Your search found 71 records
1 Tortajada, C.; Biswas, A. K. 2020. COVID-19 heightens water problems around the world. Water International, 45(5):441-442. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2020.1790133]
COVID-19 ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Sanitation ; Drinking water ; Water supply ; Developing countries ; Developed countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049864)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02508060.2020.1790133?needAccess=true#aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGFuZGZvbmxpbmUuY29tL2RvaS9wZGYvMTAuMTA4MC8wMjUwODA2MC4yMDIwLjE3OTAxMzM/bmVlZEFjY2Vzcz10cnVlQEBAMA==
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049864.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049864.pdf
(0.47 MB) (485 KB)
2 Zambrano-Monserrate, M. A.; Ruano, M. A.; Sanchez-Alcalde, L. 2020. Indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment. Science of the Total Environment, 728:138813. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138813]
COVID-19 ; Environmental impact ; Pandemics ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Air quality ; Beaches ; Nitrogen dioxide ; Waste management ; Physical distancing ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049899)
(1.29 MB)
This research aims to show the positive and negative indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment, particularly in the most affected countries such as China, USA, Italy, and Spain. Our research shows that there is a significant association between contingency measures and improvement in air quality, clean beaches and environmental noise reduction. On the other hand, there are also negative secondary aspects such as the reduction in recycling and the increase in waste, further endangering the contamination of physical spaces (water and land), in addition to air. Global economic activity is expected to return in the coming months in most countries (even if slowly), so decreasing GHG concentrations during a short period is not a sustainable way to clean up our environment.
3 Foladori, P.; Cutrupi, F.; Segata, N.; Manara, S.; Pinto, F.; Malpei, F.; Bruni, L.; La Rosa, G. 2020. SARS-CoV-2 from faeces to wastewater treatment: what do we know?: a review. Science of the Total Environment, 743:140444. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140444]
COVID-19 ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Wastewater treatment ; Treatment plants ; Faeces ; Sewage ; Disease transmission ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Pandemics ; Monitoring
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049955)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720339668/pdfft?md5=cf32f7ecde41e4fb13f3164badf40c61&pid=1-s2.0-S0048969720339668-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049955.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049955.pdf
(0.90 MB) (924 KB)
SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has been found in the faeces of infected patients in numerous studies. Stool may remain positive for SARS-CoV-2, even when the respiratory tract becomes negative, and the interaction with the gastrointestinal tract poses a series of questions about wastewater and its treatments. This review aims to understand the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in faeces and sewage and its fate in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).
The viral load in the faeces of persons testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 was estimated at between 5·103 to 107.6 copies/mL, depending on the infection course. In the sewerage, faeces undergo dilution and viral load decreases considerably in the wastewater entering a WWTP with a range from 2 copies/100 mL to 3·103 copies/mL, depending on the level of the epidemic. Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage, although no evidence of COVID-19 transmission has been found via this route, could be advantageously exploited as an early warning of outbreaks. Preliminary studies on WBE seem promising; but high uncertainty of viral loads in wastewater and faeces remains, and further research is needed.
The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage, based on RNA sequences and RT-PCR, requires a shared approach on sample pre-treatment and on-site collection to ensure comparable results. The finding of viral RNA in stools does not imply that the virus is viable and infectious. Viability of CoVs such as SARS-CoV-2 decreases in wastewater - due to temperature, pH, solids, micropollutants - but high inactivation in WWTPs can be obtained only by using disinfection (free chlorine, UVC light). A reduction in the quantity of disinfectants can be obtained by implementing Membrane-Bioreactors with ultrafiltration to separate SARS-CoV-2 virions with a size of 60–140 nm. In sludge treatment, thermophilic digestion is effective, based on the general consensus that CoVs are highly sensitive to increased temperatures.
The viral load in the faeces of persons testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 was estimated at between 5·103 to 107.6 copies/mL, depending on the infection course. In the sewerage, faeces undergo dilution and viral load decreases considerably in the wastewater entering a WWTP with a range from 2 copies/100 mL to 3·103 copies/mL, depending on the level of the epidemic. Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage, although no evidence of COVID-19 transmission has been found via this route, could be advantageously exploited as an early warning of outbreaks. Preliminary studies on WBE seem promising; but high uncertainty of viral loads in wastewater and faeces remains, and further research is needed.
