Your search found 12 records
1 Mulligan, M.; Fisher, M.; Sharma, Bharat; Xu, Z. X.; Ringler, C.; Mahe, G.; Jarvis, A.; Ramirez, J.; Clanet, J.-C.; Ogilvie, A.; Ahmad, M. D. 2012. The nature and impact of climate change in the Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF) basins. In Fisher, M.; Cook, Simon (Eds.). Water, food and poverty in river basins: defining the limits. London, UK: Routledge. pp.334-362.
Climate change ; Temperature ; Precipitation ; Seasonality ; River basins ; Food security ; Flow discharge ; Water balance ; Agriculture ; Poverty ; Social aspects ; Living conditions ; Rain / Africa / Asia / South America / Limpopo River Basin / Niger River Basin / Nile River Basin / Volta River Basin / Ganges River Basin / Karkeheh River Basin / Mekong River Basin / Yellow River Basin / Andes River Basins
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044850)
(2.13 MB)
2 Shah, Tushaar; Banerjee, P. S.; Roy, A.; Singhania, S. 2012. Coping with seasonal peak in power demand for irrigation: pros and cons of temporary farm power connections in Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal. IWMI-Tata Water Policy Research Highlight, 4. 9p.
Power ; Irrigation demand ; Farmers ; Seasonality ; Agriculture ; Groundwater management ; Wells ; Pumps ; Economic aspects / India / Madhya Pradesh / West Bengal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045101)
(687.61KB)
3 Eckman, K. 1995. Agriculture Development and Environmental Rehabilitation in the Dry Zone Project [Myanmar]: consultant report. Rome, Italy: FAO. 82p. (FAO Field Document No. 2)
Agricultural development ; Dry farming ; Economic development ; Rural development ; Environmental effects ; Rehabilitation ; Arid zones ; Research projects ; Gender ; Women's participation ; Women in development ; Human resources ; Natural resources ; Land management ; Landlessness ; Land tenure ; Legal aspects ; Households ; Villages ; Indicators ; Income ; Investment ; Organizations ; Institutions ; Agroforestry ; History ; Training programmes ; Decision making ; Farming systems ; Cropping patterns ; Seasonality ; Surveys / Myanmar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H045741)
4 Savoskul, Oxana S.; Smakhtin, Vladimir. 2013. Glacier systems and seasonal snow cover in six major Asian river basins: water storage properties under changing climate. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 61p. (IWMI Research Report 149) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2013.203]
Glaciers ; Monitoring ; Seasonality ; Snow cover ; River basins ; Climate change ; Impact assessment ; Remote sensing ; Water resources ; Water availability ; Water storage ; Hydrological cycle ; Mountains ; Surveys ; Models ; Institutions / Asia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H045908)
(1.75MB)
This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the water storage properties of glaciers and seasonal snow, carried out for the first time at a major river basin scale, for the Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra, Amu Darya, Syr Darya and Mekong basins. It analyzes the changes of glaciers and snow under recent climate change, i.e., between the baseline (1961-1990) and current (2001-2010) periods. The paper also addresses climate change sensitivity of glacier systems and the changes that might be expected under a warming scenario for the end of the twenty-first century.
5 Mekuria, Wolde; Getnet, Kindie; Noble, Andrew; Hoanh, Chu Thai; McCartney, Matthew; Langan, Simon. 2013. Economic valuation of organic and clay-based soil amendments in small-scale agriculture in Lao PDR. Field Crops Research, 149(1):379-389. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.05.026]
Soil amendments ; Economic value ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Farming systems ; Crop yield ; Seasonality ; Maize ; Rain ; Sensitivity analysis ; Cost benefit analysis / Laos / Xaythany District / Veunkham / Naphok
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045994)
(1.68 MB)
At a farm level, economic returns are the single most important attributes that drive farmers to adopt agricultural technologies. This study was carried out at the Naphok and Veunkham villages, Lao PDR,to evaluate the yield response of a maize mono-cropping system to soil amendments and analyze the economic return of such interventions. The amendments were rice husk biochar, bentonite clay, compost, clay-manure compost, and rice husk biochar compost, in isolation and in various combinations. Over a period of two cropping seasons (2011–2012),the enhancement of maize yield due to soil amendments ranged from0.77 to 3.79tha-1 at Naphok and from 1.21 to 5.14tha-1 at Veunkham, resulting in net revenues ranging from -794 to 841 and -331 to 1391 US$ha-1 , respectively. Soils amended with low-cost amendments such as compost, rice husk biochar, rice husk biochar compost, and clay-manure compost were economically viable within the first cropping season. In contrast, soils amended with higher-cost amendments such as bentonite clay requires up to five years to be economically viable. Such variations indicate that taking into account maize yield revenues only does not provide sufficient incentives to farmers to adopt higher-cost soil amendments conclude that there is a possibility to sustainably increase agricultural productivity and improve the income of smallholders using locally available low-cost soil amendments. Our findings provide important information for decision makers to promote the adoption of low-cost soil amendments, and,thereby,to contribute to productivity growth and food security through sustainable intensification.
