Your search found 5 records
1 Khan, A. R.; Muhammad, S.. 2000. A spatio-temporal analysis of rainfall in the canal command areas of the Indus Plains. Lahore, Pakistan: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Pakistan National Program. xi, 35p. (IWMI Pakistan Report R-104) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.544]
Rain ; Precipitation ; Estimation ; Irrigation canals ; Statistical analysis / Pakistan / Indus Plains
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IIMI 551.577 G730 KHA Record No: H026909)
(2MB)
2 Ullah, M. K.; Habib, Z.; Muhammad, S.. 2001. Spatial distribution of reference and potential evapotranspiration across the Indus Basin Irrigation Systems. Lahore, Pakistan: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) Pakistan. vi, 55p. (IWMI Working Paper 024 / Pakistan Country Series 008) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.165]
Ecology ; Climate ; Irrigation canals ; Evapotranspiration ; Crops ; Water demand / Pakistan / Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI-PAK, IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.2 G730 ULL Record No: H029426)
(474 KB)
3 Janjua, S.; Hassan, I.; Muhammad, S.; Ahmed, S.; Ahmed, A. 2021. Water management in Pakistan's Indus Basin: challenges and opportunities. Water Policy, 23(6):1329-1343. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2021.068]
Water management ; River basins ; Groundwater ; Water extraction ; Water policies ; Sustainability ; Water availability ; Water supply ; Surface water ; Water demand ; Water storage ; Infrastructure ; Water allocation ; Irrigated farming ; Irrigation systems ; Climate change / Pakistan / Indus Basin / Punjab / Sindh / Baluchistan / Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050758)
https://iwaponline.com/wp/article-pdf/23/6/1329/971899/023061329.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050758.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050758.pdf
(0.58 MB) (590 KB)
The Indus River System is a major source of life in Pakistan. A vast array of Pakistan's agricultural and domestic consumption needs are critically dependent on the Indus River System. The Indus River contributes towards 25% of the country's gross domestic product, providing water for almost 90% of the food production in Pakistan. Linked to the water security issues, Pakistan is potentially at risk of facing a severe food shortage in the near future. The World Bank report of 2020–2021 estimates that the water shortage will increase to 32% by 2025, which will result in a food shortage of almost 70 million tons. Water shortage could also result in confrontation between the provinces as river sharing has always been a source of problem for Pakistan. According to recent estimates, siltation and climate change will reduce the water storage capacity by 2025 to almost 30%. As for the per capita water storage capacity in Pakistan, it is about 150 m3, which is quite meagre in comparison with that in other countries. Irrigated agriculture will soon be adversely affected due to the reduced surface water supplies and the consequent increase in groundwater abstraction. To make matters worse, over the past decades, a great deal of distrust has developed among the provinces of Pakistan regarding the water distribution issue, and the successive federal governments have failed to formulate a cohesive inter-provincial National Water Policy. Along with the shortages and increasing demand for water, administrative corruption also plagues the water sector and is quite common. The beneficiaries of this water reallocation system are not only the rural elite, for example the large and politically influential landlords, but also the small and medium capitalist farmers. If not properly addressed, these complications of decreasing water resources could result in serious political and economic hostility among the provinces. If it wants to harness its potential to increase storage capacity, Pakistan must improve its water-use efficiency and manage its groundwater and surface water resources in a sustainable way. Strengthening the institutions and removing mistrust among the provinces are the key elements for maintaining a sustainable irrigated agriculture in the Indus Basin.
4 Din, I. U.; Muhammad, S.; ur Rehman, I. 2023. Groundwater quality assessment for drinking and irrigation purposes in the Hangu District, Pakistan. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 115:104919. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104919]
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Drinking water ; Irrigation water ; Water springs ; Tube wells ; Wells ; Weathering ; Physicochemical processes ; Models ; Anthropogenic factors ; Electrical conductivity ; Statistical methods / Pakistan / Kohat Plateau / Khyber Pakhtunkhwa / Hangu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052128)
(5.76 MB)
The current study examined the groundwater quality of different water sources for drinking and irrigation purposes in Hangu District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Groundwater samples (n = 71) were collected from various sources, including spring, bore well, dug well, and tube well, and analyzed for physicochemical parameters. Results showed that most of the physicochemical parameters were found within the world health organization (WHO) guidelines set for drinking water, except turbidity, magnesium (Mg+2), sodium (Na+), fluoride (F ), chloride (Cl ), nitrate (NO3 ), and sulfate (SO42-). The drinking water quality index (WQI) was evaluated and categorized as good to poor. Irrigation indices such as sodium hazards, including sodium percentage (Na+%) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) were calculated. According to SAR and Wilcox diagrams, the water was suitable for irrigation, except for 5% of sampling sites. Piper’s and Gibb’s plot models described that water quality mainly exhibited calcium-bicarbonate (Ca-HCO3) types and showed rock weathering dominance, respectively. According to statistical assessments, geogenic causes of rock weathering are the most crucial source of regulating the water quality in the area.
5 ur Rehman, N.; Ali, W.; Muhammad, S.; Tepe, Y. 2024. Evaluation of drinking and irrigation water quality, and potential risks indices in the Dera Ismail Khan District, Pakistan. Kuwait Journal of Science, 51(1):100150. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjs.2023.11.001]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: PendingH052808)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307410823001918/pdfft?md5=8f8accd40eb435d1f7284efd8faf16a1&pid=1-s2.0-S2307410823001918-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052808.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052808.pdf
(7.98 MB) (7.98 MB)
This study sought to asses drinking and irrigation water quality in the Dera Ismail (DI) Khan District, Pakistan with the aid of using drinking water quality index (WQI) and irrigation water quality indices (IWQI). Seventy two water samples were collected from various water sources such as tube wells, dug wells, hand pumps, streams, and springs throughout the DI Khan district. The investigated physicochemical parameters include pH, TDS, EC, turbidity, total hardness, major cations (Na, K, Ca, Mg), anions (Cl, HCO3, SO4), and heavy metals (Fe, Mo, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn). IWQI used in the study includes Kelly's ratio (KR), permeability index (PI), sodium percent (Na%), Magnesium Hazard (MH), potential salinity (PS), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). With the mean value of 63, WQI revealed that most samples are placed in the good category, with a smaller fraction in the excellent and poor classes. On the other hand, a health risk assessment of the data pointed out that the molybdenum (Mo) and chromium (Cr) concentrations in drinking water could pose health risks to children of the concerned population. Rock weathering appears to be the dominant hydro-geochemical pathway controlling water chemistry, Ca–Mg–HCO3 being the dominant facies, followed by Na–HCO3. Kelly's ratio (KR), sodium percent (Na%), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) had values higher than the recommended threshold. The use of water for irrigation of agricultural fields may raise relevant ecological concerns in the studied district.
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