The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage, based on RNA sequences and RT-PCR, requires a shared approach on sample pre-treatment and on-site collection to ensure comparable results. The finding of viral RNA in stools does not imply that the virus is viable and infectious. Viability of CoVs such as SARS-CoV-2 decreases in wastewater - due to temperature, pH, solids, micropollutants - but high inactivation in WWTPs can be obtained only by using disinfection (free chlorine, UVC light). A reduction in the quantity of disinfectants can be obtained by implementing Membrane-Bioreactors with ultrafiltration to separate SARS-CoV-2 virions with a size of 60–140 nm. In sludge treatment, thermophilic digestion is effective, based on the general consensus that CoVs are highly sensitive to increased temperatures.
4 Barbier, E. B.; Burgess, J. C. 2020. Sustainability and development after COVID-19. World Development, 135:105082. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105082]
COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Sustainability ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Developing countries ; Fossil fuels ; Renewable energy ; Sanitation ; Rural areas ; Water supply ; Policies
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049966)
(0.55 MB)
Developing countries are highly vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic, in part due to the lack of international support for ensuring progress towards the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Yet the mounting financial burden faced by all countries means that additional support is unlikely to be forthcoming in the near future. It is critical that developing countries find innovative policy mechanisms to achieve sustainability and development aims in a cost-effective manner. This requires identifying affordable policies that can yield immediate progress towards several SDGs together and aligns economic incentives for longer term sustainable development. We identify three policies that meet these criteria: a fossil fuel subsidy swap to fund clean energy investments and dissemination of renewable energy in rural areas; reallocating irrigation subsidies to improve water supply, sanitation and wastewater infrastructure; and a tropical carbon tax, which is a levy on fossil fuels that funds natural climate solutions. Such innovative and cost-effective policy mechanisms do not require substantial external support, and they foster greater progress towards achieving the SDGs in poorer economies.
5 Ibn-Mohammed, T.; Mustapha, K. B.; Godsell, J.; Adamu, Z.; Babatunde, K. A.; Akintade, D. D.; Acquaye, A.; Fujii, H.; Ndiaye, M. M.; Yamoah, F. A.; Koh, S. C. L. 2020. A critical analysis of the impacts of COVID-19 on the global economy and ecosystems and opportunities for circular economy strategies. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 164:105169. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105169]
COVID-19 ; Economic systems ; Ecosystems ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Strategies ; Economic growth ; Socioeconomic impact ; Air pollution ; Carbon dioxide ; Emission reduction ; Waste management ; Energy ; Supply chains ; Policies ; Pandemics ; Models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049986)
(9.40 MB)
The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic on the 11th of March 2020, but the world is still reeling from its aftermath. Originating from China, cases quickly spread across the globe, prompting the implementation of stringent measures by world governments in efforts to isolate cases and limit the transmission rate of the virus. These measures have however shattered the core sustaining pillars of the modern world economies as global trade and cooperation succumbed to nationalist focus and competition for scarce supplies. Against this backdrop, this paper presents a critical review of the catalogue of negative and positive impacts of the pandemic and proffers perspectives on how it can be leveraged to steer towards a better, more resilient low-carbon economy. The paper diagnosed the danger of relying on pandemic-driven benefits to achieving sustainable development goals and emphasizes a need for a decisive, fundamental structural change to the dynamics of how we live. It argues for a rethink of the present global economic growth model, shaped by a linear economy system and sustained by profiteering and energy-gulping manufacturing processes, in favour of a more sustainable model recalibrated on circular economy (CE) framework. Building on evidence in support of CE as a vehicle for balancing the complex equation of accomplishing profit with minimal environmental harms, the paper outlines concrete sector-specific recommendations on CE-related solutions as a catalyst for the global economic growth and development in a resilient post-COVID-19 world.
6 Shehvaar, D.; Idris, W.; Ahmed, M. 2020. Climate change and the surge for pandemics. Journal of Sustainable Development, 13(3):138-143. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v13n3p138]
Climate change ; Pandemics ; COVID-19 ; Environmental impact ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Political aspects ; Economic aspects
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049977)
http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/download/0/0/42911/44866
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049977.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049977.pdf
(0.16 MB) (168 KB)
The pandemic of the century has caused great concern about the global environmental crisis. The article outlines the various aspects of the surge of pandemic its link to climate change along with the prospects for the nation-states and how they have seen it as a challenge as it is being seen as taking thousands of lives. In the literature review, the research problem that has been tailored is if the pandemic can create a common awareness about the global climate crisis that has destructive projections for the globe itself. A causal link between the surge of pandemics and climate change that helps spread the viruses has been created. In addition to this, we further argue that the nation-states and their exploitative corporate goals that are manipulating the environment should be curbed through decisive steps.
