Your search found 4 records
1 Kumar, M. D.; Kumar, S.; Bassi, N. 2022. Factors influencing groundwater behaviour and performance of groundwater-based water supply schemes in rural India. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 22p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2021.2021866]
Water supply ; Groundwater recharge ; Aquifers ; Drinking water ; Water levels ; Water depth ; Water use ; Irrigation water ; Infiltration ; Monsoons ; Rain ; Policies ; Rural areas ; Sustainability ; Models / India / Maharashtra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050915)
(1.48 MB)
This study investigates the factors influencing groundwater behaviour during the monsoon using data on rainfall, pre-monsoon depth of the water levels, groundwater level fluctuations, aquifer specific yield, and soil infiltration characteristics. It shows the effect of pre-monsoon depth of the water levels along with rainfall, soil infiltration and specific yield in controlling recharge during the monsoon. It also explores the factors influencing the performance of drinking water schemes. It shows that the intensity of irrigation demand, extent of gravity-based surface irrigation, aquifer storage space, and the aquifer recharge potential are important determinants for the sustainability of the groundwater-based drinking water schemes.
2 Wang, Z.; Guo, J.; Ling, H.; Han, F.; Kong, Z.; Wang, W. 2022. Function zoning based on spatial and temporal changes in quantity and quality of ecosystem services under enhanced management of water resources in arid basins. Ecological Indicators, 137:108725. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108725]
Water resources ; Water management ; River basin management ; Arid zones ; Ecosystem services ; Groundwater ; Water depth ; Evapotranspiration ; Indicators ; Ecological factors ; Soil moisture ; Farmland ; Vegetation index / China / Tarim River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051042)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X22001960/pdfft?md5=e6486faba3832bd2330718ca8ff536a1&pid=1-s2.0-S1470160X22001960-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051042.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051042.pdf
(6.62 MB) (6.62 MB)
With global warming, the contradiction between the supply and demand of water resources is increasingly prominent in arid areas. Enhancing water resource management is an important way to alleviate the shortage of ecological water supply and improve ecosystem services in arid river basins. However, previous studies have rarely conducted comprehensive function zoning of ecosystem services using two aspects: category (quantity) and strength change (quality), based on the changes in ecosystem services. In this regard, two scientific problems need to be solved:(1) quantifying the temporal and spatial changes of ecosystem services and (2) conducting function zoning of ecosystem services in terms of quantity and quality. To answer these two questions, we took the upper and middle reaches of the Tarim River Basin in China as the study area. According to the eco-environmental characteristics of arid basins, this study measured four key indices: carbon storage (CAS), evapotranspiration (ET), temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) and groundwater depth (GWD). We used the related model to quantitatively analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of these four indicators and the spatial aggregation characteristics of increases and decreases. We used the Reclassify tool of ArcGIS 10.5 to classify areas with more than two important zones as high-quantity ecosystem services zones. We used factor analysis, combined with Quantile, to divide ecosystem service quality into high-quality and low-quality zones. Considering the quantity and quality of ecosystem services, we divided ecosystem services into important, general, sensitive and fragile ecosystem services zones. Based on comprehensive zoning results during 2000–2018, an ecosystem services restoration zoning was determined. We used correlation analysis to analyze the basic drivers of changes in these four indicators. The results showed that during 2000–2018, CAS and ET in the Tarim River Basin increased by 0.2% and 15.3%, respectively, TVDI decreased by 22.5% and GWD rose by 1.7%. In 2018, the hot spots of CAS, ET, TVDI and GWD accounted for a small proportion of the whole study area, accounting for 3.8%, 5.9%, 9.0% and 1.4%, respectively. Compared with 2000, the high-quantity zone of ecosystem services increased by 10.7% and the high-quality zone of ecosystem services increased by 2.0% in 2018. This clearly showed that water diversion and riverway loss were the main factor driving changes in ecosystem services. In terms of maintaining groundwater depth and increasing vegetation coverage, specific counter measures and suggestions for increasing the number of ecosystem services (“increment”) and improving the quality of ecosystem services (“quality improvement”) were proposed. This study can provide a scientific reference for achieving optimal management of water resource systems for similar river basins in arid regions.
