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1 Girma, G.; Melka, Y.; Haileslassie, Amare; Mekuria, Wolde. 2023. Participatory forest management for improving livelihood assets and mitigating forest degradation: lesson drawn from the Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia. Current Research in Environmental Sustainability, 5:100205. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2022.100205]

Sustainable forest management ; Participatory approaches ; Sustainable livelihoods ; Forest degradation ; Environmental degradation ; Climate change adaptation ; Institutions ; Households ; Local communities / Ethiopia / Central Rift Valley / Heban Arsi

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051657)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666049022000834/pdfft?md5=64d4b84e7067f0e85050e1e4a186993b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666049022000834-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051657.pdf

(3.23 MB) (3.23 MB)

The study was conducted in Heban Arsi district, Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia to investigate the contribution of participatory forest management (PFM) to improving household’s livelihood assets and mitigating forest degradation. Data were gathered using household surveys, observation, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. During the entire study, 231 households (131 from PFM; 100 form non-PFM households), 35 key informants (25 from PFM; 10 from non-PFM) and 10 focus groups (6 from PFM; 4 from non-PFM) were involved. The livelihood assets framework was used to organize and analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative data was analyzed using topic coding and building categories, themes, and patterns of relationships. The introduction of PFM significantly (P < 0.05) improved the overall natural (index value of 0.72 and 0.58 for PFM and non-PFM, respectively), financial (0.73 and 0.61), physical (0.49 and 0.37), human (0.62 and 0.57) and social (0.77 and 0.59) livelihood asset values of local communities and contributed to the mitigation of forest degradation. On average, households involved in PFM displayed a 61.6%, 45.7%, 30.8% and 24.2% improvements in natural, financial, physical, and social assets, respectively. Households engaged in PFM showed a 37.4% improvement on the overall livelihood assets value, suggesting that PFM households displayed better livelihood assets compared to non-PFM households. However, the overall contribution of PFM to the livelihood assets showed skewed structure, suggesting that the improvements deviate from sustainability. The existing institutional structure including bylaws contributed a lot to strengthen PFM. Yet, it is crucial to strengthening the protection of forestlands through improving rule enforcement and commitments of both formal and informal institutions in managing forest resources. Also, sustaining the extraction of wood and non-wood forest products and the benefits from as well as integration of other interventions in PFM areas such as the provision of improved cook stoves and solar PV could help reduce forest degradation, improve the sense of ownership among local communities and sustain PFM activities. Further, expanding capacity building trainings and improving access to market could play a great role to sustainably manage forest resources through increasing the participation of local communities in decision making processes.

2 Ali, H.; Menza, M.; Hagos, Fitsum; Haileslassie, Amare. 2023. Impact of climate smart agriculture on households’ resilience and vulnerability: an example from Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia. Climate Resilience and Sustainability, 2(2):e254. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/cli2.54]

Climate-smart agriculture ; Households ; Climate resilience ; Vulnerability ; Indicators ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Climate change ; Agricultural practices ; Mitigation ; Rural areas ; Livestock ; Food consumption / Africa South of Sahara / Ethiopia / Central Rift Valley / Arsi Negele / Dugda / Meskan / Heban Arsi

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051959)

https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cli2.54
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051959.pdf

(0.35 MB) (355 KB)

Climate change is causing serious challenges for smallholder farm households, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The overarching objectives of this study are as follows: (i) to estimate household resilience and vulnerability indices, (ii) identify factors that explain these indices and (iii) to examine the impact of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) on households’ resilience and vulnerability, and (iv) to identify which CSA package performs better in enhancing resilience and reducing vulnerability. For this study, 278 farm households from 4 districts and 8 kebeles from the Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia were randomly selected using a three-stage proportional to size sampling procedure. Cross-sectional data applying a structured and pretested survey questionnaire was collected for 2020/21 production season. Household resilience and vulnerability indices were estimated using resilience index and measurement analysis and indicators approaches, respectively. Multinomial endogenous switching regression was used to estimate the average treatment effects (ATEs) of the adoption of CSA practices on households’ resilience and vulnerability. The results show that livestock holding, land size, level of education, and state of food consumption are major explaining factors of resilience, whereas educational level of households, livestock holding, and access to credit are found to be major factors explaining vulnerability. The estimated ATEs indicate that households which adopted more diversified combinations of CSA packages were more resilient and less vulnerable than non-adopter households. The impacts of soil fertility management and conservation agriculture practices have better performance in improving resilience, whereas conservation agriculture and small-scale irrigation performed better in reducing the vulnerability of rural households in CRV. Boosting resilience and reducing vulnerability, hence, requires scaling up CSA among smallholder farmers by diversifying and raising farm households’ income, educational status, and livestock holding.