7 Pan, S. L.; Zhang, S. 2020. From fighting COVID-19 pandemic to tackling sustainable development goals: an opportunity for responsible information systems research. International Journal of Information Management, 55:102196. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102196]
Sustainable Development Goals ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Information systems ; Research ; Scientists ; Public health ; Physical distancing ; Stakeholders
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049992)
(0.25 MB)
The recent outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant threat to the healthy lives and well-being of billions of people worldwide. As the world begins to open up from lockdowns and enters an unprecedented state of vulnerability, or what many have called “the new normal”, it makes sense to reflect on what we have learned, revisit our fundamental assumptions, and start charting the way forward to contribute to building a sustainable world. In this essay, we argue that despite its significant damage to human lives and livelihoods, the coronavirus pandemic presents an excellent opportunity for the human family to act in solidarity and turn this crisis into an impetus to achieve the United Nation’s (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). In this article, we will highlight the six relevant themes that have evolved during the pandemic and the corresponding topics that future researchers could focus on. We conclude by issuing a call for more research attention on tackling SDG through developing the concept and practice of digital sustainability.
8 Sovacool, B. K.; Rio, D. F. D.; Griffiths, S. 2020. Contextualizing the Covid-19 pandemic for a carbon-constrained world: insights for sustainability transitions, energy justice, and research methodology. Energy Research and Social Science, 68:101701. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101701]
Covid-19 ; Pandemics ; Sustainability ; Carbon ; Energy policies ; Renewable energy ; Health care ; Climate change ; Physical distancing ; Vulnerability
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049993)
(17.50 MB)
The global Covid-19 pandemic has rapidly overwhelmed our societies, shocked the global economy and overburdened struggling health care systems and other social institutions around the world. While such impacts of Covid-19 are becoming clearer, the implications of the disease for energy and climate policy are more prosaic. This Special Section seeks to offer more clarity on the emerging connections between Covid-19 and energy supply and demand, energy governance, future low-carbon transitions, social justice, and even the practice of research methodology. It features articles that ask, and answer: What are the known and anticipated impacts of Covid-19 on energy demand and climate change? How has the disease shaped institutional responses and varying energy policy frameworks, especially in Africa? How will the disease impact ongoing social practices, innovations and sustainability transitions, including not only renewable energy but also mobility? How might the disease, and social responses to it, exacerbate underlying patterns of energy poverty, energy vulnerability, and energy injustice? Lastly, what challenges and insights does the pandemic offer for the practice of research, and for future research methodology? We find that without careful guidance and consideration, the brave new age wrought by Covid-19 could very well collapse in on itself with bloated stimulus packages that counter sustainability goals, misaligned incentives that exacerbate climate change, the entrenchment of unsustainable practices, and acute and troubling consequences for vulnerable groups.
9 Kalbusch, A.; Henning, E.; Brikalski, M. P.; de Luca, F. V.; Konrath, A. C. 2020. Impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) spread-prevention actions on urban water consumption. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 163:105098. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105098]
COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Disease prevention ; Urban environment ; Water use ; Social isolation ; Quarantine ; Water supply ; Households ; Case studies ; Models / Brazil / Joinville
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049994)
(1.73 MB)
This article aims to assess the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) spread-prevention actions on water consumption, based on a case study in Joinville, Southern Brazil. Residential water consumption data, obtained through telemetry in two periods (before and after a governmental action imposing quarantine and social isolation), were analyzed. Complementarily, the analyses were also applied to the commercial, industrial and public consumption categories. For the analysis, Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric tests were applied and Prais-Winsten regression models were adjusted. The results of the Wilcoxon test show that there are significant differences between the analyzed periods, indicating a water consumption drop in the commercial, industrial and public categories, and an increase in the residential category. The regression model results confirm the effect of the restrictive actions in reducing consumption in non-residential categories. The results also indicate an increase in water consumption, which was steeper in apartment buildings than in houses, whether isolated or grouped in condominiums. A weak association was found between the variation in water consumption and the spatial distribution of buildings. Understanding water consumption related aspects is important to gather essential information to ensure the urban water supply system is resilient in a pandemic situation.
