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1 Wang, M.; Chen, X.; Sidike, A.; Cao, L.; DeMaeyer, P.; Kurban, A.. 2021. Optimal allocation of surface water resources at the provincial level in the Uzbekistan Region of the Amudarya River Basin. Water, 13(11):1446. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w13111446]
Surface water ; Water resources ; Water allocation ; River basins ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water distribution ; Water use ; Livestock ; Irrigation ; Ecology ; Canals ; Economic aspects ; Models ; Optimization / Central Asia / Uzbekistan / Amudarya River Basin / Aral Sea / Kashkadarya River / Zarafshan River / Bukhara / Samarkand / Navoiy / Khorezm / Karakalpakstan / Karshi Canal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050536)
(2.31 MB) (2.31 MB)
Water users in the Amudarya River Basin in Uzbekistan are suffering severe water use competition and uneven water allocation, which seriously threatens ecosystems, as shown, for example, in the well-known Aral Sea catastrophe. This study explores the optimized water allocation schemes in the study area at the provincial level under different incoming flow levels, based on the current water distribution quotas among riparian nations, which are usually ignored in related research. The optimization model of the inexact two-stage stochastic programming method is used, which is characterized by probability distributions and interval values. Results show that (1) water allocation is redistributed among five different sectors. Livestock, industrial, and municipality have the highest water allocation priority, and water competition mainly exists in the other two sectors of irrigation and ecology; (2) water allocation is redistributed among six different provinces, and allocated water only in Bukhara and Khorezm can satisfy the upper bound of water demand; (3) the ecological sector can receive a guaranteed water allocation of 8.237–12.354 km3; (4) under high incoming flow level, compared with the actual water distribution, the total allocated water of four sectors (except for ecology) is reduced by 3.706 km3 and total economic benefits are increased by USD 3.885B.
2 Goli, I.; Azadi, H.; Najafabadi, M. O.; Lashgarara, F.; Viira, A.-H.; Kurban, A.; Sklenicka, P.; Janeckova, K.; Witlox, F. 2023. Are adaptation strategies to climate change gender neutral? Lessons learned from paddy farmers in northern Iran. Land Use Policy, 125:106470. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106470]
Climate change adaptation ; Strategies ; Gender ; Women ; Rice ; Farmers ; Sustainable livelihoods ; Vulnerability ; Agricultural products ; Food security ; Infrastructure ; Human capital ; Social capital ; Natural capital ; Drought ; Villages ; Communities ; Households / Iran Islamic Republic / Mazandaran
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051533)
(3.16 MB)
Adopting a qualitative approach, this study performs a gender analysis of the climate change effects on rice farmers’ adaptation strategies (AS) in Mazandaran Province (northern Iran) based on the sustainable livelihood approach. For this purpose, 36 male and female heads of households in Arab Mahalla and Qajar Khel villages and 10 heads of households in Kiasar village (in Mazandaran Province) were selected and studied through theoretical and purposeful sampling methods of Corbin and Strauss. These villages have the highest number of female household heads and have been severely affected by the climate crisis in recent years. For the male-headed households (n = 23), the most important climate crisis was drought (f=16), and for the female-headed households (n = 23), drought, cold, and early off-season frost and monsoon storms were the most important (f=13). The results also indicated that in climatic crises, human (X¯=12.35) and social (X¯=13) capital from the women’s perspective and financial (X¯=12.5) and physical (X¯=13) capital from the men’s perspective had the highest vulnerability percentages whereas natural capital was equally affected from both the men’s and women’s viewpoints. One of the innovative aspects of this study is the gender analysis of the impact of climate change on the AS of sustainable livelihood framework based on a qualitative approach. This study recommends that beyond increasing the diversity of living amid climate change, deliberate climate change efforts should be directed at women and that fundamental gender discrimination such as prejudices and gender inequality should be eliminated.
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