3 Zhang, R.; Wu, J.; Yang, Y.; Peng, X.; Li, C.; Zhao, Q. 2022. A method to determine optimum ecological groundwater table depth in semi-arid areas. Ecological Indicators, 139:108915. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108915]
Groundwater table ; Water depth ; Indicators ; Ecological factors ; Semiarid zones ; Models ; Normalized difference vegetation index ; Uncertainty ; Remote sensing ; Soil water content ; Populus / China / Inner Mongolia / Hetao Irrigation District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051128)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X22003867/pdfft?md5=99831de53fd285ba271967a2781724db&pid=1-s2.0-S1470160X22003867-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051128.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051128.pdf
(9.24 MB) (9.24 MB)
Groundwater depth (GWD) is an important factor to sustain the ecological integrity of some ecosystems and is often used as an indicator of environmental quality in dry areas. Single-scale data gained from quadrat surveys is always used to establish a relationship with GWD to determine the optimum GWD. However, the randomness and uncertainty in single-scale data may result in insufficient reliability of results. To overcome this shortage, multiple growth indicators of poplar trees (Populus euphratica) in Hetao Irrigation District, including average crown width (ACW), tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), mean ring spacing (MRC), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), were acquired by field sampling and remote sensing. These indicators were used to establish relationships with the GWD by considering spatial and temporal variation to identify the optimum GWD. The cloud model was introduced and its three digital features derived from optimum groundwater depth data (expectation: Ex, entropy: En, and super-entropy: He) were calculated to construct the reverse cloud models W (Ex, En, He) for describing ecological GWD to determine the optimum ecological GWD in semi-arid areas. The results show that the optimum GWD range was 1.60–2.20 m. The cloud models obtained on spatial and temporal scales were WS (2.01, 0.07, 0.04) and WT (1.78, 0.10, 0.02), respectively. The resulting comprehensive cloud model WC (1.87, 0.14, 0.03) exhibited better variability, so 1.87 m was taken as the optimum GWD for poplars. This method can determine the regional ecological groundwater level more accurately and effectively, and provide evaluation indicators for the management of regional groundwater.
4 Chunga, B. A.; Marx, W.; Cai, Xueliang; de Clercq, W.; Watson, A.; Malota, M. 2023. Water allocation using system dynamic modelling in the aquaculture integrated with small-scale irrigation systems in Malawi. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 129:103355. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2022.103355]
Water allocation ; Modelling ; Aquaculture ; Small-scale irrigation ; Decision support systems ; Fish ponds ; Maize ; Crop production ; Soil water balance ; Water depth ; Water-use efficiency ; Biomass production ; Crop yield ; Water resources ; Rainfall ; Rural areas ; Farmers ; Climate change / Malawi / Zomba / Chingale
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051813)
(5.07 MB)
The agricultural sector is faced with numerous challenges including climate change and water scarcity in many developing countries. In order to address scarcity and improve water use efficiency for rural farmers, fish farming is being integrated with small-scale irrigation. However, there are challenges in how to allocate water between the two farming enterprises. This study explored the capabilities of system dynamics to allocate water between a fish pond and a crop field in Chingale, Malawi using a system dynamic software, Vensim™ PLE. For soil water and pond water, a simple water balance structure was built and connected to the crop growth structure. Simulations run for 125 days corresponding to the maize growth period. Model results are similar to the actual yield (about 3.5 ton/ha for hybrid) and biomass production (about 7 ton/ha) in the area. Results also show it was possible to maintain pond water depth at recommended depths for raising fish: fish stocking (1 m), operation of the pond (1.5–2.0 m) and harvesting of the fish (less than 1.2 m) throughout the maize growing period. While the study did not comprehensively build and simulate fish growth, the use of such simple tools would benefit rural farmers with few resources. Based on the promising capabilities and the results of the tool it is recommended that further comprehensive analysis to fully incorporate all key sub-components affecting crop and fish growth be carried out.
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