10 Matchaya, Greenwell; Nhlengethwa, Sibusiso; Greffiths, Jacob; Fakudze, Bhekiwe. 2020. Maize grain price trends in food surplus and deficit areas of Mozambique under Covid-19. AKADEMIYA2063: Covid-19 Bulletin, 7:1-4.
Food prices ; Economic trends ; Food surplus ; Food shortages ; Maize ; Grain ; COVID-19 ; Domestic markets ; Forecasting / Mozambique
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050019)
https://akademiya2063.org/uploads/Covid-19-Bulletin-007.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050019.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050019.pdf
(0.84 MB) (857 KB)
This bulletin presents an overview of maize price movements in Mozambique with the view of investigating whether there may be a relationship between the incidence of Covid-19 and maize price changes in local markets.
11 Matchaya, Greenwell; Fakudze, Bhekiwe; Nhlengethwa, Sibusiso; Greffiths, Ikhothatseng. 2020. Maize grain price trends in food surplus and deficit areas of Malawi under Covid-19. AKADEMIYA2063: Covid-19 Bulletin, 11:1-5.
Food prices ; Economic trends ; Food surplus ; Food shortages ; Maize ; Grain ; COVID-19 ; Domestic markets ; Urban areas ; Rural areas ; Forecasting ; Models / Malawi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050047)
https://www.akademiya2063.org/uploads/Covid-19-Bulletin-011.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050047.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050047.pdf
(0.85 MB) (866 KB)
Understanding staple food price dynamics is important for planning and targeting of interventions to protect livelihoods among the poor and vulnerable in time of crisis.
12 Ossome, L. 2020. The care economy and the state in Africa’s COVID-19 responses. Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 12p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2020.1831448]
COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Economic situation ; Policies ; Gender ; Labour ; Households ; Social aspects ; Political aspects ; Living standards / Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050024)
(0.94 MB)
The responses of many low- and middle-income households to Covid-19 in Africa were mediated by the state through various means including direct cash transfers, food distribution, and distribution of rural agricultural produce to urban areas, in response to the social reproduction crisis that the pandemic precipitated. Taking the relationship between the state and household as its focus, this article reflects on the social and political questions emerging at the conjuncture of social provisioning and economic collapse. Central to these concerns is the structure of care economies in Africa and their relationship to the capitalist state.
13 Jain, A.; Lilienthal, G. 2020. Water rights in India: economic good, fundamental rights, or human rights? Commonwealth Law Bulletin, 23p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/03050718.2020.1836500]
Water rights ; Human rights ; Economic aspects ; Groundwater ; Drinking water ; Legal aspects ; Water law ; Water use ; COVID-19 ; Hand hygiene ; Sanitation ; Government / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050028)
(0.53 MB)
While India battles COVID-19, hand washing is the survival strategy. The research objective is to critically examine water rights in India. The research asks whether there are rights to water in India, and if so, what kind. The thesis proposition is that India has derivative rights to water that are neither fundamental nor human rights. The research methodology is by narrative analysis. States prefer an economic good theory, rom the Dublin Statement. Fundamental rights to ground water in India are unlikely to be shifted. The India Constitution now provides additional rights. Human rights for water are only derivative and undeclared.
14 Obergassel, W.; Hermwille, L.; Oberthur, S. 2020. Harnessing international climate governance to drive a sustainable recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Climate Policy, 10p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2020.1835603]
Climate change ; International agreements ; Governance ; Sustainability ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; International organizations ; Standards ; UNFCCC ; Policies ; Economic recovery
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050030)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epub/10.1080/14693062.2020.1835603?needAccess=true
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050030.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050030.pdf
(1.10 MB) (1.10 MB)
The impacts of the COVID-19 crisis and the global response to it will co-determine the future of climate policy. The recovery packages responding to the impacts of the pandemic may either help to chart a new sustainable course, or they will further cement existing high-emission pathways and thwart the achievement of the Paris Agreement objectives. This article discusses how international climate governance may help align the recovery packages with the climate agenda. For this purpose, the article investigates five key governance functions through which international institutions may contribute: send guidance and signals, establish rules and standards, provide transparency and accountability, organize the provision of means of implementation, and promote collective learning. Reflecting on these functions, the article finds that the process under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), together with other international institutions, could promote sustainable recovery in several ways.