6 Anwar, Arif A.; Ul Haq, Z. 2013. An old–new measure of canal water inequity. Water International, 38(5):536-551. (Special issue on "Water for food security: challenges for Pakistan" with contributions by IWMI authors). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2013.832124]
Water resources ; Equity ; Irrigation management ; Irrigation systems ; Indicators ; Case studies ; Canals ; Flow discharge ; River basins ; Crops ; Seasonality / Pakistan / Punjab Province / Hakra Branch Canal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H046131)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02508060.2013.832124
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046131.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046131.pdf
(0.43 MB)
The fixed-turn or warabandi system of irrigation management is aimed at providing equitable rationing of Pakistan’s limited water resources. This paper assesses the equity in practice of the warabandi system using the Gini and Theil indices. Defining equity as the delivery of an equal depth of water over the irrigated area for a crop season, distribution is relatively equitable at the distributary level. There is a need for improved indices that represent inequity and the difference between canal capacity and operational flows. This is particularly important for canals in the low- and lowest-priority subsets of the warabandi schedule.
7 Mekong River Commission (MRC). 2003. Water used for agriculture in Lower Mekong Basin: basin development plan. Phnom Penh, Cambodia: Mekong River Commission (MRC). 57p.
Agricultural production ; Water use ; Water consumption ; Water quality ; River basins ; Crop production ; Agricultural development ; Public policy ; Rice ; Seasonality ; Soils ; Fertilizers ; Pesticides ; Irrigation water / Laos / Thailand / Cambodia / Vietnam / Lower Mekong Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 8143 Record No: H046171)
(0.33 MB)
8 Kuppannan, Palanisami; Ranganathan, C. R.; Nagothu, U. S.; Kakumanu, Krishna Reddy. 2014. Climate change and agriculture in India: studies from selected river basins. New Delhi, India: Routledge. 339p.
Climate change ; Adaptation ; Agricultural production ; Crops ; Rice ; Cropping patterns ; River basins ; Technology ; Costs ; Financing ; Water management ; Water availability ; Water use ; Water saving ; Water User Associations ; Socioeconomic environment ; Impact assessment ; Income ; Supplemental irrigation ; Wells ; Models ; Land use ; Seasonality ; Indicators / India / Godavari River Basin / Krishna River Basin / Cauvery River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338.19 G635 KUP Record No: H046228)
(0.29 MB)
9 White, C. J.; Tanton, T. W.; Rycroft, D. W. 2014. The impact of climate change on the water resources of the Amu Darya Basin in Central Asia. Water Resources Management, 28(15):5267-5281. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-014-0716-x]
Water resources ; Climate change ; River basins ; Water availability ; Water demand ; Irrigated sites ; Models ; Forecasting ; Temperature ; Precipitation ; Seasonality ; Glaciers ; Runoff ; Meltwater ; Discharges / Central Asia / Amu Darya Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047762)
(2.85 MB)
Central Asia is facing an unprecedented juxtaposition of regional climate- and water-related issues, emphasised by a changing climate. We investigate the potential impact of long-term climate change on the availability of water resources in the Amu Darya River, one of the two major rivers that feed the Aral Sea, and its effect on irrigation in the region. Using a water balance accounting model developed for the Amu Darya basin, we find that projected increases in summer temperatures of up to 5 °C by 2070–2099 under a high-emission scenario, combined with likely shifts in the seasonality of precipitation, would lead to an increase in crop water consumptive demand of between 10.6 and 16 % (or between 3.7 and 5.5 km3 y-1 ) relative to 1961–1990. By the end of the century, 34 to 49 % of the basin’s existing 3.4 million ha of irrigated land would go unirrigated in a 1:20 year drought. Runoff is also expected to decline by between 10 and 20 % on current levels, however contributions to river flows from unsustainable glacial retreat and snow-melt are likely to remain small. While the uncertainty surrounding the precipitation projections is high, the effect of increased temperatures on irrigation practices in the basin is more robust in the long-term.
