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1 Vasani, H. 2023. International water law and hydropolitics: an enquiry into the water conflict between India and Nepal. Water International, 48(2):259-281. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2023.2176595]

International waters ; Transboundary waters ; Water law ; Political aspects ; Conflicts ; Benefit-sharing mechanisms ; Water power ; Case studies / India / Nepal / Delhi / Kathmandu / Pancheshwar / Koshi River Basin

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051722)

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/02508060.2023.2176595?needAccess=true&role=button
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051722.pdf

(5.16 MB) (5.16 MB)

Despite an open border, shared culture, religious ties and strong people-to-people connectivity, governance of transboundary water resources has often led to diplomatic conflicts between India and Nepal. It is not unusual for hydro-development projects between the two to run into delays or opposition, despite great domestic need for water and electricity in both countries. Using fieldwork in Delhi and Kathmandu, this paper illustrates the factors that impede cooperation between the two sides on shared rivers and how the inadequacies of international water laws manifest themselves in bilateral negotiations on water governance. The paper locates the benefit-sharing framework in international water law using the case studies of the Pancheshwar and the SaptaKoshi–SunKoshi Project in the Mahakali and Koshi basins.

2 Gulte, E.; Tadele, H.; Haileslassie, Amare; Mekuria, Wolde. 2023. Perception of local communities on protected areas: lessons drawn from the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia. Ecosystems and People, 19(1):2227282. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2227282]

Protected areas ; Local communities ; Attitudes ; National parks ; Benefit-sharing mechanisms ; Biodiversity conservation ; Community organizations ; Participatory management ; Planning ; Economic benefits ; Income generation ; Awareness-raising ; Multi-stakeholder processes ; Livestock ; Ecotourism ; Livelihoods ; Household surveys / Ethiopia / Bale Mountains National Park

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052099)

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/26395916.2023.2227282?needAccess=true&role=button
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052099.pdf

(2.79 MB) (2.79 MB)

A study targeting the Bale Mountains National Park in Ethiopia was conducted to gain a deeper understanding of local communities’ opinion on benefits and disbenefits of protected areas and existing benefit-sharing mechanisms and to suggest future research for development direction related to the management of protected areas. Household surveys, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were tools used to collect data. The results obtained through the analysis of the factors affecting the attitude of local communities on the park and its management demonstrated that efforts should be concentrated on improving communication with local communities and short-term economic benefits as well as identifying the reasons for the unhealthy relationships and addressing them. These issues can partly be addressed through creating and supporting effective and functioning multistakeholder platforms for dialogue and co-production of knowledge, continuous meetings and awareness-raising campaigns and integrating more income-generating activities. The results also suggested that park management and government authorities use their authority to decide how local communities should participate in Bale Mountains National Park management initiatives. Such a top-down approach affects the sustainability of the efforts to conserve protected areas because local stakeholders lack incentives to participate. This also leads to inadequate understanding of the complex relationships between people and protected areas they depend on and the inability to tailor management responses to specific needs and conditions. The study discussed the implications of the results for future planning and management of protected areas and forwarded recommendations for policy and future research for development directions.

3 Lautze, Jonathan; Meelad, A.; Hayat, S. 2023. Co-operation in the Afghanistan–Pakistan river basins. In Shah, Muhammad Azeem Ali; Lautze, Jonathan; Meelad, A. (Eds.). Afghanistan–Pakistan shared waters: state of the basins. Wallingford, UK: CABI. pp.143-161. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1079/9781800622371.0009]

Transboundary waters ; River basins ; International cooperation ; Frameworks ; Water sharing ; Benefit-sharing mechanisms ; Policies / Afghanistan / Pakistan / Kabul River Basin / Kurram River Basin / Gomal River Basin

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052174)

https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/epdf/10.1079/9781800622371.0009
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052174.pdf

(3.45 MB) (3.45 MB)

In transboundary waters, co-operative basin management is widely believed to offer benefits over and above those of separate and unilateral management by riparian countries. Nonetheless, co-operation on shared waters does not always exist. The Kabul, Kurram and Gomal basins, shared by Afghanistan and Pakistan, present examples of river basins that lack co-operation despite the benefits that could be accrued. This chapter takes stock of existing co-operation in the Kabul, Kurram and Gomal basins to suggest catalysts for co-operation. The chapter reviews the current status of water co-operation between the two countries and the adverse consequences due to the current status quo. Factors constraining co-operation are then presented, followed by the benefits that can be derived from co-operation and frameworks that can guide its development. Finally, practical incentives for scaling up co-operation, and specific small steps that can be taken, are presented. A particular value-addition of this chapter is a granular distillation of the key points on which co-operation should focus and the mechanisms and modalities that can enable that focus.