15 Suhardiman, Diana; Rigg, J.; Bandur, M.; Marschke, M.; Miller, M. A.; Pheuangsavanh, N.; Sayatham, M.; Taylor, D. 2021. On the coattails of globalization: migration, migrants and COVID-19 in Asia. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 47(1):88-109. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1844561]
Migration ; Migrants ; Migrant labour ; Labour mobility ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Sustainable livelihoods ; Globalization ; Working conditions ; Unemployment ; Remuneration ; Uncertainty ; Social aspects ; Economic aspects ; Households / Asia / Bangladesh / India / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Myanmar / Singapore / Thailand / China
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050115)
(1.73 MB)
Positioning migrants as quintessential globalisation subjects, this paper reveals how the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the ambivalent positioning of migration as a pathway for human development. Drawing on interviews with international and domestic labour migrants from Bangladesh, India, Laos and Myanmar working in Laos, Myanmar, China, Singapore and Thailand, the paper explores the vulnerabilities, challenges and opportunities that have come with migration and how these have been reconfigured as the pandemic has progressed, disproportionately heightening migrants’ exposure to the virus and their socioeconomic precarity. Through their personal stories, the paper provides insights into the evolving livelihood pathways of migrant workers during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, their (changing) views of migration as a route to progress, and tentatively sets out how ruptures caused by the pandemic may lead to a re-thinking of livelihood pathways for such men and women and their families.
16 Nicol, Alan; Abdoubaetova, A.; Wolters, A.; Kharel, A.; Murzakolova, A.; Gebreyesus, A.; Lucasenco, E.; Chen, F.; Sugden, F.; Sterly, H.; Kuznetsova, I.; Masotti, M.; Vittuari, M.; Dessalegn, Mengistu; Aderghal, M.; Phalkey, N.; Sakdapolrak, P.; Mollinga, P.; Mogilevskii, R.; Naruchaikusol, S. 2020. Between a rock and a hard place: early experience of migration challenges under the Covid-19 pandemic. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 22p. (IWMI Working Paper 195) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2020.216]
Migration ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Labour market ; Migrant labour ; Unemployment ; Livelihoods ; Health hazards ; Income ; Remittances ; Economic activities ; Poverty ; Social inequalities ; Food supply ; Households ; Rural areas ; State intervention ; Governance ; Quarantine ; Travel restrictions ; Border closures ; Policies ; Assessment ; Uncertainty / China / Ethiopia / Kyrgyzstan / Republic of Moldova / Morocco / Nepal / Thailand
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050125)
(1.92 MB)
This working paper was produced under the European Union Horizon 2020 funded AGRUMIG project and traces the impact of Covid-19 on migration trends in seven project countries – China, Ethiopia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Morocco, Nepal and Thailand.
The context of global migration has changed dramatically due to the coronavirus pandemic. Both within and between countries there has been a substantial curtailment of movement. As a result of multiple lockdowns, economic activity has severely declined and labor markets have ground to a halt, with mass unemployment in industrialized economies looming on the horizon. For both migrant hosting and origin countries – some are substantially both – this poses a set of complex development challenges.
Partners of the AGRUMIG project undertook a rapid review of impacts across project countries, exploring the impacts on rural households but also identifying the persistent desire to migrate in spite of restrictions.
The context of global migration has changed dramatically due to the coronavirus pandemic. Both within and between countries there has been a substantial curtailment of movement. As a result of multiple lockdowns, economic activity has severely declined and labor markets have ground to a halt, with mass unemployment in industrialized economies looming on the horizon. For both migrant hosting and origin countries – some are substantially both – this poses a set of complex development challenges.
Partners of the AGRUMIG project undertook a rapid review of impacts across project countries, exploring the impacts on rural households but also identifying the persistent desire to migrate in spite of restrictions.
17 Nhlengethwa, Sibusiso; Matchaya, Greenwell; Greffiths, Jacob; Fakudze, Bhekiwe. 2020. Maize grain price trends in food surplus and deficit areas of Zambia under the COVID-19 pandemic. AKADEMIYA2063: Covid-19 Bulletin, 14:1-5.
Maize ; Grain ; Food prices ; Economic trends ; Food surplus ; Food shortages ; Markets ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Travel restrictions / Zambia / Lusaka / Copperbelt / Eastern Province / Central Province
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050167)
https://akademiya2063.org/uploads/Covid-19-Bulletin-014.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050167.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050167.pdf
(0.82 MB) (837 KB)
18 Nhlengethwa, Sibusiso; Matchaya, Greenwell; Greffiths, Jacob; Fakudze, Bhekiwe. 2020. Maize flour price trends in rural districts and urban districts of Lesotho under COVID-19. AKADEMIYA2063: Covid-19 Bulletin, 15:1-5.
