Your search found 4 records
1 Garrick, D.; De Stefano, L.; Yu, Winston; Jorgensen, I.; O’Donnell, E.; Turley, L.; Aguilar-Barajas, I.; Dai, X.; de Souza Leao, R.; Punjabi, B.; Schreiner, B.; Svensson, J.; Wight, C. 2019. Rural water for thirsty cities: a systematic review of water reallocation from rural to urban regions. Environmental Research Letters, 14(4):043003. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab0db7]
Water allocation ; Water supply ; Rural communities ; Urbanization ; Access and benefit-sharing ; Transfer of waters ; Projects ; Water demand ; Water rights ; Water use ; Rural urban relations ; Conflicts ; Compensation ; Water policy ; Decision making
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049531)
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab0db7/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049531.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049531.pdf
(2.10 MB) (2.10 MB)
Background: Competition for freshwater between cities and agriculture is projected to grow due to rapid urbanization, particularly in the Global South. Water reallocation from rural to urban regions has become a common strategy to meet freshwater needs in growing cities. Conceptual issues and associated measurement problems have impeded efforts to compare and learn from global experiences. This review examines the status and trends of water reallocation from rural to urban regions based on academic literature and policy documents.
Methods: We conduct a systematic literature review to establish the global reallocation database (GRaD). This process yielded 97 published studies (academic and policy) on rural-to-urban reallocation. We introduce the concept of reallocation ‘dyads’ as the unit of analysis to describe the pair of a recipient (urban) and donor (rural) region. A coding framework was developed iteratively to classify the drivers, processes and outcomes of water reallocation from a political economy perspective.
Results: The systematic review identified 69 urban agglomerations receiving water through 103 reallocation projects (dyads). Together these reallocation dyads involve approximately 16 billion m3 of water per year moving almost 13 000 kilometres to urban recipient regions with an estimated 2015 population of 383 million. Documented water reallocation dyads are concentrated in North America and Asia with the latter constituting the majority of dyads implemented since 2000.
Synthesis: The analysis illustrates how supply and demand interact to drive water reallocation projects, which can take many forms, although collective negotiation and administrative decisions are most prevalent. Yet it also reveals potential biases and gaps in coverage for parts of the Global South (particularly in South America and Africa), where reallocation (a) can involve informal processes that are difficult to track and (b) receives limited coverage by the English-language literature covered by the review. Data regarding the impacts on the donor region and compensation are also limited, constraining evidence to assess whether a water reallocation project is truly effective, equitable and sustainable. We identify frameworks and metrics for assessing reallocation projects and navigating the associated trade-offs by drawing on the concept of benefit sharing.
Methods: We conduct a systematic literature review to establish the global reallocation database (GRaD). This process yielded 97 published studies (academic and policy) on rural-to-urban reallocation. We introduce the concept of reallocation ‘dyads’ as the unit of analysis to describe the pair of a recipient (urban) and donor (rural) region. A coding framework was developed iteratively to classify the drivers, processes and outcomes of water reallocation from a political economy perspective.
Results: The systematic review identified 69 urban agglomerations receiving water through 103 reallocation projects (dyads). Together these reallocation dyads involve approximately 16 billion m3 of water per year moving almost 13 000 kilometres to urban recipient regions with an estimated 2015 population of 383 million. Documented water reallocation dyads are concentrated in North America and Asia with the latter constituting the majority of dyads implemented since 2000.
Synthesis: The analysis illustrates how supply and demand interact to drive water reallocation projects, which can take many forms, although collective negotiation and administrative decisions are most prevalent. Yet it also reveals potential biases and gaps in coverage for parts of the Global South (particularly in South America and Africa), where reallocation (a) can involve informal processes that are difficult to track and (b) receives limited coverage by the English-language literature covered by the review. Data regarding the impacts on the donor region and compensation are also limited, constraining evidence to assess whether a water reallocation project is truly effective, equitable and sustainable. We identify frameworks and metrics for assessing reallocation projects and navigating the associated trade-offs by drawing on the concept of benefit sharing.
2 Yu, Winston; Uhlenbrook, Stefan; von Gnechten, Rachel; van der Bliek, Julie. 2021. Can water productivity improvements save us from global water scarcity?. White paper. Rome, Italy: FAO. 41p.
Water productivity ; Water scarcity ; Agricultural water use ; Water allocation ; Water accounting ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Water resources ; Water management ; Groundwater ; Climate change ; Food security ; Water policies ; Policy making ; Stakeholders ; Farmers
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050553)
(5.12 MB) (5.12 MB)
3 von Gnechten, Rachel; Uhlenbrook, Stefan; van der Bliek, Julie; Yu, Winston. 2021. Can water productivity improvements save us from global water scarcity?. Report of the workshop organized by the WASAG (Global Framework on Water Scarcity in Agriculture) Working Group on Sustainable Agricultural Water Use, Valenzano, Italy, 25-27 February 2020. Rome, Italy: FAO. 35p.
Water productivity ; Water scarcity ; Agricultural water use ; Water allocation ; Water accounting ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Water resources ; Water management ; Groundwater ; Irrigation efficiency ; Climate change ; Water policies ; Policy making ; Farmers ; Case studies
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050554)
(2.20 MB) (2.20 MB)
4 McCartney, Matthew; Rex, William; Yu, Winston; Uhlenbrook, Stefan; von Gnechten, Rachel. 2022. Change in global freshwater storage. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 25p. (IWMI Working Paper 202) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2022.204]
Freshwater resources ; Water storage ; Glaciers ; Permafrost ; Groundwater ; Water depletion ; Reservoirs ; Dams ; Lakes ; Wetlands ; Paddy fields ; Soil moisture ; Sea level ; Water security ; Resilience ; Anthropogenic changes ; Climate change ; Water supply ; Water management ; Water budget ; Estimates ; Sedimentation ; Satellite observation ; Water use ; Irrigation ; Hydropower ; Ecosystem services
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H051016)
(0.99 MB)
Freshwater in both natural and man-made stores is critical for socioeconomic development. Globally, cumulative reduction in terrestrial water storage from 1971 to 2020 is estimated to be of the order of 27,079 Bm3. Although insignificant in comparison to the total volume stored, the decrease in ‘operational’ water stored (i.e., the proportion of water storage that is sustainably utilizable by people) is estimated to be of the order of 3% to 5% since 1971. In many places, both natural and man-made water storage are declining simultaneously, exacerbating water stress. Conjunctive use of different water stores is a prerequisite for water security and it is vital that natural water stores are fully integrated, alongside man-made water infrastructure, in future water resources planning and management.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
