Your search found 4 records
1 Wu, Z.; McKay, J.; Keremane, G. 2014. Stormwater reuse for sustainable cities: the South Australian experience. In Maheshwari, B.; Purohit, R.; Malano, H.; Singh, V. P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. (Eds.). The security of water, food, energy and liveability of cities: challenges and opportunities for peri-urban futures. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.137-150. (Water Science and Technology Library Volume 71)
Water management ; Aquifers ; Recharge ; Rainwater ; Wastewater treatment ; Water reuse ; Water quality ; Health hazards ; Periurban areas ; Communities ; Towns ; Sustainability / South Australia / Adelaide / Salisbury / Charles Sturt
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047025)
Australia has a high level of urbanisation by world standards and the state of South Australia has one of the most concentrated settlement patterns in Australia. Rapid population growth and a drought ending in 2010 have placed increased pressure on urban water resources. Addressing this issue requires that we consider a diverse portfolio of water supply options for non-potable uses. South Australia actually leads the nation in alternative non-potable water sources, with stormwater capture and reuse, wastewater recycling and rainwater tank ownership. However, past studies have identified public health concerns and a lack of public acceptance as major challenges in implementing water reuse strategies. This paper is based on an internet survey of the communities residing in the periphery of the city of Adelaide in South Australia and about their attitudes and intentions to use treated stormwater for various non-potable uses. We found that respondents’ emotions and perceptions of health risks regarding the use of treated stormwater were closely related to the proximity of the end use to human contact. In terms of the quality attributes, colour, odour and salt levels were all considered important, but odour was the most important for all potential uses, except washing cars. The quality preferences were also closely related to the proximity of the end use to human contact.
2 Wu, Z.; Tian, G.; Han, X.; Li, J.; Xia, Q. 2023. Can the water resources tax policy effectively stimulate the water saving behavior of social water users? A DSGE model embedded in water resources tax. PLOS ONE, 18(3):e0281920. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281920]
Water resources ; Policies ; Water conservation ; Water users ; Models ; Economic development ; Economic growth ; Water use ; Taxes ; Sustainable development ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Social change ; Households ; Parameters / China / Hebei
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051802)
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0281920&type=printable
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051802.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051802.pdf
(1.74 MB) (1.74 MB)
Whether the implementation of the water resources tax policy can stimulate the water-saving behavior of social water users is one of the important criteria for evaluating the implementation effect of the tax reform policy. Taking Hebei Province, the first tax reform pilot in China, as an example. A dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model (DSGE) with embedded water resources tax is constructed to simulate the persistent impact of water resources tax on water-saving objectives. The research shows that: (1) Water resources tax can effectively achieve the goal of water-saving and improve the utilization efficiency of water resources. (2) Levying water resources tax helps to improve the water-saving awareness of enterprises and residents. It can also encourage enterprises to optimize production structures. (3) Rational and efficient use of special water resources protection funds is the basis for ensuring the effective implementation of water resources tax. It can also improve the recycling capacity of water resources. The results show that the government should speed up formulating a reasonable water resources tax rate and accelerate the construction of water resources tax protection measures. To ensure the relatively steady state of water resources utilization and protection, and achieve the dual goals of sustainable economic development and sustainable use of water resources. The research results of this paper reveal the internal logic of the comprehensive impact of water resources tax on the economy and society and provide an important basis for the national promotion of tax reform policy.