Maize ; Corn flour ; Food prices ; Forecasting ; Economic trends ; Rural areas ; Urban areas ; Markets ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Travel restrictions / Lesotho / Berea / Maseru / Mokhotlong / Thaba-Tseka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050168)
https://akademiya2063.org/uploads/Covid-19-Bulletin-015.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050168.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050168.pdf
(0.88 MB) (901 KB)
This bulletin focuses on the relationship between maize flour price trends and the actions in response to COVID-19 Pandemic in Lesotho. An understanding of food price movement is important for providing guidance on policy interventions that would ensure food security among households and the country at large.
19 CGIAR System Organization. 2020. Responding to COVID-19: CGIAR's contribution to global response, recovery and resilience. Montpellier, France: CGIAR System Organization. 48p.
COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; CGIAR ; Research programmes ; Agricultural research ; Food security ; Nutrition security ; Resilience ; Food systems ; Value chains ; Water systems ; Livelihoods ; Poverty ; Gender equality ; Public health ; Environmental health ; Social protection ; Inclusion ; Sustainability ; Policies ; Investment ; Income ; Strategies ; Economic impact
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049854)
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/108548/CGIAR-Responding-to-COVID-19.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049854.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049854.pdf
(2.81 MB) (2.81 MB)
The COVID-19 pandemic, itself likely the result of unsustainable food, land and water systems, is exposing weaknesses in food systems, societies and economies around the world. The health risks of the pandemic, combined with the social and economic impacts of measures to stop the spread of the disease (e.g. social isolation directives, travel bans, border closures) are posing threats to food, nutrition and water security, as well as continued progress on global goals to end poverty and hunger, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Without substantial emergency relief, 140 million people could fall into extreme poverty, potentially increasing hunger and malnutrition for millions. Women, youth, migrant workers and poor urban populations are among those most significantly impacted. The global response to the pandemic must be swift and science-based, harnessing new and existing knowledge. Solutions need to be coordinated across sectors to provide immediate response and assistance for those most in need, ongoing and inclusive support in recovery and, perhaps most importantly, future resilience to all shocks–including climate extremes. The COVID-19 crisis presents an unprecedented opportunity for humanity to “build back better,” particularly in the food systems at the root of the pandemic. The crisis has demonstrated how quickly society can fail – but also that collective positive change in human behavior is possible at scale and speed. CGIAR will join its network of partners to co-lead global debate and action on what “building back better” looks like for food, water and land systems.
20 Botzen, W.; Duijndam, S.; van Beukering, P. 2021. Lessons for climate policy from behavioral biases towards COVID-19 and climate change risks. World Development, 137: 105214. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105214]
Climate change adaptation ; Climate change mitigation ; Policies ; Risk reduction ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Health hazards ; Decision making ; Sustainability
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050089)
(0.24 MB)
COVID-19 and climate change share several striking similarities in terms of causes and consequences. For instance, COVID-19 and climate change affect deprived and vulnerable communities the most, which implies that effectively designed policies that mitigate these risks may also reduce the widening inequalities that they cause. Both problems can be characterized as low-probability–high consequence (LP-HC) risks, which are associated with various behavioral biases that imply that individual behavior deviates from rational risk assessments by experts and optimal preparedness strategies. One could view the COVID-19 pandemic as a rapid learning experiment about how to cope more effectively with climate change and develop actions for reducing its impacts before it is too late. However, the ensuing question relates to whether the COVID-19 crisis and its aftermath will speed up climate change mitigation and adaptation policies, which depends on how individuals perceive and take action to reduce LP-HC risks. Using insights into behavioral biases in individual decisions about LP-HC risks based on decades of empirical research in psychology and behavioral economics, we illustrate how parallels can be drawn between decision-making processes about COVID-19 and climate change. In particular, we discuss six important risk-related behavioral biases in the context of individual decision making about these two global challenges to derive lessons for climate policy. We contend that the impacts from climate change can be mitigated if we proactively draw lessons from the pandemic, and implement policies that work with, instead of against, an individual’s risk perceptions and biases. We conclude with recommendations for communication policies that make people pay attention to climate change risks and for linking government responses to the COVID-19 crisis and its aftermath with environmental sustainability and climate action.
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