10 Mul, Marloes; Pettinotti, L.; Amonoo, Naana Adwoa; Bekoe-Obeng, E.; Obuobie, E. 2017. Dependence of riparian communities on ecosystem services in northern Ghana. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 43p. (IWMI Working Paper 179) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.201]
Ecosystem services ; Riparian zones ; Communities ; Participatory rural appraisal ; Socioeconomic environment ; Living standards ; Mapping ; Seasonality ; Natural resources ; Infrastructure ; Forest reserves ; Shrubs ; Woodlands ; Water storage ; Ponds ; Dams ; River basins ; Stream flow ; Floodplains ; Household consumption ; Domestic consumption ; Gender ; Climate change ; Rain ; Dry season ; Food security ; Income ; Agriculture / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048466)
(1 MB)
This study investigated the dependence of three riparian communities on ecosystem services in northern Ghana. Participatory mapping and ranking exercises in gender-segregated groups were used to elicit information on the communities’ livelihoods. The most important ecosystem-based activities (EBA) are farming, fishing, livestock watering and grazing, collection of wild fruits and vegetables, and provision of water for domestic use. The major EBA are dependent on the seasonal flows of the White Volta River, which are under pressure due to climatic and other anthropogenic changes. For example, observed delays in the start of the rainy season are affecting rainfed agricultural activities on the floodplains. Delayed planting on the floodplains results in damage to, or loss of, crops as floods arrive before the harvest. Moreover, the Bagré Dam in Burkina Faso, built upstream of the communities, has impacted the natural river flow. The planned Pwalugu Dam may, depending on the final operations, support or affect EBA. We, therefore, recommend that operations of the Pwalugu Dam should take into consideration the flow requirements of EBA downstream of the dam.
11 Dyer, E.; Washington, R.; Taye, Meron Teferi. 2020. Evaluating the CMIP5 [Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5] ensemble in Ethiopia: creating a reduced ensemble for rainfall and temperature in Northwest Ethiopia and the Awash Basin. International Journal of Climatology, 40(6):2964-2985. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6377]
Climate change ; Models ; Evaluation ; Rain ; Temperature ; Climatic data ; Trends ; Observation ; Seasonality ; Simulation ; Forecasting ; River basins ; Policies / Ethiopia / Awash Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049591)
https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/joc.6377
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049591.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049591.pdf
(8.09 MB) (8.09 MB)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the historical skill of models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) in two regions of Ethiopia: northwestern Ethiopia and the Awash, one of the main Ethiopian river basins. An ensemble of CMIP5 models was first selected so that atmosphere-only (Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project, AMIP) and fully coupled simulations could be directly compared, assessing the effects of coupled model sea surface temperature (SST) biases. The annual cycle, seasonal biases, trends, and variability were used as metrics of model skill. In the Awash basin, both coupled and AMIP simulations had late Belg or March-May (MAM) rainy seasons. In connection to this, most models also missed the June rainfall minimum entirely. Northwest Ethiopia, which has a unimodal rainfall cycle in observations, is shown to have bimodal seasonality in models, even in the AMIP simulations. Significant AMIP biases in these regions show that model biases are not related to SST biases alone. Similarly, a clear connection between model resolution and skill was not found. Models simulated temperature with more skill than rainfall, but trends showed an underestimation in Belg (MAM/April-May (AM)) trends, and an overestimation in Kiremt or July-September (JAS/June-September (JJAS)) trends. The models which were shown to have the most skill in a range of categories were HadGEM2-AO, GFDL-CM3, and MPI-ESM-MR. The biases and discrepancies in model skill for different metrics of rainfall and temperature found in this study provide a useful basis for a process-based analysis of the CMIP5 ensemble in Ethiopia.
12 Bellwood-Howard, I.; Ansah, I. G. K.; Donkoh, S. A.; Korbeogo, G. 2021. Managing seasonality in West African informal urban vegetable markets: the role of household relations. Journal of International Development, 20p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3562]
Agricultural products ; Markets ; Vegetables ; Informal sector ; Marketing ; Seasonality ; Profit ; Urban agriculture ; Farmers ; Gender ; Role of women ; Households ; Livelihoods ; Social aspects ; Policies / West Africa / Burkina Faso / Ghana / Mali / Bamako / Ouagadougou / Tamale
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050502)
(1.80 MB)
Seasonality influences African informal agricultural markets, but existing literature inadequately explores its interactions with market actors' social relations and livelihood outcomes. Thus, agricultural commercialisation policy ineffectively supports such actors to manage seasonality. Across Bamako, Ouagadougou and Tamale, we conducted interviews, focus group discussions, and a survey of farmer and marketer profits across seasons. Hot, dry season lettuce transactions performed by marketers are more likely to make profit. Farmers and marketers rely on household and community relations and reproduce gendered skills to optimise profit and secure future income streams. Policies supporting household reproduction, and infrastructure, may best support their marketing activity.
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