3 Zeng, Y.; Liu, D.; Guo, S.; Xiong, L.; Liu, P.; Chen, J.; Yin, J.; Wu, Z.; Zhou, W. 2023. Assessing the effects of water resources allocation on the uncertainty propagation in the water-energy-food-society (WEFS) nexus. Agricultural Water Management, 282:108279. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108279]
Water resources ; Water availability ; Nexus approaches ; Uncertainty ; Sustainable development ; Models ; Climate change ; Water shortage ; Water flow ; Upstream ; Downstream ; Water supply ; Food shortages ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Water demand ; Food production / Chaina / Hanjiang River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051846)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377423001440/pdfft?md5=34477725d5a384fd6fa305b41758a107&pid=1-s2.0-S0378377423001440-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051846.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051846.pdf
(8.09 MB) (8.09 MB)
The water–energy–food–society (WEFS) nexus is profiled for sustainable development. The WEFS nexus exhibits strong uncertainty owing to the stochasticity of model structure, and water availability uncertainty under climate change and human activities. The WEFS nexus remains highly risky, as the uncertainty propagation in the WEFS nexus under the regulation of water resources allocation has rarely been investigated. In this study, white Gaussian noises were integrated into a system dynamic model for the WEFS nexus simulation, transforming the nexus from deterministic to stochastic. Based on a Monte Carlo simulation of the stochastic WEFS nexus with water availability uncertainty, the copula function was applied to evaluate the joint distributions between water availability and water shortage rates in the upstream and downstream zones to investigate the uncertainty propagation in the WEFS nexus. The effects of water resources allocation on the uncertainty propagation were analyzed by setting different water resources allocation schemes. The proposed approach was applied to the mid–lower reaches of Hanjiang River basin in China as a case study. The results indicate that an effective water resources allocation scheme can ensure water supply, and diminish the impacts of water availability uncertainty on water supply through reservoir operation. The annual average water supply rate increased from 84.74% to 93.45%, and the standard deviation decreased from 3.37% to 1.78%. The high-level environmental awareness evoked by water or food shortages decreased significantly with smaller uncertainty. The co-evolution of the WEFS was ensured through its nexus. Water storage capacity was the vital factor to regulate the uncertainty propagation in the WEFS nexus. The impacts of upstream water availability uncertainty were efficiently regulated via reservoir operation for the zones with sufficient water storage capacity. Water supply was ensured and there was no significant response of the WEFS through its nexus to different water resources allocation schemes. If there was few water storage capacity in a zone, the water supply was remarkably influenced by the water availability uncertainty in the upstream zone. The water supply was difficult to ensure, and was sensitive to different water resources allocation schemes. The environmental awareness evoked by water or food shortages increased. The environmental awareness feedback under the impacts of the noises increased water demand uncertainty by altering the socioeconomic expansion, further increased WEFS uncertainty through its nexus, particularly when water availability was much smaller than water demand. The proposed approach can help quantify the effects of water resources allocation on the uncertainty propagation in the WEFS nexus and contribute to the sustainable development of the WEFS nexus.
4 Zeng, Y.; Liu, D.; Guo, S.; Xiong, L.; Liu, P.; Chen, J.; Chen, H.; Yin, J.; Wu, Z.; Zhou, W. 2024. Assessment of the impacts of water resources allocation on the reliability, resilience and vulnerability of the water–energy–food–society (WEFS) nexus system. Agricultural Water Management, 295:108780. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2024.108780]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: PendingH052815)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037837742400115X/pdfft?md5=8496ca5a699c81f26bfb31572ae0b85d&pid=1-s2.0-S037837742400115X-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052815.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052815.pdf
(7.47 MB) (7.47 MB)
To ensure water, energy and food supply security in the future, examining resources shortage risks within the integrated management strategy of the water-energy-food-society (WEFS) nexus system under uncertainties is necessary. Reliability, resilience, and vulnerability (RRV) are the most popular criteria for quantifying risks. However, their current applications focus on individual systems and adopt constant resource shortage rate thresholds across different spatial scales. To consider the interconnections in the WEFS nexus system and reflect the spatial heterogeneities of resource shortage risks when estimating the RRV, this study proposed a framework for estimating the RRV of the WEFS nexus system under uncertainties through a WEFS nexus model integrating water resources allocation model. Water availability uncertainty was simulated using Monte Carlo simulation and inputted into the stochastic WEFS nexus model. The water, energy, and food shortage rates outputted from the WEFS nexus model were used to determine the RRV of the WEFS nexus system. The impacts of water resources allocation on the RRV of the WEFS nexus system were studied by investigating its response to different water resources allocation scenarios at the basin and operational zone scales. The results indicated that water resources allocation can effectively ensure water supply through reservoir operation and further decrease the shortage risk of water and food systems through its nexus. The vulnerability of the water system decreased from 15.87% to 6.71% and the RRV of the food system improved from 27.33%, 8.20%, and 13.15–69.84%, 26.17%, and 7.03%, respectively. The energy shortage risk increased with increasing energy demand, with a trade-off between water and energy systems, the RRV of which decreased from extremely low levels to 69.84%, 26.17%, and 7.03%. The water shortage risk exhibited spatial heterogeneities owing to the uneven distribution of the water regulating capacity. The water shortage risk significantly decreased in areas with sufficient water regulating capacity but remained high in areas with few water regulating capacity and further propagated from upstream to downstream through hydrologic connections. Even an insignificant water shortage can be found across the basin, risking water system and further the WEFS nexus system through its nexus. Our proposed framework for assessing the impacts of water resources allocation on the RRV of the WEFS nexus system can not only help understand the risk of the WEFS nexus system under uncertainties, but also contribute to the integrated planning and management of water, energy, and food.
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