworks, and business models for clean energy technology uptake. WLE has also conducted successful pilot projects on solar irrigation to provide an evidence base for scaling up innovative energy initiatives. Finally, the program also considered non-agricultural uses of energy where relevant to food systems, and implemented capacity building activities.
Going forward, CGIAR has a key role to play in providing information, supporting access and piloting innovative, scalable clean energy interventions to support the achievement of multiple impacts for the poorest and most food-insecure women and men farmers and entrepreneurs.
Going forward, CGIAR has a key role to play in providing information, supporting access and piloting innovative, scalable clean energy interventions to support the achievement of multiple impacts for the poorest and most food-insecure women and men farmers and entrepreneurs.
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